PQS - Picornaviruses (FMD) Flashcards
FMD is a chronic disease
F
FMD spreads slowly within the herd
F
FMD virus is shed by semen
T
Shed through all bodily fluids
Dogs are susceptible to FMD
T
Foot and mouth disease is serologically uniform
F
Have 7 different serotypes
Foot and mouth disease virus is uniform, there are no serotype or subtypes of it
F
Because of the high variability of FMD virus cross protection cannot be observed even within
the serotype
T
Within the FMD serotypes, subtypes can be differentiated
T
The sample from the FMD suspected animal should be submitted to lab cooled but not frozen
T
FMD ulcers are usually sharp edged and regular round shaped
F
Tattered edge + red base
True for bovine viral diarrhoea
The foot and mouth disease is classified into 7 serotypes
T
A, O, C, SAT 1-3, ASIA 1
The primary replication site for FMD is the tongue mucosa
F
pharyngeal and laryngeal mucousae
FMD can be transmitted by frozen meat
T
The peracute form of FMD causes severe haemorrhages and death by shock
F
The chronic form of FMD means arthritis
F
There is no chronic form
FMD is transmitted by insect vectors
F
Direct contact with bodily fluids
Vesicles of FMD can fully recover after immune response
T
FMD causes the loss of hoof in swine
T
If the keratine layer is damaged
Foot and mouth disease can be carried for long time in the hoof tissue
T
The SAT-1,2 and 3 serotypes of FMD virus are present in Africa and Arabia
T
In humid cold environment, the FMD virus can retain its infectivity for weeks
T
Even the vaccinated animals can carry and shed the FMD virus
T
The main host (reservoir) of foot and mouth disease virus is swine
F
Cattle and Buffalo
FMD induces lameness in sheep and oral vesicles in goats
T
FMD virus is shed in milk
T
In all bodily fluids
The FMD virus can retain its infectivity in dried milk for months
T
The FMD virus can retain its infectivity in frozen milk for months
T
There are no neutralizing antibodies produced against foot and mouth disease virus
F
VP1 = neutralising antibody
For laboratory tests foot and mouth disease samples should be submitted in buffered
transport medium
T
For laboratory tests FMD samples should be submitted frozen
F
Never frozen!! chilled or on ice
Within the FMD serotypes, subtypes can be differentiated
T
The resistance of foot and mouth disease virus is low
F
Non-enveloepd virus = high resistance
The foot and mouth disease virus can retain its infectivity for 40 days in manure
T
In Europe supportive therapy is applied in the treatment of FMD
F
Europe = free of FMD
Frothy and sticky nasal discharge is the characteristic sign of FMD
F
The hedgehog is susceptible to FMD
T
Every even-toed ungulate
Because of high variability of FMD virus cross protection cannot be observed even within the serotype
T
All serotypes of foot and mouth disease can be detected worldwide
F
O and A = Worldwide
Foot and mouth disease can cause myocarditis in young animals
T
Also in dogs
Ruminants can carry foot and mouth disease virus for up to 3 years
T
0.5 - 3 years
The Asia serotype of FMD virus is present in Turkey and in the Middle East
T
Present in: Asia, Turkey and Middle East
The FMD virus is enveloped
F
FMD virus cannot be propagated in cell culture
F
FMD virus cannot be isolated in cell culture
F
24 hours after the inoculation of FMD virus into guinea pig paw pad vesicle formation can be
observed
T
The FMD mortality is nearly 100%
F
It is low, a bit higher in young animals
The mortality of foot and mouth disease is very high in all age groups
F
The FMD suspected sample should be sent to lab by post (in mail)
F
FMD virus can be transmitted by feed
T
Animals with foot and mouth disease shed the virus in the saliva
T
All bodily fluids
Animals can be infected with foot and mouth disease by inhalation
T
Per os, and air-borne
The primary replication sites of foot and mouth disease are the lymph nodes
F
In laryngeal and pharyngeal mucosa
The primary replication sites of foot and mouth disease is the bone marrow
F
Horses are susceptible to foot and mouth disease
F
Even-toed ungulates + dog&human
Cattle shed foot and mouth disease virus for a shorter time comparing to swine
F
The foot and mouth disease virus is very sensitive to the environmental conditions
F
Foot and mouth disease is transmitted by insect vectors
F
We can observe the most severe foot and mouth disease signs on sheep
F
Sheep and goat = mild symptoms
In the control of foot and mouth disease vaccines are used in Europe
F
Only in endemic countries
Vaccination using attenuated vaccines is the main way of control of foot and mouth in
Europe
F
Only inactivated vaccines, and in endemic countries
9 hours after infection foot and mouth disease virus can be shed by the infected animals
T
Swine shed foot and mouth disease virus for a shorter time than cattle
T
Pigs shed more foot and mouth disease virus than cattle
T
1000-3000 x more
The foot and mouth disease virus is very sensitive to acidic pH
T
Foot and mouth disease virus can infect ruminants and pigs
T
Foot and mouth disease virus can only infect animals
F
Can be zoonotic
FMD is sporadic in Europe.
