Topic 39 - Rabbit haemorrhagic disease, European brown hare syndrome (RHD, EBHS)

Question 1

In which countries is rabbit haemorrhagic disease present?

Answer 1

Worldwide!

Question 2

Is rabbit heamorrhagic disease notifiable or not?

Answer 2

It is notifiable

Question 3

How many types of rabbit haemorrhagic disease is there?

Answer 3

We differentiate between 2 types and we vaccinate against both types

Question 4

When was type 1 of rabbit haemorrhagic disease discovered?

Answer 4

1980s

Question 5

When was type 2 of rabbit haemorrhaigc disease discovered?

Answer 5

2010

Question 6

What is special about rabbit haemorrhagic disease in Australia and New Zealand?

Answer 6

Together with myxomatosis, they can be used a biological weapon for rabbit control, a pest management

Question 7

What is the difference between rabbit haemorrhagic disease type 1, type 2 and the European brown hare syndrome virus?

Answer 7

The main differences between these 3 viruses is the species specificity and the age affected by the virus

MIDTERM QUESTION FOR SURE!!!

Question 8

Specie affected by rabbit haemorrhagic disease type 1:

Answer 8

Rabbits only!

Question 9

Age being affected by rabbit haemorrhagic disease type 1:

Answer 9

Older then 8 weeks of age

Question 10

Specie affected by rabbit haemorrhagic disease type 2:

Answer 10

Rabbit and Hare

Question 11

Age being affected by rabbit haemorrhagic disease type 2:

Answer 11

Younger rabbits too, under 8 weeks of age

Question 12

species being affected by European Brown hare syndrome:

Answer 12

Hares, wild animals only

Question 13

Mortality rate of rabbit haemorrhagic disease and european brown hare syndrome?

Answer 13

100%

Question 14

Resistance in the environment for rabbit haemorrhagic disease and european brown hare syndrome

Answer 14

For all 3 viruses: For months in chilled/frozen meat and caracasses

Question 15

Can rabbit haemorrhagic disease and european brown hare syndrome be propagated in cell culture?

Answer 15

No, none of them can

Question 16

Transmission of rabbit haemorrhagic disease and european brown hare syndrome:

Answer 16

Direct and indirect transmission

Question 17

Age of when clinical signs are observed in RHDV-1:

Answer 17

6-8 weeks of age

Question 18

Age of when clinical signs are observed in RHDV-2:

Answer 18

even from 15-20 days of age

Question 19

How is shedding done in case of rabbit haemorrhagic disease and european brown hare syndrome?

Answer 19

Via faeces and excretes, it is VERY contagious!!

if 1 animal is affected, every animal will be infected

Question 20

Target organ of rabbit haemorrhagic disease and european brown hare syndrome?

Answer 20

Liver

Question 21

Pathogenesis of rabbit haemorrhagic disease and european brown hare syndrome:

Answer 21

Infection, leading to viraemia, which will help the virus reach the liver and due to liver damage the animal will have haemorrhages and eventually die

Question 22

route of transmission in case of rabbit haemorrhagic disease and european brown hare syndrome

Answer 22

Per os, air borne or conjunctival infections

Question 23

Incubation time of rabbit haemorrhagic disease and european brown hare syndrome

Answer 23

1-4 days

Question 24

Clinical signs in case of hyper acute form of rabbit haemorrhagic disease and european brown hare syndrome:

Answer 24

No specific clinical signs

Question 25

Hyper acute form of rabbit haemorrhagic disease and european brown hare syndrome, time before death?

Answer 25

Few hours

Question 26

Clinical signs in case of acute form of rabbit haemorrhagic disease and european brown hare syndrome:

Answer 26

depression and fever.
Very characteristic is the bloody nasal discharge

Question 27

acute form of rabbit haemorrhagic disease and european brown hare syndrome, time before death:

Answer 27

within 12-36 hours

Question 28

Typical pathological signs in case of rabbit haemorrhagic disease and european brown hare syndrome:

Answer 28

Haemorrhages everywhere!!

Question 29

Pathological signs in lungs in case of rabbit haemorrhagic disease and european brown hare syndrome:

Answer 29

Oedema and emphysema

Question 30

Pathological signs in kidneys in case of rabbit haemorrhagic disease and european brown hare syndrome:

Answer 30

Haemorrhages

Question 31

Pathological signs in the liver in case of rabbit haemorrhagic disease and european brown hare syndrome:

Answer 31

Swollen, necrotic

Question 32

How can we diagnose rabbit haemorrhagic disease and european brown hare syndrome

Answer 32

We have a pretty clear diagnosis only with:
1. clinical signs
2. high mortality
3. post mortem lesions

But we also do laboratory to detect the specific virus , histopathology and differential diagnosis

Question 33

Histopathological lesions in case of rabbit haemorrhagic disease and european brown hare syndrome:

Answer 33

1. Liver dystrophy
2. Necrosis

Question 34

Which laboratory work to detect the virus would we do in case of rabbit haemorrhagic disease and european brown hare syndrome?

Answer 34

RT-PCR is used, but we can also use ELISA

Question 35

Differential diagnosis of rabbit haemorrhagic disease and european brown hare syndrome:

Answer 35

Everything that causes haemorrhages!!

heat stress, poisoning

Question 36

Treatment of rabbit haemorrhagic disease and european brown hare syndrome:

Answer 36

There is no treatment, only prevention can be done

Question 37

Vaccine types used in case of rabbit haemorrhagic disease and european brown hare syndrome:

Answer 37

Inactivated vaccine is used in combination with type 1, type 2 and myxomatosis

Question 38

age of vaccination in case of rabbit haemorrhagic disease and european brown hare syndrome

Answer 38

first vaccination is done at 4-5 weeks of age

Yearly repetitions

Question 39

Epidemiological measures done in case of rabbit haemorrhagic disease and european brown hare syndrome as a prevention:

Answer 39

Usually every animal is killed due to the high contagiousness. We do humane slaughter and disposal of the sick + infected animals

We can try movement restrictions

Question 40

Why can we see healthy animals in the same farm as infected animals, in case of rabbit haemorrhagic disease and european brown hare syndrome:

Answer 40

The healthy animals may be immunised