Topic 3.5 - Photosynthesis 𖦹⋆｡°✩

Question 1

what is photosynthesis

Answer 1

the biological process that captures energy from the Sun and produces sugars

Question 2

what does evidence claim produced oxygen in the atmosphere

Answer 2

evidence supports the claim that prokaryotic photosynthesis by organisms (ex. cyanobacteria)

Question 3

what is the foundation of eukaryotic photosynthesis

Answer 3

photosynthetic pathways

Question 4

what do light-dependent reactions capture and how

Answer 4

capture light energy by using light-absorbing molecules called pigments

Question 5

what do pigments do

Answer 5

help transform light energy into chemical energy

Question 6

where is chemical energy stored

Answer 6

temporarily stored in the chemical bonds if carrier molecules called NADPH

Question 7

what do light-dependent reactions facilitate

Answer 7

help facilitate ATP synthesis

Question 8

what do ATP and NADPH transfer

Answer 8

transfer stored chemical energy to power the production of organic molecules in another pathway called the Calvin Cycle

Question 9

how is oxygen produced

Answer 9

as a result of water hydrolysis

Question 10

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Question 11

What do chlorophylls absorb during photosynthesis

Answer 11

absorb energy from light

Question 12

what role do chlorophylls play in photosynthesis

Answer 12

capture energy from sunlight and convert it to high energy electrons

Question 13

what happens to chlorophyll electrons when light absorption occurs, and why is it important

Answer 13

electrons will be energized. the energy from the electrons will be used to establish a proton gradient and reduce NADP+ to NADPH

Question 14

where are photosystems I and II embedded

Answer 14

embedded in the internal membranes of chloroplasts

Question 15

what is a photosystem

Answer 15

light-capturing unit in a chloroplast’s thylakoid membrane

Question 16

why is water hydrolysis necessary as it relates to PSII and the light-dependent reactions

Answer 16

the hydrogen molecules from the spitting of water are released into the thylakoid space and used to create an electrochemical/proton gradient

Question 17

where do electrons go when they are transferred between molecules in a reaction

Answer 17

they pass through the electron transport chain (ETC)

Question 18

how are PSII and PSI functionally related to the ETC

Answer 18

they pass high-energy electrons to the ETC

Question 19

what is an electrochemical/proton gradient

Answer 19

it is a difference in concentration of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane

Question 20

what is the formation of the proton gradient link to

Answer 20

the synthesis of ATP

Question 21

what does photosynthesis use a form of passive transport to generate

Answer 21

ATP from ADP

Question 22

what is an ATP synthase

Answer 22

an enzyme that creates ATP when protons pass through the enzyme

Question 23

what powers the Calvin Cycle and what does it produce

Answer 23

the energy captured in the light powers the production of carbohydrates in the Calvin cycle

Question 24

what does the Calvin cycle use to produce carbohydrates

Answer 24

ATP, NADPH, anad CO2

Question 25

what is the goal of Calvin cycle reactions

Answer 25

to make organic products that plants need using the products from the light reactions of photosynthesis

Question 26

where do plants and other organisms mainly get CO2 from

Answer 26

from the environment

Question 27

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