Topic 6.6 - Gene Expression and Cell Specialization

Question 1

what are promoters

Answer 1

DNA sequences upstream of the transcription start site where RNA polymerase and transcription factors bind to initiate transcription

Question 2

how is transcription initiated?

Answer 2

through the interaction between regulatory proteins, regulatory genes, and transcription factors initiates transcription

Question 3

how is an organism’s phenotype determined?

Answer 3

through the combination of genes expressed

Question 4

what type of molecule blocks transcription?

Answer 4

negative regulatory molecules

Question 5

what does gene regulation result in?

Answer 5

results in differential gene expression and influences cell products and function

Question 6

do all cells have the same DNA?

Answer 6

yes, but only certain tissues have activator proteins that turn on regulatory genes

Question 7

what are tissues

Answer 7

groups of cells with similar function

Question 8

the phenotype of the cell is determined by the combination of genes that are expressed. provide an example of this:

Answer 8

regulatory proteins found in the liver transcribe liver genes because the regulatory proteins activate the regulatory gene. these interactions between the transcription factors and the promoter will PROMOTE RNA polymerase to bind

Question 9

what is the role of small RNA fragments in gene expression?

Answer 9

> can break down mRNA in cytoplasm by recognizing and binding to mRNA
can block transcription by binding to mRNA and blocking the ribosome from reading and finishing translation