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Epidemiology - MIDTERM 2 > PQS - Reoviruses (2) > Flashcards

PQS - Reoviruses (2) Flashcards

1
Q

Bluetongue is present only in tropical areas

A

F

Worldwide

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2
Q

Rodents serve as reservoirs of bluetongue

A

F

Midges + mosquitos

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3
Q

Ibaraki disease is clinically very similar to bluetongue

A

T

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4
Q

Ibaraki disease virus can be used to immunize cattle against bluetongue

A

F

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5
Q

Lameness is a frequent symptom of bluetongue in sheep

A

T

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6
Q

Bluetongue virus can cause bloody diarrhoea in lambs

A

T

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7
Q

Bluetongue is named after cyanosis of the tongue

A

T

It is very characteristic

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8
Q

The bluetongue virus is vectored by midges/ gnats

A

T

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9
Q

Cattle can carry the bluetongue virus for years without symptoms

A

T

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10
Q

Wild birds play the most important role in the distribution of bluetongue

A

F

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11
Q

In Europe vaccination of small ruminants against bluetongue is mandatory

A

F

Allowed as an emergency

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12
Q

Bluetongue virus is also foetopathic

A

T

Can be

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13
Q

Bluetongue virus may cause foetal developmental problems

A

T

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14
Q

Lameness and abortion are signs of bluetongue

A

T

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15
Q

Bluetongue occurs only in Africa and Australia

A

F

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16
Q

Bluetongue is transmitted by ticks

A

F

Midges

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17
Q

Bluetongue virus is typically vectored by ticks

A

F

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18
Q

Bluetongue can be transmitted by semen

A

T

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19
Q

Goats are more resistant to the bluetongue than sheep

A

T

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20
Q

Goats are not susceptible to bluetongue virus

A

F

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21
Q

Vaccination against Bluetongue results serotype specific immunity

A

T

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22
Q

Bluetongue disease occurs only in Africa

A

F

Worldwide

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23
Q

Bluetongue virus infects also horses and dogs

A

F

Sheep, cattle, goat and other domestic and wild ruminants

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24
Q

Endothelial damages are the most important causes of the clinical signs of bluetongue

A

T

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25
Q

A serotype 8 of bluetongue virus strain caused severe outbreak in Europe in 2006-2009

A

T

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26
Q

Bluetongue outbreaks mainly occur is summer and autumn

A

T

Because midges live on that time of year

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27
Q

Sheep are less sensitive to Bluetongue than swine.

A

F

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28
Q

Bluetongue causes transient infection in cattle.

A

T

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29
Q

Bluetongue vaccines induce serotype-specific immunity.

A

T

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30
Q

Bluetongue is named after the pseudo-melanosis of the tongue.

A

F

Cyanosis of the tongue

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31
Q

Bluetongue also infects horses and dogs.

A

F

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32
Q

Ibaraki disease virus immunizes against bluetongue.

A

F

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33
Q

Bluetongue disease is present only in tropical and sub-tropical countries.

A

F

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34
Q

Wild birds are the natural reservoir host of the Bluetongue virus.

A

F

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35
Q

In utero Bluetongue virus infection may result in immunotolerance.

A

T

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36
Q

The most severe clinical manifestation of Bluetongue disease is usually seen in goats.

A

F

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37
Q

Bluetongue is an Orbivirus.

A

T

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38
Q

Bluetongue primarily spreads with blood sucking insects.

A

T

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39
Q

Bluetongue replicates in endothelial cells of blood vessels.

A

T

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40
Q

The causative agent of Bluetongue multiplies in endothelium.

A

T

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41
Q

Bluetongue has 24 known serotypes.

A

F

29 serotypes

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42
Q

Bluetongue is an enteral disease of turkeys.

A

F

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43
Q

Bluetongue causes symptoms mostly in sheep and goat.

A

F

In cattle

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44
Q

Bluetongue is not present in Europe.

A

F

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45
Q

Bluetongue causes skin signs in bovine.

A

T

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46
Q

Bluetongue also infects pigs.

A

F

47
Q

Bluetongue infects all hooved animals.

A

F

48
Q

No long-term carrier stage is observed in Bluetongue virus infections.

A

F

Cattle carries for years

49
Q

Ruminants and swine are the most important hosts of the Bluetongue virus

A

F

Bluetongue doesn’t exist in pigs

50
Q

Lameness is one of the clinical signs of Bluetongue disease in sheep.

A

T

51
Q

Serological cross protection exists between 25 known serotypes of Bluetongue virus.

A

F

29 serotypes
and
protection is serotype-specific

52
Q

Ibarki disease is a Bluetongue-like disease in Asia and in America.

A

T

53
Q

The serotype 8 strain of the bluetongue virus, which emerged in Western Europe, does not cause clinical signs in cattle.

A

F

Affected sheep, goats and cattle

54
Q

The epizootic haemorrhagic fever is observed in the USA in wild deer

A

T

Also observed in cattle!!
And in Eruope: Spain, Portugal, France, Switzerland, Italy

55
Q

Epizootic haemorrhagic disease was described only in Australia so far

A

F

56
Q

Epizootic hemorrhage fever is a Bluetongue-like disease of wild ruminants in America.

