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Epidemiology - MIDTERM 2 > Topic 38 - Feline calicivirus infections > Flashcards

Topic 38 - Feline calicivirus infections Flashcards

1
Q

Causative agent of feline calicivirus infection:

A

Vesivirus genus

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2
Q

Species susceptibility of feline calicivirus infection:

A

Domestic cat and other felids + marine mammals

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3
Q

Resistance of feline calicivirus infection:

A

High, survival in environment for weeks

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4
Q

How many types of feline calicivirus is there?

A

One serotype, but several antigenic variants.

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5
Q

When is the feline calicivirus infection often seen?

A

If the cat comes from a breeding facility. Where there are a lot of cats together and the hygiene rules and epidemiological measures are not observed.

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6
Q

Is feline calicivirus infection worldwide or not?

A

Worldwide

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7
Q

How is feline calicivirus infection shed?

A

With excretes

With saliva, may be present in faeces and urine as well

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8
Q

How is feline calicivirus infection transmitted?

A

By direct contact, by oronasal infection

Indirect contact can lead to disease, but it is less affective

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9
Q

How long can feline calicivirus infection be shed?

A

Short-term or long-term, some even life-long

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10
Q

How many days are the feline calicivirus infection shedding?

A

Min 30 days
50% shed on day 75
and a few cats carry the virus life-long

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11
Q

Pathogenesis of feline calicivirus infection:

A
  1. Oronasal infection
  2. Reaches pharynx
  3. Then it goes to the blood = viraemia
  4. Via viraemia it goes to other organs
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12
Q

Which other organs can be affected/see lesions by feline calicivirus infection through viraemia?

A
  1. Lungs
  2. Mouth
  3. Throath
  4. Joint synovial membranes
  5. Visceral organs (only affected if there is a violent strain)
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13
Q

Lesions on oral mucosa in case of feline calicivirus infection:

A

Blisters/erosions in the mouth is VERY characterisitc

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14
Q

Lesions on lungs in case of feline calicivirus infection:

A

1stage in the lungs is inflammation, only in case of secondary bacterial infection we will se more severe clinical signs, such as: pneumonia

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15
Q

Clinical signs in case of feline calicivirus infection:

A
  1. Vesicles/erosions in oral cavity, mainly tongue, lips, nose
  2. Lameness and fever = limping syndrome
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16
Q

Healing time of feline calicivirus infection in case of vesicles/erosions in oral cavity?

A

2-3 weeks

17
Q

Clinical signs of feline calicivirus infection AFTER viraemia?
Which day will the clinical signs appear?

A

On day 3-4

we will have a 1st fever, with depression and loss of appetite, then there will be a 2nd fever with skin lesions

18
Q

Healing time of feline calicivirus infection in case of limping syndrome?

A

within 24-48 hours

19
Q

Mortality rate of feline calicivirus infection:

A

Low - if the virulence is low

BUT: Secondary bacterial infection is severe

20
Q

What is the severe form of feline calicivirus called and what does it cause?

A

Virulent systemic FCV strain

Causing severe systemic syndrome

21
Q

Clinical signs of severe form of feline calicivirus form:

A
  1. Fever
  2. Respiratory signs
  3. Icterus
  4. Nose and intestinal bleeding
22
Q

Mortality rate of the severe form of feline calicivirus infection:

A

30-70%

23
Q

vaccinated cats cannot be infected with feline calicivirus infection

A

FALSE

They can. The more virulent strain may break through the immune system, even if vaccinated.

24
Q

Is feline calicivirus an immunocomplex disease? and what is it?

A

They suspect it might be

Immuno complex problem = overproducing of antibodies

25
Q

Will the vaccine influence the shedding time in case of feline calicivirus infection? why, why not?

A

No

In the presence of antibodies the feline calicivirus will be able to cause persisting infections

26
Q

What is a clinical sign of feline calicivirus, when there might be other disease in the background?

A

Chronic stomatitis

27
Q

How is feline calicivirus connected to chronic stomatitis?

A

Often we detect the calicivirus in the background, but it is not clarified if it is another virus causing it or only helping

28
Q

Pathological signs of feline calicivirus:

A

Same as clinical signs: erosions in the mouth

29
Q

Pathological signs of the severe form of feline calicivirus:

A
  1. vasculitis
  2. enlarged liver
  3. pneumonia
  4. pancreatitis
  5. pericarditis
30
Q

How can we diagnose feline calicivirus:

A

More or less characteristic with the clinical signs, but we also do laboratory testings

31
Q

Which laboratory tests do we do in case of feline calicivirus?

A

First we do PCR, but we also do virus isolation parallelly

32
Q

Differetial diagnosis of feline calicivirus:

A

Every virus causing respiratory problems: Herpes, bacterial infection

  1. Feline rhinotracheitis
  2. Lameness, arthritis
33
Q

Treatment of Feline calicivirus:

A

supportive treatment
enteral nutrition
parental fluid
antibiotics (to prevent secondary bacterial infection)

34
Q

How long will the maternal antibodies protect in case of feline calicivirus?

A

few weeks, may persist up to 10-14 weeks

35
Q

Which type of vaccine is used in case of feline calicivirus?

A

Attenuated and inactivated vaccine

36
Q

How often is a cat vaccinated against feline calicivirus?

A

a primary vaccine: 9-12/16 weeks of age
and then yearly vaccination is needed

37
Q

How to prevent from feline calicivirus?

A

Hygiene and management

  1. Closed farming
  2. Quarantine
  3. Identification of shedders
38
Q

What happens if we vaccinate too early?

A

The maternal antibodies will neutralise the vaccine virus and there will be no immunity after the 1st jab

39
Q

Name some bacteria that will complicate feline calicivirus infection:

A
  1. Bordetella bronchiseptica
  2. Chlamydophila felis

Epidemiology - MIDTERM 2 (35 decks)

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