PQS - Reoviruses (2) Flashcards
Bluetongue is present only in tropical areas
F
Worldwide
Rodents serve as reservoirs of bluetongue
F
Midges + mosquitos
Ibaraki disease is clinically very similar to bluetongue
T
Ibaraki disease virus can be used to immunize cattle against bluetongue
F
Lameness is a frequent symptom of bluetongue in sheep
T
Bluetongue virus can cause bloody diarrhoea in lambs
T
Bluetongue is named after cyanosis of the tongue
T
It is very characteristic
The bluetongue virus is vectored by midges/ gnats
T
Cattle can carry the bluetongue virus for years without symptoms
T
Wild birds play the most important role in the distribution of bluetongue
F
In Europe vaccination of small ruminants against bluetongue is mandatory
F
Allowed as an emergency
Bluetongue virus is also foetopathic
T
Can be
Bluetongue virus may cause foetal developmental problems
T
Lameness and abortion are signs of bluetongue
T
Bluetongue occurs only in Africa and Australia
F
Bluetongue is transmitted by ticks
F
Midges
Bluetongue virus is typically vectored by ticks
F
Bluetongue can be transmitted by semen
T
Goats are more resistant to the bluetongue than sheep
T
Goats are not susceptible to bluetongue virus
F
Vaccination against Bluetongue results serotype specific immunity
T
Bluetongue disease occurs only in Africa
F
Worldwide
Bluetongue virus infects also horses and dogs
F
Sheep, cattle, goat and other domestic and wild ruminants
Endothelial damages are the most important causes of the clinical signs of bluetongue
T
A serotype 8 of bluetongue virus strain caused severe outbreak in Europe in 2006-2009
T
Bluetongue outbreaks mainly occur is summer and autumn
T
Because midges live on that time of year
Sheep are less sensitive to Bluetongue than swine.
F
Bluetongue causes transient infection in cattle.
T
Bluetongue vaccines induce serotype-specific immunity.
T
Bluetongue is named after the pseudo-melanosis of the tongue.
F
Cyanosis of the tongue
Bluetongue also infects horses and dogs.
F
Ibaraki disease virus immunizes against bluetongue.
F
Bluetongue disease is present only in tropical and sub-tropical countries.
F
Wild birds are the natural reservoir host of the Bluetongue virus.
F
In utero Bluetongue virus infection may result in immunotolerance.
T
The most severe clinical manifestation of Bluetongue disease is usually seen in goats.
F
Bluetongue is an Orbivirus.
T
Bluetongue primarily spreads with blood sucking insects.
T
Bluetongue replicates in endothelial cells of blood vessels.
T
The causative agent of Bluetongue multiplies in endothelium.
T
Bluetongue has 24 known serotypes.
F
29 serotypes
Bluetongue is an enteral disease of turkeys.
F
Bluetongue causes symptoms mostly in sheep and goat.
F
In cattle
Bluetongue is not present in Europe.
F
Bluetongue causes skin signs in bovine.
T
Bluetongue also infects pigs.
F
Bluetongue infects all hooved animals.
F
No long-term carrier stage is observed in Bluetongue virus infections.
F
Cattle carries for years
Ruminants and swine are the most important hosts of the Bluetongue virus
F
Bluetongue doesn’t exist in pigs
Lameness is one of the clinical signs of Bluetongue disease in sheep.
T
Serological cross protection exists between 25 known serotypes of Bluetongue virus.
F
29 serotypes
and
protection is serotype-specific
Ibarki disease is a Bluetongue-like disease in Asia and in America.
T
The serotype 8 strain of the bluetongue virus, which emerged in Western Europe, does not cause clinical signs in cattle.
F
Affected sheep, goats and cattle
The epizootic haemorrhagic fever is observed in the USA in wild deer
T
Also observed in cattle!!
And in Eruope: Spain, Portugal, France, Switzerland, Italy
Epizootic haemorrhagic disease was described only in Australia so far
F
Epizootic hemorrhage fever is a Bluetongue-like disease of wild ruminants in America.
T
Also observed in cattle!!
