Togaviruses

Question 1

1) Togaviruses are strongly resistant to the environmental conditions

Answer 1

false

Question 2

2) Togaviruses are transmitted by mosquitoes

Answer 2

true

Question 3

3) The clinical appearance of togavirus infection is dose dependent

Answer 3

true

Question 4

4) Togaviruses cause airborne infection

Answer 4

false

Question 5

5) Togaviruses cause encephalomyelitis in horses in East-Asia and in Australia only

Answer 5

false

Question 6

6) Several togaviruses are zoonotic agents

Answer 6

true

Question 7

7) No vaccines are available against togaviruses

Answer 7

false

Question 8

1) Horse encephalomyelitis viruses are transmitted by ticks

Answer 8

false

Question 9

2) Abortion is the main clinical sign of togavirus infection results in abortion of horses

Answer 9

false

Question 10

3) The leading clinical sign of togavirus infection is the frothy nasal discharge

Answer 10

false

Question 11

4) Togavirus infection in horses results in hepatitis

Answer 11

false

Question 12

5) In the geographic distribution of equine togavirus migratory birds have an important role

Answer 12

true

Question 13

6) Rodents serve as reservoirs for the Western equine encephalomyelitis virus

Answer 13

true

Question 14

7) Rodents serve as reservoirs for Venezuelan horse encephalomyelitis virus

Answer 14

false

Question 15

8) Equine encephalomyelitis viruses are zoonotic

Answer 15

true

Question 16

9) Equine encephalomyelitis viruses can cause asymptomatic infections

Answer 16

true

Question 17

10) Horses encephalomyelitis vaccines defend against African horse sickness (cross protection)

Answer 17

false

Question 18

11) Birds serve as reservoirs for the Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus

Answer 18

true

Question 19

12) Equine encephalomyelitis viruses can cause lameness in horses

Answer 19

true

Question 20

13) Western equine encephalitis causes the highest mortality

Answer 20

false

Question 21

14) Equine encephalitis can be diagnosed easily by gross pathology

Answer 21

false

Question 22

15) In Venezuelan horse encephalitis enteric symptoms can be observed too

Answer 22

true

Question 23

16) Recovery from equine horse encephalitis induces immunity that lasts only 1 year

Answer 23

false

Question 24

17) Equine encephalitis vaccines are available only for humans

Answer 24

false

Question 25

18) An early sign of Eastern encephalomyelitis is biphasic fever

Answer 25

true

Question 26

19) Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus infects only horses

Answer 26

false

Question 27

20) Mosquitoes are the principle vectors of equine encephalomyelitis viruses

Answer 27

true

Question 28

21) Equine encephalomyelitis can cause abortion in human

Answer 28

true

Question 29

22) Wild birds are involved in the transmission cycle of eastern equine encephalomyelitis

Answer 29

true

Question 30

23) Ticks are involved in the transmission cycle of EEE

Answer 30

false

Question 31

24) Viral equine encephalomyelitis is usually diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs

Answer 31

false

Question 32

25) In endemic countries vaccines are available against equine viral encephalomyelitis

Answer 32

true

Question 33

26) Some strains of Venezuelan horse encephalitis virus can be transmitted from horse to other hosts

Answer 33

true

Question 34

27) Vaccination of horses in the Americas is used to prevent togavirus infections

Answer 34

true

Question 35

28) The Equine encephalitis virus may cause abortion

Answer 35

true

Question 36

29) The Eastern Equine Encephalitis is present in Japan and Korea

Answer 36

false

Question 37

30) Mosquitoes are the principal vectors of the Western Equine encephalitis

Answer 37

true

Question 38

31) No characteristic gross pathology lesions are seen in Equine encephalitis caused by Togaviruses

Answer 38

true

Question 39

32) Eastern, Western and Venezuelan Equine encephalitis viruses are zoonotic agents

Answer 39

true

Question 40

33) Togaviruses caused encephalomyelitis of horses occurs frequently worldwide

Answer 40

false

Question 41

34) The host range of horse encephalomyelitis togaviruses is wide

Answer 41

true

Question 42

35) American horse encephalomyelitis most frequently cause clinical signs is birds, horses and humans

Answer 42

true

Question 43

36) Humans are not susceptible to horse encephalomyelitis togaviruses

Answer 43

false

Question 44

37) American horse encephalomyelitis viruses represent several types and subtypes

Answer 44

true

Question 45

38) Vectors of American horse encephalomyelitis Togaviruses are mosquitoes.

Answer 45

true

Question 46

39) Main means of control of American borse encephalomyelitis are mosquito control and vaccines

Answer 46

true

Question 47

40) Vaccines cannot be used to prevent Togaviruses caused encephalomyelitis of horse.

Answer 47

false

Question 48

41) An early sign of Eastern encephalomyelitis is biphasic fever

Answer 48

true

Question 49

42) Mainly ticks are the vectors of Equine encephalomyelitis viruses

Answer 49

false

Question 50

43) Serological cross-reactions are seen between certain encephalomyelitis viruses

Answer 50

true

Question 51

44) Equine encephalomyelitis viruses cause disease in horse populations worldwide

Answer 51

false

Question 52

45) Equine encephalomyelitis outbreaks are usually emerging in summer or rainy seasons.

Answer 52

true

Question 53

46) After recovery from acute viral encephalomyelitis permanent lesions may remain in horses

Answer 53

true

Question 54

47) The equine encephalomyelitis viruses are zoonotic agents

Answer 54

true

Question 55

48) Togavirus infections can unambiguously be diagnosed based on clinical signs and pathology

Answer 55

false

Question 56

49) In Europe vaccination of horses against equine encephalomyelitis is compulsory

Answer 56

false

Question 57

50) Togavirus infection results in abortion of horses

Answer 57

false

Question 58

51) Horse encephalitis occurs only in America

Answer 58

false

Question 59

1) Chikungunya virus causes joint pains, fever, rash and haemorrhages in humans

Answer 59

true

Question 60

2) Chikungunya virus is transmitted by the Asian tiger mosquito

Answer 60

true