Mycobacteria Flashcards
1) Giant cells typically occur in tubercles
true
2) Mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause generalised tuberculosis in pigs
true
3) Mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause tuberculosis in humans
true
4) Facultative pathogenic mycobacteria can colonise only cold-blooded animals
false
5) Mycobacteria are facultative intracellular bacteria
true
6) Saprophytic and facultative pathogenic mycobacteria cannot colonise warm blooded animals
false
7) Facultative pathogenic Mycobacteria can only reproduce in the environment
false
8) Facultative pathogenic Mycobacteria can only colonize in warm-blooded animals
false
9) There is no antigen connection between facultative and obligate pathogenic mycobacteria
false
10) Pigs are resistant against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
false
11) Lympho-haematogenous spread of mycobacteria can be seen in the post primary phase of tuberculosis
false
12) There is a close antigen relationship between mycobacteria
true
13) Mycobacterium bovis can cause tuberculosis only in ruminants
false
14) Mycobacterium bovis can cause generalized tuberculosis in goats
true
15) Tuberculin is an extract made from broth culture of mycobacteria
true
16) The tuberculin contains antigens from mycobacteria
true
17) Tuberculin is the toxin produced by mycobacteria
false
18) Intra canalicular spread of mycobacteria can be seen in the post primary phase of tuberculosis
true
19) Antibodies against mycobacteria are detected in the tuberculin test
false
20) Facultative pathogenic mycobacteria can cause local lesions in pigs
true
21) Facultative pathogenic mycobacteria cannot cause tuberculosis
false
22) Mycobacteria are acid and alcohol fast bacteria
true
23) Mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause generalized tuberculosis in parrots
true
24) Fresh tuberculosis lesions in the lymph nodes are common the early generation
true
25) Mycobacteria can be stained with Ziehl-Neelsen staining
true
26) Mycobacteria cannot be stained
false
27) Obligate pathogenic mycobacteria can occur and replicate in the environment:
false
28) All mycobacteria species are obligate pathogenic
false
29) The resistance of mycobacteria is low, they die in the environment soon
false
30) Mycobacterium bovis can cause generalised tuberculosis in goats
true
31) Fresh tuberculosis lesions in the lymph nodes are common in the post primary phase
false
32) Mycobacteria are highly resistant thanks to lipids and waxes in the cell wall
true
33) Pigs are resistant against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
false
34) Mycobacterium bovis can cause generalized tuberculosis in badgers
true
35) Mycobacterium caprae can infect only goats
false
36) Tuberculosis lesions in the lymph node are common in the early generalization
true
37) The habitat of the obligate pathogenic Mycobacteria is the environment
false
38) Mycobacteria are obligate intracellular bacteria
true
39) Waxes can be found in the cell wall of Mycobacteria
true
40) Only Mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause tuberculosis in humans.
false
41) Neutrophil granulocytes can be typically found in tubercles
false
42) Necrosis can be seen in the tubercles
true
43) The habitat of saprophytic, facultative pathogenic Mycobacteria is the environment
true
44) Saprophytic, facultative pathogenic Mycobacteria cannot colonize mammals
false
45) The cell wall of mycobacteria contains mycolic acid
true
46) The tuberculin contains lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigens
false
47) The cell wall of mycobacteria contains large amount of lipopolysaccharide
true
48) Mycobacteria can replicate only in animals
true, should be false
mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in parrots
true
50) Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes generalized tuberculosis in badgers
false, should be true
51) Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in poultry
false
52) All mycobacteria can replicate in the environment
false
53) Mycobacterium bovis can cause tuberculosis in wild living ruminants
true
54) Mycobacterium bovis can cause tuberculosis in wild boars
true
55) If the increase of the thickness of the skin fold in the tuberculin test is 1.9 mm the reaction is positive
false
56) The skin intradermal tuberculin test is a Type IV. hypersensitivity reaction
true
57) Mycobacteria can survive in the environment only for a few days
false
58) Atypical mycobacteria can cause lesions in pigs
true
59) Mycobacteria caprae can infect cattle, other ruminants and swine
true
60) Saprophytic, facultative pathogenic mycobacteria cannot cause tuberculosis
false
61) Only cattle maintain bovine tuberculosis
false
62) Obligate pathogenic Mycobacteria can only reproduce in the infected body
true
63) Facultative pathogenic mycobacteria can cause tuberculosis in fishes
true
64) Mycobacteria are not resistant, they can survive in the environment for maximum of two days
false
65) Mycobacterium suis is the most frequent agent of tuberculosis of pigs
false
66) Facultative pathogenic mycobacteria can colonize the gut of pigs
true
67) Sometimes facultative pathogenic mycobacteria cause lesions in pig
true
68) Mycobacteria can survive in the environment
true
69) Mycobacteria cannot be cultured
false
70) Waxes and lipids in the mycobacteria are virulence factors
true
71) The agent of avian tuberculosis is an obligate pathogenic bacterium
true
72) Tuberculin test is an allergic test
true
73) Mycobacteria can be cultured, but their incubation time is long
true
74) Tuberculosis is diagnosed by detecting antibodies to M. bovis in the blood with ELISA.
