Topic 4- Genetic diversity Flashcards

1
Q

Organisms of the same species have very similar genomes, but two individuals (even twins) will have differences between their 1.____ _______ _______

A

1.DNA base sequences

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2
Q

Define genetic variation

A

The small differences in DNA base sequences between individual organisms within a species population

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3
Q

Is genetic variation transferred from one generation to the next?

A

Yes

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4
Q

Define genetic diversity

A

number of different alleles of genes in a population

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5
Q

What results in the generation of new alleles and contributes to genetic diversity or the size of the gene pool?

A

Mutations

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6
Q

The new allele may be advantageous, disadvantageous or have no apparent effect on phenotype due to the fact that the genetic code is what?

A

Degenerate

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7
Q

True or false:New alleles are not always seen in the individual that they first occur in (They can remain hidden (not expressed) within a population for several generations before they contribute to phenotypic variation)

A

True

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8
Q

What needs to be present in order for natural selection to take place?

A

Genetic diversity

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9
Q

What do selection pressures increase?

A

the chance of individuals with a specific phenotype surviving and reproducing over others

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10
Q

What is meant by the fitness of an organism?

A

its ability to survive and pass on its alleles to offspring

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11
Q

What do organisms with higher fitness possess?

A

adaptations that make them better suited to their environment

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12
Q

Do populations with a larger or smaller gene pool more vulnerable to becoming extinct?

A

Smaller

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