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Epidemiology - MIDTERM 2 > PQS - Togaviruses > Flashcards

PQS - Togaviruses Flashcards

1
Q

Togaviruses are strongly resistant to the environmental conditions

A

F

They are enveloped = weak

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2
Q

Togaviruses are transmitted by mosquitoes

A

T

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3
Q

The clinical appearance of togavirus infection is dose dependent

A

T

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4
Q

Togaviruses cause airborne infection

A

F

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5
Q

Togaviruses cause encephalomyelitis in horses in East-Asia and in Australia only

A

F

Only in America

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6
Q

Several togaviruses are zoonotic agents

A

T

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7
Q

No vaccines are available against togaviruses

A

F

Inactivated, and in Venezuelan we use strain TC83, which is attenuated

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8
Q

Horse encephalomyelitis viruses are transmitted by ticks

A

F

Mosquitos

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9
Q

Abortion is the main clinical sign of togavirus infection results in abortion of horses

A

F

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10
Q

The leading clinical sign of togavirus infection is the frothy nasal discharge

A

F

Encephalitis

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11
Q

Togavirus infection in horses results in hepatitis

A

F

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12
Q

In the geographic distribution of equine togavirus migratory birds have an important role

A

T

Maintaning hosts in eastern and western

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13
Q

Rodents serve as reservoirs for the Western equine encephalomyelitis virus

A

T

Also birds!

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14
Q

Rodents serve as reservoirs for Venezuelan horse encephalomyelitis virus

A

T

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15
Q

Equine encephalomyelitis viruses are zoonotic

A

T

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16
Q

Equine encephalomyelitis viruses can cause asymptomatic infections

A

T

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17
Q

Horses encephalomyelitis vaccines defend against African horse sickness (cross protection)

A

F

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18
Q

Horse encephalomyelitis viruses are transmitted by ticks

A

F

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19
Q

Birds serve as reservoirs for the Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus

A

T

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20
Q

Equine encephalomyelitis viruses can cause lameness in horses

A

T

Due to myelitis

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21
Q

Birds serve as reservoirs for Venezuelan horse encephalomyelitis virus

A

F

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22
Q

Western equine encephalitis causes the highest mortality

A

F

Western = mildest
Eastern = highest

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23
Q

Equine encephalitis can be diagnosed easily by gross pathology

A

F

No gross pahological signs

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24
Q

In Venezuelan horse encephalitis enteric symptoms can be observed too

A

T

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25
Q

Recovery from equine horse encephalitis induces immunity that lasts only 1 year

A

F

Life-long immunity

26
Q

Equine encephalitis vaccines are available only for humans

A

F

27
Q

An early sign of Eastern encephalomyelitis is biphasic fever

A

T

28
Q

Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus infects only horses

A

F

Zoonotic and euryxen

29
Q

Mosquitoes are the principle vectors of equine encephalomyelitis viruses

A

T

30
Q

Equine encephalomyelitis can cause abortion in human

A

T

If infected in 2nd or 3rd trimester

31
Q

Wild birds are involved in the transmission cycle of eastern equine encephalomyelitis

A

T

32
Q

Wild birds are involved in the transmission cycle of eastern equine encephalomyelitis

A

T

33
Q

Viral equine encephalomyelitis is usually diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs

A

F

Clinical signs + season + geographical area

34
Q

In endemic countries vaccines are available against equine viral encephalomyelitis

A

T

35
Q

Some strains of Venezuelan horse encephalitis virus can be transmitted from horse to other hosts

A

T

36
Q

Vaccination of horses in the Americas is used to prevent togavirus infections.

A

T

37
Q

The Equine encephalitis virus may cause abortion

A

T

In humans YES
In horse NO

38
Q

The Eastern Equine Encephalitis is present in Japan and Korea.

A

F

Only in America

39
Q

Mosquitoes are the principal vectors of the Western Equine encephalitis.

A

T

40
Q

No characteristic gross pathology lesions are seen in Equine encephalitis caused by
Togaviruses.

A

T

41
Q

Eastern, Western and Venezuelan Equine encephalitis viruses are zoonotic agents.

A

T

42
Q

Togaviruses caused encephalomyelitis of horses occurs frequently worldwide.

A

F

Only in America

43
Q

The host range of horse encephalomyelitis togaviruses is wide.

A

T

44
Q

American horse encephalomyelitis most frequently cause clinical signs is birds, horses and humans.

A

F

Aysymptomatic in birds

45
Q

Humans are not susceptible to horse encephalomyelitis togaviruses.

A

F

46
Q

American horse encephalomyelitis viruses represent several types and subtypes

A

T

47
Q

Vectors of American horse encephalomyelitis Togaviruses are mosquitoes.

A

T

48
Q

Main means of control of American horse encephalomyelitis are mosquito control and vaccines

A

T

49
Q

Vaccines cannot be used to prevent Togaviruses caused encephalomyelitis of horse.

A

F

50
Q

An early sign of Eastern encephalomyelitis is biphasic fever

A

T

51
Q

Mainly ticks are the vectors of Equine encephalomyelitis viruses.

A

F

52
Q

Serological cross-reactions are seen between certain encephalomyelitis viruses.

A

T

53
Q

Equine encephalomyelitis viruses cause disease in horse populations worldwide.

A

F

54
Q

Equine encephalomyelitis outbreaks are usually emerging in summer or rainy seasons.

A

T

55
Q

After recovery from acute viral encephalomyelitis permanent lesions may remain in horses

A

T

56
Q

The equine encephalomyelitis viruses are zoonotic agents.

A

T

57
Q

Togavirus infections can unambiguously be diagnosed based on clinical signs and pathology.

A

F

Clinical signs + seasonality + geographic origin
No pathological lesions

58
Q

In Europe vaccination of horses against equine encephalomyelitis is compulsory.

A

F

59
Q

Togavirus infection results in abortion of horses

A

F

60
Q

Horse encephalitis occurs only in America

A

T

61
Q

Chikungunya virus is transmitted by the Asian tiger mosquito

A

T

62
Q

Chikungunya virus causes joint pains, fever, rash and haemorrhages in humans

A

T

Epidemiology - MIDTERM 2 (35 decks)

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