Topic 1- Reactions and bonds Flashcards
What is a covalent bond?
the sharing of two or more electrons between two atoms
What is a nonpolar covalent bond?
When electrons are be shared equally
What is a polar covalent bond
When electrons are not shared equally
What does electronegative mean?
The attraction of an atom for electrons being shared
Why does each atom will form a certain number of covalent bonds
due to the number of free electrons in the outer orbital
Can double and triple bonds form after multiple electrons are shared?
yes
How does a covalent bond form?
When two monomers are close enough that their outer orbitals overlap this results in their electrons being shared
What happens after the covalent bond is formed?
polymerisation occurs (and / or a macromolecule forms)
When do condensation reactions occur?
when monomers combine together by covalent bonds to form polymers (polymerisation) or macromolecules (lipids) and water is removed
What happens during a hydrolysis reaction?
covalent bonds are broken when water is added
What are the type of covalent bonds in carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids?
Carbohydrates- glyosidic
Proteins-peptide
Lipid-ester
Nucleic acid- phosphodiester
