Topic 6.1 - DNA and RNA Structure 𖦹⋆｡°✩ Flashcards
how is genetic information stored
stored as a sequence of bases in DNA/RNA
how is genetic information transferred
transferred from generation to generation through DNA/RNA
how is genetic information passed from parent -> daughter cell
DNA is packed into chromosomes before genetic information is passed from parent -> daughter cell
how do viruses encode genetic information
viruses use RNA molecules to encode genetic information
what is DNA
the primary source of hereditary material
how are DNA and RNA structurally similar
༻ both are polymers containing nucleotides
༻ both are chain-like molecules
༻ both follow base pairing rules
how is specific nucleotide base pairing conserved
through evolution
what rule do DNA and RNA both follow
both follow conserved base pairing rules in which pyrimidines only pair with specific purines
when DNA nucleotides pair with other DNA nucleotides, what pairs with what
༻ adenine pairs with thymine
༻ guanine pairs with cytosine
when DNA nucleotides pair with RNA nucleotides, what pairs with what
༻ adenine pairs with uracil
༻ guanine pairs with cytosine
what rule do DNA and RNA both follow
both follow conserved base pairing rules in which pyrimidines only pair with specific purines
how do pyrimidines and purines differ
༻ pyrimidines have a single ring structure (ex. U,T, C)
༻ purines have a double ring structure (ex. A, G)
how do prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes differ
༻ prokaryotic organisms have circular chromosomes
༻ eukaryotic organisms have multiple, linear chromosomes
༻ prokaryotic genomes are typically smaller
༻ prokaryotes & eukaryotes contain plasmids that are found in the cytosol (P) and nucleus (E)
what are plasmids
small extra-chromosomal, double stranded, circular DNA molecules
where are plasmids found
found in the cytosol (prokaryotes) and the nucleus (eukaryotes)
