Topic 2.1 - Subcellular Components 𖦹⋆｡°✩ Flashcards
what type of cells have subcellular components
subcellular components are universal to all cells
what do all living cells contain and what does it reflect
all cells contain a genome and ribosomes, which reflect the common ancestry of all known life
what is the purpose of ribosomes
ribosomes synthesize proteins according to mRNA sequence and the instructions that are encoded in that mRNA sequence originate from the genome of a cell
how many subunits do ribosomes have
ribosomes have 2 subunits that are not membrane-enclosed
what are ribosomes made of
ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins
what is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
a network of membrane tubes within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells
what are the 2 forms of the ER
༻ rough ER
༻ smooth ER
what is the function of the rough ER
༻ has ribosomes attached to the membrane
༻ compartmentalizes the cell
༻ packs newly synthesized proteins made by attached ribosomes for possible export from the cell
what is the function of the smooth ER
༻detoxification
༻ lipid synthesis
༻ does NOT have ribosomes attached
what do structural differences between rough and smooth ER lead to
lead to functional differences
what is the golgi complex
a series of flattened membrane-bound sacs found in eukaryotic cells
what is the function of the golgi complex
involved in the correct folding and chemical modification of newly synthesized proteins and packaging for protein trafficking
what is special about the mitochondria
it has a double membrane
༻ outer membrane is smooth
༻ inner membrane is highly convoluted, forming cristae (folds)
what is the function of the mitochondria
produces ATP energy that eukaryotic cells can use for cell work
what are lysosomes
membrane-enclosed sacs found in some eukaryotic cells that contain hydrolytic enzymes
