Topic 6.4 - Translation 𖦹⋆｡°✩ Flashcards
what is translation
the process by which an mRNA sequence is used to generate a polypeptide
where does translation occur
in the ribosomes
what type of ribosomes do prokaryotes have
cytosolic ribosomes
what type of ribosomes do eukaryotes have
cytosolic ribosomes and ribosomes bound to the rough ER
how does translation occur in prokaryotes
translation occurs while mRNA is being transcribed
what are the steps for translation in eukaryotes
༻ initiation - where the process starts
༻ elongation - where polypeptide starts
༻termination - where process starts
is translation similar in all organisms? how
yes. the nucleotides used to construct DNA/RNA molecules are common among organisms
what is evidence of common ancestry
the fact that the nucleotides used to construct DNA and RNA are common among organisms
what allows host-cell translation mechanisms to work with viral genomes
viral DNA molecules are chemically compatible with host-cell genomes, which allows host-cell translation mechanisms to work with viral genomes
what is translation
the final process in the flow of information from DNA -> RNA -> protein
what does translation involve
converting RNA information into a protein
what is the first step of translation
initiation - rRNA in the ribosome interacts with the mRNA at the first start codon
how are mRNA nucleotides grouped
they are grouped together and read in triplets called codons. each codon encodes a specific amino acid
how many naturally occurring amino acids are there
20, some are encoded for by more than 1 codon
how is translation terminated
via stop codons that do not code for amino acids but instead terminate translation