And in Eruope: Spain, Portugal, France, Switzerland, Italy
African horse sickness is mostly a peracute disease
F
Mostly acute, but have peracute, acute, subacute and chronic form
The Infectious equine arthritis and the African horse sickness may have similar clinical signs
T
African horse sickness virus is endemic in Russia since 2008
F
Oedemas and haemorrhages are the most frequent lesions in African horse sickness
T
African horse sickness is spread by ticks
F
Midges and mosquitos, rarely by ticks
African horse sickness is zoonotic
F
but is notifiable!!
Frothy nasal discharge is a characteristic sign of African horse sickness
T
In peracute form: foamy nasal discharge
The subacute form of African horses sickness is causing oedema formation and heart failure
T
Encephalitis is the most frequent sign of African horse sickness
F
Acute form of African horse sickness occurs mainly in zebras and horses
F
Zebras are resistant to infection - But they carry the infection without clinical signs
Carnivores are susceptible to African horse sickness
T
Occasionally carnivores may get infected with African horse sickness virus
T
The natural reservoirs of the African horse sickness virus are mainly zebras
T
Subcutaneous oedema is a frequent symptom of subacute African horse sickness
T
Zebras are more resistant to African horse sickness than horses
T
Immunized horses may develop a chronic febrile form of the African horse sickness
T
Zebras are not susceptible to African horse sickness
F
Wild birds play the most important role in the spreading of African horse sickness
F
The chronic form of African horse sickness may be similar to EIA
T
EIA= Equine Infectious Anaemia
African horse sickness is a communicable disease
T
communicable = notifiable
In the pathogenesis of African horse sickness, viraemia lasts longer in horse than in zebras.
F
Horse= 4-8 (18) days
Zebra + donkey = 28 days
The African horse sickness is endemic in Europe and in the USA.
F
Present in Africa
The signs of chronic African Horse Sickness and Equine Infectious anaemia may be similar.
T
The natural reservoirs of the African Horse Sickness virus are mainly zebras.
T
African horse sickness was transported to Europe by migratory birds.
F
African horse sickness can cause encephalitis.
F
Haemorrhages and cardiac diseases
African horse sickness is a notifiable (communicable) disease in Europe.
T
African horse sickness can cause lung oedema.
T
African horse sickness is prevented in Africa by combined vaccines
T
Africa = endemic
African Horse Sickness is a frequent disease, distributed worldwide.
F
Mostly in Afric
Respiratory signs are the most frequent symptoms in acute African Horse Sickness.
T
The differential diagnosis of African Horse Sickness and Tetanus is rather complicated.
F
African Horse Sickness is spread primarily by “small mosquitos”.
T
Midges/gnats (norsk: knott) produce the virus
Mosquitos only carry the virusparticle
Carriers for African Horse Sickness are zebras and donkeys.
T
African Horse Sickness is not present in Europe today.
T
African Horse Sickness is caused by an arbovirus.
T
African Horse Sickness is caused by Orbivirus.
T
The most characteristic post mortem lesion in African Horse Sickness is haemorrhages and oedema.
T
Reservoir for African Horse Sickness is zebras and donkeys.
F
Zebra only
African Horse Sickness is presented mainly per-acutely in donkeys
F
African Horse Sickness virus only infect horses.
F
Horses are more susceptible than zebra in African Horse Sickness.
T
Haemorrhagic meningoencephalitis is the most frequent sign of the African Horse Sickness.
F
The African Horse Sickness virus may infect dogs too.
T
The African Horse Sickness and the Infectious Equine Arteritis may have similar clinical signs.
T
African horse sickness is a world-wide distributed and frequent disease.
F
The subacute form of the African horse sickness is mainly characterized by oedematisation
and cardiac dysfunctions.
T
Horse encephalosis is endemic in Africa
T
Equine encephalosis can result in abortion
T
Equine encephalosis is transmitted by mosquitoes
F
Midges
Equine encephalosis causes the most severe clinical signs in Zebras
F
Horses are most susceptible
Horse encephalosis occurs only in America
F
Africa
Equine encephalosis causes high mortality
F
Rarely fatal, recovery in 1-3 weeks
Attenuated and inactivated vaccines are available against equine encephalosis.
F
No vaccines available
Horse encephalosis appeared several times in Europe between 2006 and 2009
F
Midges are the main vectors of the Equine encephalosis virus.
T