T
Resistance of FMD virus is high, in the environment it remains infectious for weeks.
T
FMD virus frequently causes carditis is young animals.
T
Water buffalos are not susceptible for FMD.
F
The main signs of FMD are: fever, salivation, formation of vesicles and lameness.
T
Serological examinations are important in diagnosis of FMD.
F
Virus detection is
In Europe vaccines must not be used for prevention of FMD
T
In sheep clinical signs of FMD are very mild, it is not easy to recognize.
T
For Europe Middle-East, Africa and Asia are the main danger to introduce FMD
T
In young animal FMD virus frequently causes myocarditis.
T
FMD virus is highly contagious, spreads rapidly.
T
In endemically infected countries vaccines are also used in prevention of FMD.
T
O and A serotypes of FMD are mostly widespread in the world.
T
In sheep clinical signs of FMD are very mild.
T
The resistance of FMD virus is rather low, in the environment it is inactivated within days
F
About half of the countries of the world are presently infected with FMD.
T
77%
Resistance of FMD virus is low, in the environment, they are inactivated within days
F
FMD virus can get into Europe most easily from Turkey, Middle East and North- Africa.
T
FMD virus can cause severe myocarditis in young calves and piglets.
T
In infected countries inactivated vaccine are also used for prevention of FMD
T
Pigs shed large amount of FMD virus with their saliva during the acute phase of the disease
T
FMD virus is genetically and serologically uniform.
F
The main reservoirs of FMD virus are cattle and buffalo.
T
FMD virus is carried in the tonsils, lymphatic tissues and hoof of the infected animal.
T
Long term carriage: Tonsilla, lymphatic tisse, hoof
FMD erosions are characteristic with tattered edge and red base
T
Vaccination against FMD can prevent the infection.
T
FMD virus retains its infectivity for more than a month in manure
T
40 days
Genotype C of FMD virus is the most frequently detected worldwide
F
It might be extinct
Swine shed about 1000-3000% higher FMD virus concentration comparing to ruminants
T (in the document)
F???
It says 1000-3000 TIMES higher, not % ?!
Shedding of FMD virus starts 3 days after the infection
F
9hours after infection
FMD virus is shed by semen too.
T
Vaccinated animals can carry FMD virus.
T
Comparing to cattle swine show milder vesicular symptoms in FMD
T
Cattle + goat = severe mouth vesicles
Sheep + swine = mild mouth vesicles
Myocarditis can be a result of Foot and Mouth disease cases.
T
Vesicles are often seen on the tongue of Foot and Mouth disease infected cattle.
T
Europe is endemically infected with Foot and Mouth disease
F
Vaccination against Foot and Mouth disease results in type specific immunity
T
Pigs are not susceptible to Foot and Mouth disease
F
Foot and Mouth disease virus can be shed from infected animals during the incubation
time.
T
Vaccination is currently used against Foot and Mouth disease in Europe
F
Foot and Mouth disease virus can only infect ruminants.
F
Foot and Mouth disease is caused by enteroviruses.
F
Apthovirus
Foot and Mouth disease is not present in South America.
F
Endemic in South America
Foot and mouth disease virus may cause severe heart muscle damage in young calves
T
Foot and mouth disease are endemic in Europe.
F
Foot and mouth disease is clinically more severe in pigs than in cattle
F
Foot and mouth disease virus can replicate in epithelial and myocardial cells.
T
Foot and mouth disease virus is spread by infected saliva and vesicle fluids within the
herd.
T
Foot and mouth disease is caused by F2 viruses.
F
Apthovirus –> picornavirus
Recovery from foot and mouth disease induces type specific protection.
T
FMD has 7 known serotypes
T
There are 3 subtypes SAT 1, 2, 3 in the SAT serotype
T
FMD replicates primarily in the pharynx
T
Pharynx and larynx
In the Asian serotype of FMD there are 3 subtypes, Asia 1, 2 and 3.
F
Only ASIA 1
FMD causes most severe symptoms in pigs.
F
Vaccination is used against FMD.
T
Europe is currently free from FMD.
T
FMD replicates in the skin
T
FMD cause skin lesions in bovine.
T
FMD cause skin signs in swine.
T
In sheep, clinical signs are usually more severe than in cattle.
F
For prevention of FMD in Europe only State Vet steps are used.
T
Inactivated vaccines can be used in FMD endemically infected countries.
T
Only the live attenuated strains can provide good immunity for FMD
F
Inactivated
Vaccination of FMD of cattle herds is permitted everywhere.
F
FMD is characteristic with fever, salivation and vesicle formation in the skin and mucous membranes.
T
The replication time of FMD virus is over one day
F
Few hours!!
