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Epidemiology - MIDTERM 2 > Topic 35 - Duck viral hepatitis disease > Flashcards

Topic 35 - Duck viral hepatitis disease Flashcards

1
Q

Is duck viral hepatitis disease worldwide?

A

yes

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2
Q

Causative agent of duck viral hepatitis disease:

A

Duck hepatitis A virus under Avihepatovirus family, picornavirus

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3
Q

Which virus causes duck viral hepatitis disease

A

Picornavirus

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4
Q

How many serotypes belong to Avihepatovirus genus?

A

3
Serotype 1, 2 and 3

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5
Q

Which serotype of Avihepatovirus genus is pathogenic?

A

Genotype 1 = highly pathogenic and most widespread
Genotype 2 + 3 = less pathogenic

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6
Q

Which serotype under Avihepatovirus does duck viral hepatitis disease belong to?

A

Serotype 1

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7
Q

Resistance of duck viral hepatitis disease:

A

High

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8
Q

How long can duck viral hepatitis disease survive, and where does it survive?

A

In bedding for 10 weeks

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9
Q

Species susceptible for duck viral hepatitis disease:

A

All duck species and arts

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10
Q

How is duck viral hepatitis disease shed and for how long?

A

In faeces, for weeks

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11
Q

Infection route of duck viral hepatitis disease:

A

Most commonly: per os, via faeces

But also, tracheal discharge

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12
Q

In case of duck viral hepatitis disease, is there a germinative infection?

A

NO

Midterm Q for sure!!

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13
Q

Mortality rate in ducklings in case of duck viral hepatitis disease:

A

90%

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14
Q

What can cause the mortality in ducklings to decrease in case of duck viral hepatitis disease, and to what % does it decrease to?

A

If there is yolk immunity the mortality decreases to 50%

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15
Q

How long will the yolk immunity last in case of duck viral hepatitis disease?

A

3-6 weeks of age

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16
Q

Which age of ducks will we see clinical signs in case of duck viral hepatitis disease?

A

1-4 weeks of age

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17
Q

Which age of ducks will we see most severe clinical signs in case of duck viral hepatitis disease?

A

first week of life

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18
Q

What can cause complications in case of duck viral hepatitis disease?

A

Secondary bacterial infections

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19
Q

Name examples of secondary infections in case of duck viral hepatitis disease:

A

Mycotoxins
Salmonella

They will trigger the disease = fast spread within the herd

20
Q

What is the pathogenesis of duck viral hepatitis disease?

A

Infection, we have a replication which causes viraemia and the virus will spread to further organs and there is a second replication

21
Q

What is the replication site in case of duck viral hepatitis disease?

A

Mucous membrane of the GI tract

22
Q

What are the organs the virus is spread further to with viraemia, in case of duck viral hepatitis disease?

A
  1. Liver (especially!)
  2. Spleen
  3. Kidney
23
Q

Incubation time in case of duck viral hepatitis disease:

A

2-3 days

24
Q

Clinical signs in peracute cases of duck viral hepatitis disease:

A

Rarely see clinical signs, only death within few hours

25
Q

Which age is mostly affected by the per acute phase of duck viral hepatitis disease?

A

day-old ducklings

26
Q

Mortality rate in case of per acute phase of duck viral hepatitis disease?

A

Close to 100%

27
Q

From which age can we see acute phase of duck viral hepatitis disease?

A

From 2nd week of age

28
Q

Clinical signs in case of acute phase of duck viral hepatitis disease:

A
  1. Depression
  2. Lethargic
  3. Ataxia
  4. Spasmodical paddling
29
Q

Acute phase of duck viral hepatitis disease, death within?

A

Few days!

30
Q

In case of duck viral hepatitis disease, what are the spasmodical paddling due to?

A

Damage to the kidney

31
Q

In case of duck viral hepatitis disease, in which organ can we see the most important pathological lesions?

A

Liver!

32
Q

Pathological lesions in liver, in case of duck viral hepatitis disease:

A
  1. Enlarged
  2. yellow
  3. Liver dystrophy + necrosis
  4. Haemorrhages with sharp edge (VERY TYPICAL)
33
Q

Pathological lesions in spleen, in case of duck viral hepatitis disease:

A
  1. Enlarged
  2. Mottled
34
Q

Pathological lesions in kidney, in case of duck viral hepatitis disease:

A
  1. Swollen
  2. Nephrosis
35
Q

Based on what can we diagnose duck viral hepatitis disease

A
  1. Epidemiological rules
  2. Clinical signs
  3. Post mortem lesions
  4. Histopathology

+ detection of the virus

36
Q

Which method do we use to detect virus in case of duck viral hepatitis disease?

A

PCR

But also, IF

37
Q

Can we detect antibodies in case of duck viral hepatitis disease?

A

yes, but it cannot support the diagnosis due to the asymptomatic clinical signs

38
Q

Differential diagnosis in case of duck viral hepatitis disease:

A
  1. Duck plague
  2. Duck hepatitis caused by astrovirus (lower mortality!!)
  3. Salmonella complication
39
Q

Treatment of duck viral hepatitis disease:

A

There is no treatment!
Only prevention

40
Q

Prevention measures in case of duck viral hepatitis disease:

A
  1. Epidemiological rules
  2. Vaccine
41
Q

Which epidemiological rule is especially important in case of duck viral hepatitis disease, and why?

A

Strict isolation in the first 4 weeks of age

We benefit from the fact that there is no germinative infection

42
Q

Which type of vaccines can be used for duck viral hepatitis disease, and which is most commonly used?

A
  1. Inactivated
  2. Live, attenuated
  3. Combination: Live, attenuated + inactivated

The combination vaccine is mostly used today!!

43
Q

How do we vaccinate with the combination vaccine in case of duck viral hepatitis disease?

A

First time: vaccinated with live-attenuated vaccine
Second time: inactivated vaccine

44
Q

At what age do we vaccinate, with combination vaccine, for the first time in case of duck viral hepatitis disease?

A

7-12 week of age

45
Q

What will the first jab in case of combination vaccine do in duck viral hepatitis disease?

A

It will result in high level of immune response

46
Q

At what age do we vaccinate, with combination vaccine, for the second time in case of duck viral hepatitis disease?

A

Right before laying, at 18 week old

47
Q

What will the second jab in case of combination vaccine do in duck viral hepatitis disease?

A

It will give a uniform immunity

Epidemiology - MIDTERM 2 (35 decks)

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