Togaviruses Flashcards
1) Togaviruses are strongly resistant to the environmental conditions
false
2) Togaviruses are transmitted by mosquitoes
true
3) The clinical appearance of togavirus infection is dose dependent
true
4) Togaviruses cause airborne infection
false
5) Togaviruses cause encephalomyelitis in horses in East-Asia and in Australia only
false
6) Several togaviruses are zoonotic agents
true
7) No vaccines are available against togaviruses
false
1) Horse encephalomyelitis viruses are transmitted by ticks
false
2) Abortion is the main clinical sign of togavirus infection results in abortion of horses
false
3) The leading clinical sign of togavirus infection is the frothy nasal discharge
false
4) Togavirus infection in horses results in hepatitis
false
5) In the geographic distribution of equine togavirus migratory birds have an important role
true
6) Rodents serve as reservoirs for the Western equine encephalomyelitis virus
true
7) Rodents serve as reservoirs for Venezuelan horse encephalomyelitis virus
false
8) Equine encephalomyelitis viruses are zoonotic
true
9) Equine encephalomyelitis viruses can cause asymptomatic infections
true
10) Horses encephalomyelitis vaccines defend against African horse sickness (cross protection)
false
11) Birds serve as reservoirs for the Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus
true
12) Equine encephalomyelitis viruses can cause lameness in horses
true
13) Western equine encephalitis causes the highest mortality
false
14) Equine encephalitis can be diagnosed easily by gross pathology
false
15) In Venezuelan horse encephalitis enteric symptoms can be observed too
true
16) Recovery from equine horse encephalitis induces immunity that lasts only 1 year
false
17) Equine encephalitis vaccines are available only for humans
false
18) An early sign of Eastern encephalomyelitis is biphasic fever
true
19) Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus infects only horses
false
20) Mosquitoes are the principle vectors of equine encephalomyelitis viruses
true
21) Equine encephalomyelitis can cause abortion in human
true
22) Wild birds are involved in the transmission cycle of eastern equine encephalomyelitis
true
23) Ticks are involved in the transmission cycle of EEE
false
24) Viral equine encephalomyelitis is usually diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs
false
25) In endemic countries vaccines are available against equine viral encephalomyelitis
true
26) Some strains of Venezuelan horse encephalitis virus can be transmitted from horse to other hosts
true
27) Vaccination of horses in the Americas is used to prevent togavirus infections
true
28) The Equine encephalitis virus may cause abortion
true
29) The Eastern Equine Encephalitis is present in Japan and Korea
false
30) Mosquitoes are the principal vectors of the Western Equine encephalitis
true
31) No characteristic gross pathology lesions are seen in Equine encephalitis caused by Togaviruses
true
32) Eastern, Western and Venezuelan Equine encephalitis viruses are zoonotic agents
true
33) Togaviruses caused encephalomyelitis of horses occurs frequently worldwide
false
34) The host range of horse encephalomyelitis togaviruses is wide
true
35) American horse encephalomyelitis most frequently cause clinical signs is birds, horses and humans
true
36) Humans are not susceptible to horse encephalomyelitis togaviruses
false
37) American horse encephalomyelitis viruses represent several types and subtypes
true
38) Vectors of American horse encephalomyelitis Togaviruses are mosquitoes.
true
39) Main means of control of American borse encephalomyelitis are mosquito control and vaccines
true
40) Vaccines cannot be used to prevent Togaviruses caused encephalomyelitis of horse.
false
41) An early sign of Eastern encephalomyelitis is biphasic fever
true
42) Mainly ticks are the vectors of Equine encephalomyelitis viruses
false
43) Serological cross-reactions are seen between certain encephalomyelitis viruses
true
44) Equine encephalomyelitis viruses cause disease in horse populations worldwide
false
45) Equine encephalomyelitis outbreaks are usually emerging in summer or rainy seasons.
true
46) After recovery from acute viral encephalomyelitis permanent lesions may remain in horses
true
47) The equine encephalomyelitis viruses are zoonotic agents
true
48) Togavirus infections can unambiguously be diagnosed based on clinical signs and pathology
false
49) In Europe vaccination of horses against equine encephalomyelitis is compulsory
false
50) Togavirus infection results in abortion of horses
false
51) Horse encephalitis occurs only in America
false
1) Chikungunya virus causes joint pains, fever, rash and haemorrhages in humans
true
2) Chikungunya virus is transmitted by the Asian tiger mosquito
true
