Topic 2.11 - Origins of Cell Compartmentalization 𖦹⋆｡°✩ Flashcards
similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
༻ both cell types have a plasma membrane
what is the purpose of the plasma membrane
separates their internal environment from their surrounding environment
differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
༻ prokaryotic cells have an internal region (nucleoid region) that contains its genetic material
༻ eukaryotic cells have additional internal membranes and membrane-bound organelles that compartmentalize the cell
༻ genetic material is stored within a membrane-bound nucleus
how are the nucleus and other internal membranes (ex. ER) theorized to have formed
from the infoldings of the plasma membrane
how did the mitochondria evolve
from previously free-living prokaryotic cells via endosymbiosis
what is the endosymbiotic theory
༻ a free-living aerobic prokaryote was engulfed by an anaerobic cell through endocytosis
༻ the engulfed prokaryotic cell did not get digested by the engulfing cell; this arrangement became mutually beneficial
༻ over time, the engulfed cell lost some of its independent functionality and became the mitochondria of the eukaryotic cell
how did the chloroplast evolve
via endosymbiosis
what is the relationship between the functions of endosymbiotic organelles and their ancestors
༻ both have double membranes which regulate the passage of materials into and out of the cell and maintain a stable internal environment
༻ both have their own circular DNA encoding genetic information and can reproduce by a similar process used by prokaryotes
༻ both contain their own ribosomes that synthesize proteins
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