A

T

Also observed in cattle!!
And in Eruope: Spain, Portugal, France, Switzerland, Italy

57
Q

African horse sickness is mostly a peracute disease

A

F

Mostly acute, but have peracute, acute, subacute and chronic form

58
Q

The Infectious equine arthritis and the African horse sickness may have similar clinical signs

A

T

59
Q

African horse sickness virus is endemic in Russia since 2008

A

F

60
Q

Oedemas and haemorrhages are the most frequent lesions in African horse sickness

A

T

61
Q

African horse sickness is spread by ticks

A

F

Midges and mosquitos, rarely by ticks

62
Q

African horse sickness is zoonotic

A

F

but is notifiable!!

63
Q
A
63
Q

Frothy nasal discharge is a characteristic sign of African horse sickness

A

T

In peracute form: foamy nasal discharge

64
Q

The subacute form of African horses sickness is causing oedema formation and heart failure

A

T

65
Q

Encephalitis is the most frequent sign of African horse sickness

A

F

66
Q

Acute form of African horse sickness occurs mainly in zebras and horses

A

F

Zebras are resistant to infection - But they carry the infection without clinical signs

67
Q

Carnivores are susceptible to African horse sickness

A

T

68
Q

Occasionally carnivores may get infected with African horse sickness virus

A

T

69
Q

The natural reservoirs of the African horse sickness virus are mainly zebras

A

T

70
Q

Subcutaneous oedema is a frequent symptom of subacute African horse sickness

A

T

71
Q

Zebras are more resistant to African horse sickness than horses

A

T

72
Q

Immunized horses may develop a chronic febrile form of the African horse sickness

A

T

73
Q

Zebras are not susceptible to African horse sickness

A

F

74
Q

Wild birds play the most important role in the spreading of African horse sickness

A

F

75
Q

The chronic form of African horse sickness may be similar to EIA

A

T

EIA= Equine Infectious Anaemia

76
Q

African horse sickness is a communicable disease

A

T

communicable = notifiable

77
Q

In the pathogenesis of African horse sickness, viraemia lasts longer in horse than in zebras.

A

F

Horse= 4-8 (18) days
Zebra + donkey = 28 days

78
Q

The African horse sickness is endemic in Europe and in the USA.

A

F

Present in Africa

79
Q

The signs of chronic African Horse Sickness and Equine Infectious anaemia may be similar.

A

T

80
Q

The natural reservoirs of the African Horse Sickness virus are mainly zebras.

A

T

81
Q

African horse sickness was transported to Europe by migratory birds.

A

F

82
Q

African horse sickness can cause encephalitis.

A

F

Haemorrhages and cardiac diseases

83
Q

African horse sickness is a notifiable (communicable) disease in Europe.

A

T

84
Q

African horse sickness can cause lung oedema.

A

T

85
Q

African horse sickness is prevented in Africa by combined vaccines

A

T

Africa = endemic

86
Q

African Horse Sickness is a frequent disease, distributed worldwide.

A

F

Mostly in Afric

87
Q

Respiratory signs are the most frequent symptoms in acute African Horse Sickness.

A

T

88
Q

The differential diagnosis of African Horse Sickness and Tetanus is rather complicated.

A

F

89
Q

African Horse Sickness is spread primarily by “small mosquitos”.

A

T

Midges/gnats (norsk: knott) produce the virus

Mosquitos only carry the virusparticle

90
Q

Carriers for African Horse Sickness are zebras and donkeys.

A

T

91
Q

African Horse Sickness is not present in Europe today.

A

T

92
Q

African Horse Sickness is caused by an arbovirus.

A

T

93
Q

African Horse Sickness is caused by Orbivirus.

A

T

94
Q

The most characteristic post mortem lesion in African Horse Sickness is haemorrhages and oedema.

A

T

95
Q

Reservoir for African Horse Sickness is zebras and donkeys.

A

F

Zebra only

96
Q

African Horse Sickness is presented mainly per-acutely in donkeys

A

F

97
Q

African Horse Sickness virus only infect horses.

A

F

98
Q

Horses are more susceptible than zebra in African Horse Sickness.

A

T

99
Q

Haemorrhagic meningoencephalitis is the most frequent sign of the African Horse Sickness.

A

F

100
Q

The African Horse Sickness virus may infect dogs too.

A

T

101
Q

The African Horse Sickness and the Infectious Equine Arteritis may have similar clinical signs.

A

T

102
Q

African horse sickness is a world-wide distributed and frequent disease.

A

F

103
Q

The subacute form of the African horse sickness is mainly characterized by oedematisation
and cardiac dysfunctions.

A

T

104
Q

Horse encephalosis is endemic in Africa

A

T

105
Q

Equine encephalosis can result in abortion

A

T

106
Q

Equine encephalosis is transmitted by mosquitoes

A

F

Midges

106
Q

Equine encephalosis causes the most severe clinical signs in Zebras

A

F

Horses are most susceptible

107
Q

Horse encephalosis occurs only in America

A

F
Africa

108
Q

Equine encephalosis causes high mortality

A

F

Rarely fatal, recovery in 1-3 weeks

109
Q

Attenuated and inactivated vaccines are available against equine encephalosis.

A

F

No vaccines available

110
Q

Horse encephalosis appeared several times in Europe between 2006 and 2009

A

F

111
Q

Midges are the main vectors of the Equine encephalosis virus.

A

T

Epidemiology - MIDTERM 2 (35 decks)

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