PQS - Flavivirus Flashcards
Serological cross reactions frequently occur between related flaviviruses
T
Flavivirus from distinct serotypes without serological cross-reactions
F
Many of the flaviviruses are zoonotic agents
T
Pestiviruses are zoonotic
F
Pestiviruses are arboviruses
F
Per os infection
Viruses of the Pestivirus genus are more resistant in the environment than the members of the Flavivirus genus
T
Yellow fever virus and Dengue virus are human pathogens
T
Flaviviruses are resistant to lipid solvents.
F
Louping ill is seen in cattle in North America
F
Occurence: British isles, scandinavia, greece, turkey and spain
Susceptibility: sheep, red grouse, humans and mammals
The louping ill was introduced to Australia to control rabbit population
F
The louping ill is seen in cattle in Great Britain and Scandinavia
F
The principle vector of the Louping ill virus is Rhipicephalus appendiculatus
F
Ixodes ricinus
Louping ill is present only in tropical and subtropical countries.
F
British isles, scandinavia, greece, turkey and spain
Louping ill is most frequently seen in sheep
T
Abortion and foetal malformations are the most typical signs of louping ill in sheep
F
The Louping Ill is seen in rabbits in Australia.
F
Louping ill is usually seen in rabbits.
F
Differential diagnoses of Louping-Ill: Listeria, Rabies, Scrapie.
T
Louping-Ill is a disease of swine.
F
Sheep
Louping ill occurs in the Far-East.
F
Louping ill is transmitted by mosquitoes and midges
F
Ticks
The tick borne encephalitis is endemic in central Europe
T
The main vectors of tick borne encephalitis virus are sylvatic mammalian species
F
Europe = Ixodes ricinus
Asia = Ixodes persulcatus
The tick borne encephalitis virus can be transmitted via consumption of raw milk
T
The consumption of raw goat milk is a possible source of human tick borne encephalitis
T
Biphasic fever is a characteristic of TBE
T
Together with FCV and EE
The Tick-borne encephalitis is widespread in North America
F
Consumption of contaminated, raw goat milk is a possible source of human tick-borne
encephalitis virus infection
T
Inactivated vaccines are used for the prevention of humans from tick-borne encephalitis
T
The main vectors of the tick-borne encephalitis virus are sylvatic mammalian species
F
Europe = Ixodes ricinus
Asia = Ixodes persulcatus
The main vectors of the tick-borne encephalitis virus are Hyalomma and Dermocentor species
F
Europe = Ixodes ricinus
Asia = Ixodes persulcatus
The tick-borne encephalitis virus is resistant to detergents
F
Weak resistance
Mainly birds develop tick-borne encephalitis
F
Tick-borne encephalitis is mainly seen in humans
F
Tick-borne encephalitis viruses are present only in tropical regions.
F
Inactivated vaccines are available against tick-borne encephalitis for humans.
T
The tick-borne encephalitis is widespread in North America.
F
Present in Europe
Tick-borne encephalomyelitis mainly occurs clinically in humans.
F
Mainly subclinical infections in humans
Tick-borne encephalomyelitis occurs throughout Europe and Asia.
T
Tick-borne encephalomyelitis exists as natural foci infections.
T
Ruminants are long term carries of tick-borne encephalomyelitis virus.
F
Tick-borne encephalomyelitis most frequently is seen clinically in ruminants
T
Occasionally tick-borne encephalomyelitis virus can be transmitted to humans via consuming raw milk.
T
Tick-borne encephalomyelitis occurs seasonally.
T
For humans inactivated tick-borne encephalomyelitis virus vaccines are also available.
T
Migratory birds play a role in the transmission of West Nile virus
T
Mammals are mostly accidental hosts of West Nile Fever virus
T
Horse, humand and mammals are INCIdental hosts, dead-end-hosts
West Nile Fever is a notifiable disease
T
In West Nile epidemics wild bird mortality is usually observed before horse and human cases
can be detected
T
To prevent West Nile Fever, vaccine is available for horses
T
The West Nile Fever can be diagnosed unambiguously by the clinical signs
F
Not only clinical signs, but with epidemiology and laboratory tests
The West Nile Fever virus infects mostly swine and cattle
F
Horse
The West Nile virus may cause encephalitis in humans and in horses
T
Horses and humans do not play a significant role in the transmission of West Nile virus
T
The West Nile fever epidemics occur usually at the end of summer and during Autumn
T
WNV typically causes reproductive problems in cattle
F
West Nile fever can be unambiguously diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs
F
West Nile Virus is only present in Africa
F
Fomites play the most significant role in the transmission of WNV
F
Wild birds are the natural hosts of West Nile virus
T
WNV causes central nervous signs in 80-90% of the infections
F
80-90% are subclinical
WNV outbreaks usually develop in the end of summer and in autumn
T
WNV cannot be isolated in cell cultures
F
Vaccines are available for the prevention of horses from WNV infections
T
For horses only: inactivated + recombinant
Horses are the reservoirs host of WNV
F
Different genetic lineages of West Nile virus are circulating in Europe.
T
Various strains of WNV, belonging to different genetic lineages are circulating in Europe
T
There is no vaccine available for humans against WNV infection yet
T
Mosquitoes are the principle vectors of the WNV
T
The weather does not influence the occurrence of WNV outbreaks
F
The sero-diagnostics of WNV is complicated by cross-reactions with related flaviviruses
T
Certain predatory bird species are particularly sensitive to WNV infections
T
Crow, birds of prey = sensitive
The use of repellents may reduce the risk of infection with WNV
T
The weather influences the emergence of West Nile Virus outbreaks, through its effect on
mosquito propagation dynamics.
T
Laboratory diagnosis should confirm the aetiology of West Nile encephalitis.
T
West-Nile fever practically is restricted to Africa.
F
The most important maintaining hosts of West Nile fever virus are water birds.
T
Clinical signs of West Nile fever are most frequently seen in birds, horses and humans
T
Neurological signs develop only in a small percentage of the diseased animals.
T
Less then 1%
West Nile fever occurs worldwide.
T
Vectors of West Nile fever virus are different mosquito species.
T
Detected in more than 60 species
The host range of West Nile virus is very wide.
T
Humans are not susceptible to West Nile disease virus.
F
The sero-diagnostics of West Nile virus is complicated by cross-reactions with related
flaviviruses.
T
The West Nile Virus is genetically uniform, but at least 15 serotypes are known.
F
9 genetic lineages are know
Certain predatory bird species are particularly sensitive to West Nile virus infections
T
The use of repellents may reduce the risk of infection with West Nile virus.
T
Fomites play the most significant role in the transmission of the West Nile Virus.
F
West Nile Virus typically causes reproductive problems in cattle.
F
There are no available vaccinations for humans against West Nile Virus yet.
T
only in horses
The principal vectors of the West Nile Virus are midges.
F
mosquitos
Different genetic lineages of West Nile Virus are circulating in Europe.
T
West Nile Virus mainly causes diarrhoea in sheep
F
Teeth grinding, ataxia
West Nile Virus causes central nervous signs in 80-90% of the infections.
f
80-90% are subclinical
West Nile Virus outbreaks usually develop in the end of summer and in autumn.
T
West Nile Virus cannot be isolated in cell cultures.
F
West Nile Virus is the only known zoonotic flavivirus.
F
The Japanese encephalitis virus causes abortion in swine
T
+ encephalitis in horses
it is a notifiable disease!!
The Wesselsbron disease causes meningoencephalitis in turkey
F
Susceptible species: sheep, human and other mammals
The yellow fever virus causes liver damages
T
The zika virus causes fever, rash and conjunctivitis in humans
T
