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Epidemiology - MIDTERM 2 > Topic 32 - Teschovirus encephalomyelitis > Flashcards

Topic 32 - Teschovirus encephalomyelitis Flashcards

1
Q

Causative agent of teschovirus encephalomyelitis:

A

Picornavirus

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2
Q

Are picornaviruses enveloped or non-enveloped?

A

non-enveloped = high resistance

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3
Q

Are picornaviruses RNA or DNA viruses

A

RNA = high mutation rate

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4
Q

Are picornaviruses good or bad antigens?

A

Good!
They have good imunoresponse, and there is a general good immune response

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5
Q

Are vectors needed for picornaviruses?

A

no

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6
Q

More genera under the picornavirus:

A
  1. Enterovirus (later divided)
  2. Hepatovirus
  3. Avihepatovirus
  4. Teschovirus
  5. Tremovirus
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7
Q

Which genus are enteroviruses divided into?

A
  1. Senecavirus
  2. Erbovirus
  3. Cardiovirus, Apthovirus
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8
Q

Senecavirus:

A

Highly resistant, and they have a narrow host spectrum, pH stabile

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9
Q

Pathogenesis of senecavirus:

A

Per os infection, asymptomatic replication in the gut (which is why they are called enteroviruses). There is a viraemia and clinical symptoms will appear

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10
Q

Erboviruses

A

More important in human medicine

Inactivated below pH6 and 33 degrees

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11
Q

Cardioviruses:

A

They are not species specific, have a wide host spectrum. They are not resistant against acidic pH, and can be inactivated below pH6

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12
Q

What is the most important genus under picornavirus family? and why?

A

Apthovirus

It contains the foot and mouth disease!

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13
Q

which disease(s) is caused by Avihepatovirus?

A

Duck hepatitis A

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14
Q

which disease(s) is caused by Cardiovirus?

A

Encephalomyocarditis

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15
Q

which disease(s) is caused by Enterovirus?

A

Bovine enteroviruses, SVDV (Swine Vesicular Disease Virus)

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16
Q

which disease(s) is caused by Teschovirus?

A

Porcine teschovirus

(Teschen, talfan and porcine polioencephalomyelitis)

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17
Q

which disease(s) is caused by Tremovirus?

A

Avian encephalomyelitis

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18
Q

Teschovirus encephalomyelitis have other names, what are they?

A

Procine polioencephalomyelitits, Teschen and Talfan

Different virulence strains, causing different diseases

Today teschen and talfan are proven to be the same disease

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19
Q

Occurence of Teschen teschovirus encephalomyelitis:

A

Middle Europe

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20
Q

Occurence of Talfan teschovirus encephalomyelitis

A

Widepsread

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21
Q

Is teschovirus encephalomyelitis notifiable?

A

Not anymore, it was until 2005

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22
Q

How many serotypes exists of teschovirus genus?

A

11

Serotype 1 causing teschovirus encephalomyelitis

Serotype 2-11 is milder, but similar

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23
Q

Which species are susceptible for teschovirus encephalomyelitis?

A

Pigs!

But the age group affected differs

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24
Q

Susceptible age of Teschen disease:

A

All age groups

25
Q

Susceptible age of Talfan disease:

A

Below 4 months, more frequent around weaning

26
Q

How is teschovirus encephalomyelitis shed and for how long?

A

Via faeces, the virus is shed for 7-8 weeks.

the faeces is an important route of transmission

27
Q

How is teschovirus encephalomyelitis spread?

A

With :

  1. Meat
  2. With live pigs
  3. Faeces
28
Q

How long is teschovirus encephalomyelitis resistant in the environment?

A

3 weeks

29
Q

Route of infection in case of teschovirus encephalomyelitis:

A

Per os is the primary way of infection.

Can also be infected via the nose. From the nose, the virus can reach the olfactory nerves and directly to the central nervous system - This is not very common, but it can happen

30
Q

After per os infection of teschovirus encephalomyelitis, we have 3 different phases, name them:

A
  1. Enteral phase
  2. Viraemic phase
  3. Neural phase
31
Q

Pathogenesis of enteral phase of teschovirus encephalomyelitis:

A

Infection –>Primary replication will happen in the GI tract, in the lymphoid tissues. It will reach a high number and shed in the faeces.

