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Epidemiology - MIDTERM 2 > PQS - Flavivirus > Flashcards

PQS - Flavivirus Flashcards

1
Q

Serological cross reactions frequently occur between related flaviviruses

A

T

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2
Q

Flavivirus from distinct serotypes without serological cross-reactions

A

F

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3
Q

Many of the flaviviruses are zoonotic agents

A

T

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4
Q

Pestiviruses are zoonotic

A

F

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5
Q

Pestiviruses are arboviruses

A

F

Per os infection

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6
Q

Viruses of the Pestivirus genus are more resistant in the environment than the members of the Flavivirus genus

A

T

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7
Q

Yellow fever virus and Dengue virus are human pathogens

A

T

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8
Q

Flaviviruses are resistant to lipid solvents.

A

F

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9
Q

Louping ill is seen in cattle in North America

A

F

Occurence: British isles, scandinavia, greece, turkey and spain

Susceptibility: sheep, red grouse, humans and mammals

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10
Q

The louping ill was introduced to Australia to control rabbit population

A

F

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11
Q

The louping ill is seen in cattle in Great Britain and Scandinavia

A

F

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12
Q

The principle vector of the Louping ill virus is Rhipicephalus appendiculatus

A

F

Ixodes ricinus

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13
Q

Louping ill is present only in tropical and subtropical countries.

A

F

British isles, scandinavia, greece, turkey and spain

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14
Q

Louping ill is most frequently seen in sheep

A

T

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15
Q

Abortion and foetal malformations are the most typical signs of louping ill in sheep

A

F

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16
Q

The Louping Ill is seen in rabbits in Australia.

A

F

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17
Q

Louping ill is usually seen in rabbits.

A

F

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18
Q

Differential diagnoses of Louping-Ill: Listeria, Rabies, Scrapie.

A

T

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19
Q

Louping-Ill is a disease of swine.

A

F

Sheep

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20
Q

Louping ill occurs in the Far-East.

A

F

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21
Q

Louping ill is transmitted by mosquitoes and midges

A

F

Ticks

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22
Q

The tick borne encephalitis is endemic in central Europe

A

T

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23
Q

The main vectors of tick borne encephalitis virus are sylvatic mammalian species

A

F

Europe = Ixodes ricinus
Asia = Ixodes persulcatus

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24
Q

The tick borne encephalitis virus can be transmitted via consumption of raw milk

A

T

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25
Q

The consumption of raw goat milk is a possible source of human tick borne encephalitis

A

T

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26
Q

Biphasic fever is a characteristic of TBE

A

T

Together with FCV and EE

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27
Q

The Tick-borne encephalitis is widespread in North America

A

F

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28
Q

Consumption of contaminated, raw goat milk is a possible source of human tick-borne
encephalitis virus infection

A

T

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29
Q

Inactivated vaccines are used for the prevention of humans from tick-borne encephalitis

A

T

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30
Q

The main vectors of the tick-borne encephalitis virus are sylvatic mammalian species

A

F

Europe = Ixodes ricinus
Asia = Ixodes persulcatus

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31
Q

The main vectors of the tick-borne encephalitis virus are Hyalomma and Dermocentor species

A

F

Europe = Ixodes ricinus
Asia = Ixodes persulcatus

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32
Q

The tick-borne encephalitis virus is resistant to detergents

A

F

Weak resistance

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33
Q

Mainly birds develop tick-borne encephalitis

A

F

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34
Q

Tick-borne encephalitis is mainly seen in humans

A

F

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35
Q

Tick-borne encephalitis viruses are present only in tropical regions.

A

F

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36
Q

Inactivated vaccines are available against tick-borne encephalitis for humans.

A

T

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37
Q

The tick-borne encephalitis is widespread in North America.

A

F

Present in Europe

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38
Q

Tick-borne encephalomyelitis mainly occurs clinically in humans.

A

F

Mainly subclinical infections in humans

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39
Q

Tick-borne encephalomyelitis occurs throughout Europe and Asia.

A

T

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40
Q

Tick-borne encephalomyelitis exists as natural foci infections.

A

T

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41
Q

Ruminants are long term carries of tick-borne encephalomyelitis virus.

A

F

42
Q

Tick-borne encephalomyelitis most frequently is seen clinically in ruminants

A

T

43
Q

Occasionally tick-borne encephalomyelitis virus can be transmitted to humans via consuming raw milk.

A

T

44
Q

Tick-borne encephalomyelitis occurs seasonally.

A

T

45
Q

For humans inactivated tick-borne encephalomyelitis virus vaccines are also available.

