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Anatomy > Topic 13: Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Topic 13: Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

what does the lymphatic system include?

A

-one way network of lymphatic vessels
-lymph nodes (contain T and B lymphocytes)
-lymphoid cells, tissues, and organs (support)

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2
Q

what is the purpose of the t and b lymphocytes?

A

-to identify and remove bacteria, viruses, cancer cells

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3
Q

what are the major extracellular fluids in the lymphatic system?

A

-blood plasma (fluid in the blood) (small amount)
-interstitial fluid (surrounds tissue cells) (NOT BLOOD CELLS) (larger amount)
-lymph (inside lymphatic vessels (very small amount)

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4
Q

what systems does the lymphatic system support?

A

-cardiovascular system
-immune system

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5
Q

what is lymph?

A

-watery fluid
-basically just interstitial fluid that has been moved to a new location

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6
Q

what is the lymphatic systems main purpose?

A

-drain extra interstitial fluid from the tissue spaces and return it to the blood
-maintenance of blood volume

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7
Q

what is the circulation of lymph?

A

-enters lymphatic capillaries
-lymphatic capillaries connect to lymphatic collecting vessels
-lymphatic collecting vessels bring lymph to one of the two lymphatic ducts
-the lymphatic ducts bring lymph to the subclavian veins which return lymph to the cardiovascular system

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8
Q

what are along the lymphatic vessels? what is their purpose?

A

-lymph nodes
-filter lymph of bacteria and debris

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9
Q

where is lymph fluid transported so it can re-enter circulation after it is moved into the collecting vessels?

A

-one of two different ducts
-right lymphatic duct
-thoracic duct
-depending on location

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10
Q

what is the pathway of the right lymphatic duct?

A

-takes the lymph from the right of your head, chest, arm
-drains into the right subclavian vein to re-enter circulation

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11
Q

what is lymph named after it is returned to circulation?

A

-plasma

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12
Q

what is the pathway of the thoracic duct?

A

-takes the lymph from the entire left side of the body and below the ribs on the right side
-collecting vessels below the ribs will move to the cisterna chyli
-drains into the left subclavian vein to re-enter circulation

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13
Q

what type of pressure do lymphatic vessels work under? how does fluid move through the vessels?

A

-low pressure
-moves as a result of body movements (muscle contractions moving the fluid towards the heart)

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14
Q

what is the cisterna chyli?

A

-the most inferior portion of the thoracic duct
-NOT the starting point
-enlarged portion
-apart of the duct itself

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15
Q

does all lymph that goes through the thoracic duct enter the cisterna chyli?

A

-nope
-lymph will not go against the flow
-upper body portions enter the thoracic duct at the nearest spot
-only lower body portions will enter the cisterna chyli

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16
Q

what are the primary lymphatic organs and tissues?

A

-red bone marrow
-thymus gland

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17
Q

what occurs in the red bone marrow?

A

-lymphocyte stem cells arise
-site of B lymphocyte proliferation + maturation (mitosis)

18
Q

what occurs in the thymus gland?

A

-in the fetal stage lymphocyte stem cells will migrate here
-site of T lymphocyte proliferation + maturation (mitosis)

19
Q

what are the secondary lymphatic organs and tissues?

A

-lymph nodes
-spleen
-mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

20
Q

do the lymphocytes proliferate in the secondary organs and tissues?

A

-yes
-when infection occurs they will need to greatly increase numbers so they proliferate further upon the bodies need

21
Q

what are the high concentration locations of lymph nodes along the body?

A

-cervical (neck)
-axillary (armpit)
-inguinal (groin)
-pelvic
-intestinal

22
Q

what is the purpose of the spleen?

A

-filters the blood to remove pathogens (organisms that can cause disease like bacteria and viruses), old and defective blood cells, and cellular debris

23
Q

what is the purpose of MALT (mucosal associated lymphoid tissue)?

A

-trap and remove pathogens at points of entry within the body
-located in tonsils, the appendix, and other lymphoid tissues on mucous membranes
-essentially masses/accumulations of lymphoid tissue

24
Q

what are the 3 kinds of tonsils?

A

-pharyngeal - 1
-palatine - 2
-lingual - 1

25
Q

where are your pharyngeal tonsils located? what are they called when infected/swollen?

A

-in the posterior nasopharynx
-adenoids

26
Q

where are your palatine tonsils located?

A

-in the oropharynx

27
Q

where are your lingual tonsils located?

A

-the base (posterior portion) of your tongue

28
Q

which tonsils are most commonly removed/most likely to become infected?

A

-palatine tonsils

29
Q

what is the role of lymphatic vessels?

A

-collect about 10% of extracellular fluid (blood plasma + ISF) that leaks out of capillaries and return it to the blood (in the veins, going towards the heart)

30
Q

what is the role of lymph nodes? what do they contain that help them perform this function?

A

-cleanse lymph as it passes through the vessel network
-filtration system
-T and B lymphocytes (identify pathogens)

31
Q

what body fluid makes up a majority of the bodies weight?

A

-intracellular fluid (40%)

32
Q

what can exit the capillaries to form ISF?

A

-blood plasma

33
Q

what are the lymphatic capillaries? what roles do they have? what additional role do the lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine play?

A

-close ended vessels that project into the capillary beds within the cardiovascular system
-connect to larger lymphatic collecting vessels
-small intestine lymphatic capillaries play a role in fat absorption

34
Q

where do lymphatic collecting vessels carry lymph fluid? what is a special feature of them?

A

-carry lymph fluid away from tissues into either of the 2 lymphatic ducts
-have one way valves

35
Q

what are contained within the lymphoid tissues and organs? what is their purpose?

A

-contain many lymphocytes
-key role in the bodies immune system

36
Q

what is the purpose of the primary lymphoid organs and tissues?

A

-where lymphoid stem cells divide and mature
-become immunocompetent

37
Q

where will mature lymphocytes move?

A

-into the blood stream
-migrate to secondary lymphoid organs and tissues

38
Q

what is the purpose of the secondary lymphoid organs and tissues?

A

-to detect and remove pathogens
-proliferate lymphocytes further (when needed by the body)

39
Q

what are lymph nodes composed of?

A

-small masses of lymphoid tissue

40
Q

where is the spleen located?

A

-left side of the abdominal cavity just below the diaphragm next to the stomach

41
Q

what are examples of MALT?

A

-aggregated lymphoid nodules (peyer’s patches) in the small intestine
-tonsils (form a ring around the pharynx)

Anatomy (29 decks)

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