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Epidemiology - MIDTERM 2 > Topic 36 - Encephalomyocarditis of swine and other animals > Flashcards

Topic 36 - Encephalomyocarditis of swine and other animals Flashcards

1
Q

Causative agent of encephalomyocarditis:

A

Cardivirus genus, picornavirus family

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2
Q

Host range of encephalomyocarditis:

A

Eyruxen = wide

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3
Q

Is encephalomyocarditis zoonotic?

A

yes

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4
Q

Occurence location in case of encephalomyocarditis:

A
  1. Europe
  2. North America
  3. Australia
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5
Q

Maintaining host of encephalomyocarditis:

A

Rodents

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6
Q

Which form of encephalomyocarditis is rare, and in which species especially?

A

Clinical form

In farm animals

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7
Q

How many serotypes of encephalomyocarditis?

A

One serotype

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8
Q

Resistance in case of encephalomyocarditis:

A

Good

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9
Q

How long can encephalomyocarditis survive, and where does it survive?

A

In environment for several weeks

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10
Q

Susceptible species for encephalomyocarditis:

A
  1. Swine
  2. Elephant
  3. Lions
  4. Hippopotamus
  5. Birds
  6. Other mammals
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11
Q

Which species is the source of infection for humans in case of encephalomyocarditis?

A

Swine and rodents

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12
Q

Do the maintaining host show clinical signs in case of encephalomyocarditis?

A

No

(rodents)

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13
Q

How is encephalomyocarditis shed?

A

Faeces and urine

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14
Q

How can per os infection happed in case of encephalomyocarditis?

A

With contaminated water and feed

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15
Q

Mortality for new-born animals in case of encephalomyocarditis:

A

25-50%

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16
Q

Mortality for growers/fattening in case of encephalomyocarditis:

A

5-25%

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17
Q

Pathogenesis of encephalomyocarditis:

A
  1. Infection
  2. Replication happens and it will reach the blood
  3. We have a viraemia and the virus will then reach other organs
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18
Q

Which other organs will the virus reach with viraemia in case of encephalomyocarditis?

A
  1. Heart
  2. Small intestines
  3. Liver, kidney, spleen, lung
  4. CNS
  5. Foetus
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19
Q

Target organ in case of encephalomyocarditis:

A

Heart, and also the brain

20
Q

Where does the virus first replicate in case of encephalomyocarditis?

A

In the tonsils

21
Q

what will be the consequence when the virus reaches the CNS in case of encephalomyocarditis?

A

Encephalomyelitis

Because the virus replicates in the spinal cord

22
Q

If the virus reaches the foetus in case of encephalomyocarditis, what can be seen?

A

Abortion
Weak piglets

23
Q

If the virus reaches the heart in case of encephalomyocarditis, what can be seen?

A

Myocarditis
Necrosis of heart muscle

the efficacy of the circulation is decreased and we will se circulation problems

24
Q

How is the immune response in case of encephalomyocarditis?

A

Good, they have good antigens

25
Q

How long is maternal immunity in case of encephalomyocarditis?

A

4-6 weeks

26
Q

Which age group of pigs are susceptible for encephalomyocarditis?

A

Every age group

27
Q

Which age for pigs, in case of encephalomyocarditis, can we see clinical signs?

A

Most frequently in piglets below 4-5 weeks of age

28
Q

Clinical signs in piglets for encephalomyocarditis:

A
  1. Heart failure
  2. Dyspnoea
  3. Fever (due to viraemia)
  4. CNS signs due to encephalitis
29
Q

What type of CNS problems can we see in case of encephalomyocarditis?

A
  1. Shaking
  2. Paralysis
  3. Ataxia
  4. Spasms
  5. Forced movements
30
Q

Clinical signs in growers for encephalomyocarditis:

A
  1. Dyspnoea
  2. Sudden death
31
Q

Clinical signs in sows for encephalomyocarditis:

A
  1. Reproduction problems
  2. Abortion
  3. Still birth
32
Q

Clinical signs in other animals for encephalomyocarditis:

A
  1. Dyspnoea
  2. Sudden death
33
Q

Pathological findings in the heart in case of encephalomyocarditis:

A
  1. Enlarged
  2. Pale
  3. Soft
  4. Pulmonary oedema due to decreased circulation
34
Q

Pathological findings in the foetus in case of encephalomyocarditis:

A

In case of abortions: sometimes oedemas and haemorrhages

35
Q

Histopathological findings in case of encephalomyocarditis:

A
  1. Myocarditis
  2. Encephalitis
  3. Necrosis
  4. Fluid accumulation in thoracic cavity
36
Q

With which tools can we diagnose encephalomyocarditis?

A
  1. Epidemiological rules
  2. clinical signs
  3. Post mortem lesions
  4. Histopathology

We also have to detect the virus agent = PCR+ELISA

37
Q

Differential diagnosis of encephalomyocarditis:

A

Diseases with CNS signs and abortions

38
Q

How to prevent encephalomyocarditis?

A
  1. Rodent control (Because they are maintaining hosts)
  2. Inactivated vaccines
  3. seroconversion
39
Q

Source of infections for humans in case of encephalomyocarditis:

A

Rodents and swine

40
Q

Pathogenesis of human infection of encephalomyocarditis:

A

Infection causes viraemia and it will cause damage to the heart

41
Q

Infection route for humans of encephalomyocarditis:

A

Per os

Can also inhale air which can contain the dust particles

42
Q

Which damage to the heart can be seen in human infection of encephalomyocarditis:

A
  1. Myocardial necrosis
  2. Damage to the coronaria
43
Q

Clinical signs in humans for encephalomyocarditis:

A

Generally rare, but sometimes we can see:
1. Fever
2. Depression
3. Dyspnoea

44
Q

Will humans recover from encephalomyocarditis?

A

Normally yes

45
Q

Prevention of human infection of encephalomyocarditis:

A
  1. Rodent control
  2. Avoiding contact with rodents

Epidemiology - MIDTERM 2 (35 decks)

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