Topic 6.5 - Regulation of Gene Expression 𖦹⋆｡°✩ Flashcards
what do the differences in gene expression account for
account for phenotypic differences between organisms
what is gene expression
the process by which instructions in the DNA are transcribed and translated into a functional protein
what regulates gene expression
different types of chemical reactions
what are regulatory sequences
stretches of DNA that promote/inhibit protein synthesis
what are regulatory proteins used for
used to assist with the promotion/inhibition of protein synthesis
how is transcription controlled
the interaction of regulatory sequences with regulatory proteins
what do epigenetic changes involve
involve reversible modifications of DNA or histones
what are histones
proteins used to wrap around DNA. slight chemical modifications of DNA and histones cause tight/loose packing of DNA
what regulates gene expression
packing/unpacking DNA
do all cells within an organism have the same DNA sequences
yes, but they do not have the same function
how is the phenotype of a cell determined
by the combination of genes that are expressed
what is cell differentiation
cells within the same organism having different phenotypes
what are transcription factors
proteins that promote/inhibit gene transcription
what determines how a cell differentiates
the presence of various transcription factors
what is a result of sequential gene expression
the process of development from an undifferentiated cell to a differentiated cell