A

T

46
Q

Migratory birds play a role in the transmission of West Nile virus

A

T

47
Q

Mammals are mostly accidental hosts of West Nile Fever virus

A

T

Horse, humand and mammals are INCIdental hosts, dead-end-hosts

48
Q

West Nile Fever is a notifiable disease

A

T

49
Q

In West Nile epidemics wild bird mortality is usually observed before horse and human cases
can be detected

A

T

50
Q

To prevent West Nile Fever, vaccine is available for horses

A

T

51
Q

The West Nile Fever can be diagnosed unambiguously by the clinical signs

A

F

Not only clinical signs, but with epidemiology and laboratory tests

52
Q

The West Nile Fever virus infects mostly swine and cattle

A

F

Horse

53
Q

The West Nile virus may cause encephalitis in humans and in horses

A

T

54
Q

Horses and humans do not play a significant role in the transmission of West Nile virus

A

T

55
Q

The West Nile fever epidemics occur usually at the end of summer and during Autumn

A

T

56
Q

WNV typically causes reproductive problems in cattle

A

F

57
Q

West Nile fever can be unambiguously diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs

A

F

57
Q

West Nile Virus is only present in Africa

A

F

58
Q

Fomites play the most significant role in the transmission of WNV

A

F

59
Q

Wild birds are the natural hosts of West Nile virus

A

T

59
Q

WNV causes central nervous signs in 80-90% of the infections

A

F

80-90% are subclinical

60
Q

WNV outbreaks usually develop in the end of summer and in autumn

A

T

61
Q

WNV cannot be isolated in cell cultures

A

F

62
Q

Vaccines are available for the prevention of horses from WNV infections

A

T

For horses only: inactivated + recombinant

63
Q

Horses are the reservoirs host of WNV

A

F

64
Q

Different genetic lineages of West Nile virus are circulating in Europe.

A

T

65
Q

Various strains of WNV, belonging to different genetic lineages are circulating in Europe

A

T

66
Q

There is no vaccine available for humans against WNV infection yet

A

T

67
Q

Mosquitoes are the principle vectors of the WNV

A

T

68
Q

The weather does not influence the occurrence of WNV outbreaks

A

F

69
Q

The sero-diagnostics of WNV is complicated by cross-reactions with related flaviviruses

A

T

70
Q

Certain predatory bird species are particularly sensitive to WNV infections

A

T

Crow, birds of prey = sensitive

71
Q

The use of repellents may reduce the risk of infection with WNV

A

T

72
Q

The weather influences the emergence of West Nile Virus outbreaks, through its effect on
mosquito propagation dynamics.

A

T

73
Q

Laboratory diagnosis should confirm the aetiology of West Nile encephalitis.

A

T

74
Q

West-Nile fever practically is restricted to Africa.

A

F

75
Q

The most important maintaining hosts of West Nile fever virus are water birds.

A

T

76
Q

Clinical signs of West Nile fever are most frequently seen in birds, horses and humans

A

T

77
Q

Neurological signs develop only in a small percentage of the diseased animals.

A

T

Less then 1%

78
Q

West Nile fever occurs worldwide.

A

T

79
Q

Vectors of West Nile fever virus are different mosquito species.

A

T

Detected in more than 60 species

80
Q

The host range of West Nile virus is very wide.

A

T

81
Q

Humans are not susceptible to West Nile disease virus.

A

F

82
Q

The sero-diagnostics of West Nile virus is complicated by cross-reactions with related
flaviviruses.

A

T

82
Q

The West Nile Virus is genetically uniform, but at least 15 serotypes are known.

A

F

9 genetic lineages are know

83
Q

Certain predatory bird species are particularly sensitive to West Nile virus infections

A

T

84
Q

The use of repellents may reduce the risk of infection with West Nile virus.

A

T

85
Q

Fomites play the most significant role in the transmission of the West Nile Virus.

A

F

86
Q

West Nile Virus typically causes reproductive problems in cattle.

A

F

87
Q

There are no available vaccinations for humans against West Nile Virus yet.

A

T

only in horses

88
Q

The principal vectors of the West Nile Virus are midges.

A

F

mosquitos

89
Q

Different genetic lineages of West Nile Virus are circulating in Europe.

A

T

90
Q

West Nile Virus mainly causes diarrhoea in sheep

A

F

Teeth grinding, ataxia

91
Q

West Nile Virus causes central nervous signs in 80-90% of the infections.

A

f

80-90% are subclinical

92
Q

West Nile Virus outbreaks usually develop in the end of summer and in autumn.

A

T

93
Q

West Nile Virus cannot be isolated in cell cultures.

A

F

94
Q

West Nile Virus is the only known zoonotic flavivirus.

A

F

95
Q

The Japanese encephalitis virus causes abortion in swine

A

T
+ encephalitis in horses

it is a notifiable disease!!

96
Q

The Wesselsbron disease causes meningoencephalitis in turkey

A

F

Susceptible species: sheep, human and other mammals

97
Q

The yellow fever virus causes liver damages

A

T

98
Q

The zika virus causes fever, rash and conjunctivitis in humans

A

T

Epidemiology - MIDTERM 2 (35 decks)

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