32
Q

Outcome of enteral phase of teschovirus encephalomyelitis:

A

In some cases the virus will get into the blood and we will get viraemia, but most often it is asymptomatic, and we have the shedding of the virus.

33
Q

Immunity of enteral phase of teschovirus encephalomyelitis:

A

It is a good antigen, so it will produce a local immunity. Because of the good immunity, the virus will be cleared and the shedding will eventually stop

34
Q

What happens in case of viraemic phase of teschovirus encephalomyelitis:

A

We will see a fever

35
Q

What happens in case of neural phase of teschovirus encephalomyelitis

A

this phase is vital for the CNS symptoms, the virus will reach the spinal cord and it will replicate in the CNS system. And it will cause an inflammation of the CNS.

36
Q

Outcome of the neural phase of teschovirus encephalomyelitis:

A
  1. Meningitis
  2. Encephalomyelitis
  3. necrosis of the neurons
37
Q

Incubation time of teschovirus encephalomyelitis

A

1-3 weeks

38
Q

Which show more severe clinical signs? Telfan or teschen disease?

A

Teschen disease

39
Q

Clinical signs of teschen disease:

A
  1. fever and anorexia - due to viraemia
  2. Enteral phase = no clinical signs
  3. Typically we see clinical signs in the neural phase, as a result of the necrosis of the neurons
40
Q

In case of teshcen disease, which age group can we mainly see clinical signs?

A

in piglets and growers

41
Q

Clinical signs of growers/piglets in case of teschen disease:

A
  1. Vomiting (due to meningitis)
  2. Flaccid paralysis (MOST TYPICAL)
  3. Hyperaesthesia of the skin
  4. Respiratory paralysis and the animal will suffocate and die
42
Q

Clinical signs in adults in case of teschen disease:

A

Similar clinical signs, but milder

+ Flaccid paralysis of hind limbs

43
Q

Can animals recover from teschen disease:

A

yes, but movement disorders will remain

44
Q

Clinical signs of talfan disease:

A
  1. Ataxia = coordination problems
  2. Transient paralysis of the hindlimbs
45
Q

Age group affected by talfan disease:

A

Mainly before weaning, 3-8 weeks

46
Q

Will animals recover from talfan disease?

A

Most will recover, but some ataxia might remain

47
Q

Pathological signs of teschovirus encephalomyelitis:

A

No microscopical pathological lesions, only histopathological

48
Q

Histopathological signs of teschovirus encephalomyelitis:

A
  1. Grey matter of the brain is affected (IMPORTANT)
  2. We can see non-purulent inflammaiton of the CNS
  3. Brain stem, cerebellum and ventral horns of the spinal cord are affected
49
Q

What do we have to evaluate to get a diagnosis?

A
  1. Epidemiological rules
  2. Clinical signs
  3. Post-mortem lesions (absence of lesions, will confirm diagnosis)
  4. Histopathology

But we also detect the virus, lab work

50
Q

What do we use to detect the virus in case of teschovirus encephalomyelitis?

A

PCR

51
Q

What will detection of antibodies do in case of teschovirus encephalomyelitis:

A

It will not inform us about the disease, due to no clinical signs, but it will inform us that the herd is infected

52
Q

Differential diagnosis of teschovirus encephalomyelitis:

A

Disease with central nervous signs

53
Q

Name examples of infectious - notifiable disease that are similar to teschovirus encephalomyelitis:

A
  1. Classical swine fever
  2. African swine fever
  3. Rabies
54
Q

Name examples of non-infectious diseases that are similar to teschovirus encephalomyelitis:

A
  1. Salt intoxication
  2. Water deprivation
55
Q

Treatment of teschovirus encephalomyelitis:

A

there is none!

56
Q

Prevention measures of teschovirus encephalomyelitis:

A

General epidemiological measures: isolation of animals, prevention of introduction of the virus

57
Q

What to do if teschen disease is introduced into the herd?

A

Movement restriction and stamping out

58
Q

What to do if talfan disease is introduced into the herd?

A

We rely on the healing of the animal, so they become immune since it is a good antigen

59
Q

Vaccine of teschovirus encephalomyelitis:

A

There is no vaccine TODAY.

In the past, there was live and inactivated vaccines

Epidemiology - MIDTERM 2 (35 decks)

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