Topic 3.5 - Photosynthesis 𖦹⋆｡°✩ Flashcards
what is photosynthesis
the biological process that captures energy from the Sun and produces sugars
what does evidence claim produced oxygen in the atmosphere
evidence supports the claim that prokaryotic photosynthesis by organisms (ex. cyanobacteria)
what is the foundation of eukaryotic photosynthesis
photosynthetic pathways
what do light-dependent reactions capture and how
capture light energy by using light-absorbing molecules called pigments
what do pigments do
help transform light energy into chemical energy
where is chemical energy stored
temporarily stored in the chemical bonds if carrier molecules called NADPH
what do light-dependent reactions facilitate
help facilitate ATP synthesis
what do ATP and NADPH transfer
transfer stored chemical energy to power the production of organic molecules in another pathway called the Calvin Cycle
how is oxygen produced
as a result of water hydrolysis
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What do chlorophylls absorb during photosynthesis
absorb energy from light
what role do chlorophylls play in photosynthesis
capture energy from sunlight and convert it to high energy electrons
what happens to chlorophyll electrons when light absorption occurs, and why is it important
electrons will be energized. the energy from the electrons will be used to establish a proton gradient and reduce NADP+ to NADPH
where are photosystems I and II embedded
embedded in the internal membranes of chloroplasts
what is a photosystem
light-capturing unit in a chloroplast’s thylakoid membrane
why is water hydrolysis necessary as it relates to PSII and the light-dependent reactions
the hydrogen molecules from the spitting of water are released into the thylakoid space and used to create an electrochemical/proton gradient
where do electrons go when they are transferred between molecules in a reaction
they pass through the electron transport chain (ETC)
how are PSII and PSI functionally related to the ETC
they pass high-energy electrons to the ETC
what is an electrochemical/proton gradient
it is a difference in concentration of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane
what is the formation of the proton gradiented link to
the synthesis of ATP
what does photosynthesis use a form of passive transport to generate
ATP from ADP
what is an ATP synthase
an enzyme that creates ATP when protons pass through the enzyme
what powers the Calvin Cycle and what does it produce
the energy captured in the light powers the production of carbohydrates in the Calvin cycle
what does the Calvin cycle use to produce carbohydrates
ATP, NADPH, anad CO2
what is the goal of Calvin cycle reactions
to make organic products that plants need using the products from the light reactions of photosynthesis
where do plants and other organisms mainly get CO2 from
from the environment
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