Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Epidemiology - MIDTERM 2 > Topic 55 - Diseases of farm animals caused by reoviruses and rotaviruses > Flashcards

Topic 55 - Diseases of farm animals caused by reoviruses and rotaviruses Flashcards

1
Q

Name two subfamilies of reoviridae:

A
  1. Sedoreoviridae family
  2. Spinareoviridae family
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name two genuses under sedoreoviridae of veterinary impact:

A
  1. Orbivirus
  2. Rotavirus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name a genus under spinareoviridae which is of veterinary impact:

A
  1. Orthoreovirus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name diseases under orbivirus genus:

A
  1. African horse sickness
  2. Equine encephalosis
  3. Bluetongue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name diseases under rotavirus genus:

A

rotavirus A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name disease under orthoreovirus:

A
  1. Avian orthoreovirus
  2. Mammalian orthoreoviruses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of virus is reovirus?

A

RNA

but the virus is segmented

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How many segments does reoviruses have?

A

10-12 segments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What can happen to the segments of reoviruses?

A

The genetic properties of the virus can change if two viruses replicate and mixes the segments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why can reoviruses be problematic for vaccine developers?

A

Segments + RNA viruses are very variable. They have a lot of species, several serotypes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Are reoviruses enveloped or non-enveloped?

A

non-enveloped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Resistance of reoviruses:

A

Depends on the genus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Resistance of orbivirus genus:

A

Weak resistance

They need insects to transmit the virus from one animal to another. The virus will be killed in the stomach, so the insect will infect via the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Resistance of Orthoreovirus:

A

Good resistance. The faeces provides extra protection for the virus, so disinfectants are not enough

The virus can survive in the stomach, so oral infection can happen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Resistance for rotaviruses:

A

Good resistance. The faeces provides extra protection for the virus, so disinfectants are not enough

The virus can survive in the stomach, so oral infection can happen

Can cause enteric disease because they can be present in the enteric environment, in the GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Isolation of orthoreoviruses:

A

easier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Isolation of orbi- and rotaviruses:

A

We use embryonic eggs. We inoculate the virus into the vessels of the embrynic egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Host range of reoviruses

A

Euryxen

Can infect several species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Host range restrictions of reoviruses:

A

Humans cannot infect animals, and animals cannot infect humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Vectors of orbivirus:

A

Mosquitos = biological vectors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a biological vector?

A

The virus can replicate inside the body of the mosquito

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Is reovirus a zoontic disease?

A

It cannot be excluded as zoonotic disease, but the virus have specific strains for humans and specific strains for animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Causative agent of rotavirus:

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How many species does rotavirus have?
What are their names?

A

9 species, named from A-J

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which of the 9 species of rotavirus are most important for veterinarians?

A

A, B and C

26
Q

Species susceptible for Rotavirus, type A:

A

Most mammals and birds, 90% of human cases

27
Q

Species susceptible for Rotavirus, type B:

A

Human
Swine
Cattle
Sheep
Rat

28
Q

Species susceptible for Rotavirus, type C:

A

Swine
Rarely humans

29
Q

How many genome segments does rotavirus have?

A

11

30
Q

Are rotaviruses resistant?

A

yes

31
Q

How long does rotavirus survive, and in what do they survive?

A

for months in the environment

32
Q

How is rotavirus shed?

A

With faeces

33
Q

Occurence of rotaviruses:

A

Worldwide

It is a frequent cause of problems in humans and animals

34
Q

Route of transmission for rotaviruses:

A

Faecal-oral route

35
Q

Does rotaviruses have germinative infection?

A

no, but the surface of the eggs may be infected.
Cleaning + disinfection of the eggs is important

36
Q

Pathogenesis of rotaviruses

A

After infection there is a multiplication in the enterocytes mainly in the middle and distal regions of the small intestines. It will cause epithelial damage, villus atrophy, osmotic diarrhoea and exsiccosis

37
Q

How is rotaviruses shed?

A

shedding in the faeces in high titres

38
Q

What can cause even more severe clinical signs of rotaviruses?

A

Simultaneous infection

39
Q

Name some infections that can happen simultaneous with rotavirus:

A
  1. Parvo
  2. Corona
  3. Astroviruses
  4. E.coli
  5. Cryptosporidia
40
Q

Clinical signs of rotavirus:

A
  1. Sudden massive diarrhoea
  2. Loss of appetite, due to abdominal pain
  3. Weakening
  4. Retarded body weight gain
41
Q

Which age is most susceptible of rotaviruses?

A

1 (2) weeks of age

Older animals are also susceptible to infection, but due to some biochemical situations in the enteric tracts, the young animals are more susceptible to infection and also the enteric flora in a few-day old animals are not optimal

42
Q

Incubation period of rotavirus:

A

24-48 hours

43
Q

Morality rate of rotavirus:

A

low

If there are other infections present, the outcome can be fatal

44
Q

When can we see recovery after infection with rotavirus?

A

End of the 2nd week

45
Q

Clinical signs in older animals in case of rotavirus:

A

More severe, and there is immunosuppression in the background

46
Q

Why can we see recovery in case of rotaviruses?

A

Because the basal cells and crypt is not affected, the epithelial cells can be reproduced leading to recovery.

If the villus is damaged, we see more severe infections

47
Q

Why can we see villus atrophy in case of rotavirus?

A

The basal cells are not affected, but the epithelial cells covering the villus are affected byt the virus = villus atrophy

48
Q

Pathological lesions in case of rotaviruses:

A
  1. Undigested, liquid content in the intestines
  2. Enlarged intestines
49
Q

Histopathological lesions in case of rotaviruses:

A
  1. Inflammation in the enteric mucosa
  2. Villus atrophy and blunting
50
Q

How to diagnose rotavirus:

A

By age affected and clincal signs we have a good suspicion, but we also do virus detection

51
Q

Which laboratory methods to detect the rotavirus can be done?

A

RT-PCR is 1st choice
We can do AgELISE to check the variability of the virus

52
Q

Treatment of rotaviruses:

A
  1. AB against bacterial co-infections
53
Q

Prevention of rotaviruses:

A
  1. Sufficient colostrum uptake
  2. Sufficient vaccination of the mother (to produce good colostrum)
  3. Hygiene
54
Q

Vaccine type for rotavirus:

A

inactivated, usually polyvalent vaccines

55
Q

When and how often do we vaccinate for rotavirus?

A

Pregnant cows twice in the 3rd trimester, and then repeatedly vaccinations is the key

56
Q

Name a human pathogen disease, caused by reovirs:

A

Seadornavirus-associated diseases, which are sub-named after the place they are found

57
Q

How many segment does seadornavirus-associated disease have?

A

12

58
Q

Which vector does seadornavirus-associated disease have?

A

mosquito - culicidae

59
Q

Pathogenesis of seadornavirus-associated disease:

A

In humans, but also found in animals

60
Q

Clinical signs of seadornavirus-associated disease:

A

influenza-like illness

  1. Fever
  2. Muscle pain
  3. Joint pain
61
Q

A consequence of seadornavirus-associated disease:

A

Encephalitis

Epidemiology - MIDTERM 2 (35 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions