Topic 1: intro to anatomy Flashcards
what is anatomy?
-the study of internal and external body structures and the relationships between them
- ex: bone (internal) muscle (external)
what are the subdivisions for anatomy?
-gross anatomy
-microanatomy
what is considered gross anatomy?
-it is visible to the eye
-larger structures
-ex: bone, heart, stomach
-ex: body cavities (cranial, thoracic, abdominopelvic)
what is considered microanatomy?
-need a microscope to be seen
-smaller structures
-ex: cells and tissues
what is cytology?
the study of cells and their internal structures
what is histology?
-the study of tissues (groups of cells)
what are the levels of organization (simple to complex)
-chemical
-cellular
-tissue
-organ
-organ system
-organism
chemical level
-atoms, ex: hydrogen and oxygen
-molecules, ex: water
cellular level
-molecules form organelles which form cells
-all cells contain chemicals, but the function of each cell differs
-ex: rbc, neurons, and muscle cells
tissue level
-a group of similar cells with a common function
-4 major types
-as soon as there is more than 1 tissue, it is at the organ level
what are the 4 major tissue types?
-nervous
-muscle
-epithelial
-connective
what type of tissue is the first layer of defence in most systems?
-epithelial
-lines GI tract, hollow organs, and the skin surface
organ level
-2 or more different tissues
-working together for a common function
-ex: stomach (made up of all 4 tissues, function is digestion)
organ system level
-several organs that work together to accomplish a common goal/purpose
-ex: respiratory system (lungs, larynx, trachea, etc. function is respiration)
organism level
-all systems function together to maintain life
-ex: humans