false
75) The center of the tubercle is necrotized
true, in exudative lesions, not necessarily in proliferative lesions
76) The tubercle consists of histiocytes and foreign body giant cell
true
77) The causative agents of tuberculosis are obligate pathogenic bacteria
true
78) Köster staining is a special staining for Mycobacteria
false
79) Mycobacteria are highly resistant
true
80) Early generalization of mycobacteria occurs via lympho-hematogenous route
true
81) In dogs’ tuberculosis can be generalized
true
82) Late generalization can be characterized by lost resistance
true
83) In the tubercle, coagulation necrosis is seen
true
84) In the phase of early generalization Mycobacteria do not replicate in the lymph node
false
85) Mycobacteria are a worldwide disease
true
86) Chronic tuberculosis causes changes in the lymph node
false
87) Mycobacteria can be demonstrated from the discharge of sick animals by staining
true
88) Tuberculosis can be demonstrated earliest by ELISA
false
89) Tuberculosis can first be diagnosed by PCR
false
90) Tuberculosis can be diagnosed with certainty serology
false
91) Mycobacterium infection in pigs can be zoonotic
true
92) Mycobacterium spp. in swine can be caused by atypical mycobacteria
true
93) Mycobacteria in swine can be caused by M. bovis and produces localized lesions
false
94) M. tuberculosis is a common mycobacterium infection of pig
false
95) Sawdust bedding can predispose pigs to infection by facultative pathogenic mycobacteria
true
96) The habitat of pathogenic mycobacteria is the soil
false
97) The habitat of facultative pathogenic mycobacteria is the soil
false, shouldnt it be true?
98) Only cattle are susceptible to Mycobacterium bovis
false
99) Some facultative pathogenic Mycobacteria can cause tuberculosis in cold blooded animals
true
1) Mainly proliferative lesions can be seen in the late generalization phase of bovine tuberculosis
false
2) Bovine tuberculosis is sustained by infected animals
true
3) Fresh tuberculosis lesions in the lymph nodes are common in the early generalization
true
4) Infected cattle shed the agents of bovine tuberculosis in milk
true
5) Infected cattle shed the agents of bovine tuberculosis in tracheal discharge
true
6) Infection of cattle with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is frequently asymptomatic
true
7) The sensitivity of the intradermal tuberculin test is above 90% in cattle
true
8) If the tuberculin test is negative, it has to be repeated immediately
false
9) The tuberculin test in cattle can be false negative if the animal is infected with facultative pathogenic mycobacteria
false, false positive
10) The tuberculin test in cattle can be false negative if the animal is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis
false
11) The tuberculin test in cattle can be false negative if the animal is in the exhaust phase
true
12) The tuberculin has to be injected in the skin fold in the skin intra dermal test
true
13) The tuberculin test is used for the detection of infection of animals with mycobacteria
true
14) The intradermal tuberculin test is negative if the increase of the thickness of the skin is
1.8 mm and there are no local lesions or signs
true
15) The intradermal tuberculin test is positive if the increase of the thickness of the skin is
3.6 mm and there are local lesions or signs
true
16) The intradermal tuberculin test is negative if the increase of the thickness of the skin is
3.6 mm and there is no local lesions or signs
false
17) If the resistance of the animal is high, mainly exudative lesions of tuberculosis can be seen
false
18) In the case of bovine tuberculosis aerogenic infection is the most frequent way of infection
true
19) In the case of bovine tuberculosis always exudative lesions can be seen
false
20) Selection (test & slaughter) and generation shift methods can be used for eradication of bovine tuberculosis
true
21) Europe is free from bovine tuberculosis; bovine tuberculosis does not occur in Europe at al
false
22) Rifampicin is frequently used for the treatment of bovine tuberculosis
false
23) The thermal tuberculin test can be used in order to examine the organic reaction of bovine tuberculosis
true
24) The tuberculin test in cattle can be false negative if only short time (1-3 weeks) has passed since the infection
true
25) Positive reaction of the tuberculin test in cattle can be caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis
true
26) False positive reactions of the tuberculin test in cattle can be caused by infection with certain Corynebacterium species
true
27) Mycobacterium bovis is an agent of bovine tuberculosis
true
28) If the cellular immune reaction of cattle is weak, mainly exudative lesions of tuberculosis can be seen
true
29) Bovine tuberculosis cause mainly exudative lesions in calves below 1 month
false
30) In case of infection with mycobacterium bovis the reaction against bovine and avian tuberculin is about the same in cattle
false
31) Cough is a typical clinical sign of bovine pulmonary tuberculosis
true
32) Mycobacterium bovis and mycobacterium caprae belong to the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
true
33) The incubation time of bovine tuberculosis is 1-2 weeks
false
34) Mycobacterium bovis can cause generalized tuberculosis in pigs
true
35) The skin intradermal tuberculin test has to be read 24 hours after injection
false
36) Dermatitis nodosa is caused by mycobacterium bovis
false
37) Only aerosol infection occurs in the case of bovine tuberculosis
false
the skin intradermal tuberculin test can be repeated within a week if necessary.
false
39) Mycobacterium bovis can cause tuberculosis in humans
true
40) The primary complex of bovine tuberculosis is generally seen in the gastrointestinal tract
false
41) False positive reactions of the tuberculin test in cattle can be caused by pre-allergy
false
42) In the intradermal skin test for tuberculosis, other mycobacteria can cause false positive
true
43) The skin intra-dermal tuberculin test is a type IV hyper-sensitivity test
true
44) Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium caprae can cause bovine tuberculosis
true
45) The tuberculin skin test is positive if the skin thickness is 2mm and local signs such as severe oedema of the neck is present
true
46) In the exhaust phase of Tuberculosis, the tuberculin test can be false positive
false
47) The primary complex in bovine tuberculosis is mainly in the respiratory tract
true
48) The tuberculin test is inconclusive if the increase of the thickness of the skin fold is 3.2 mm and it is painful
false
49) The tuberculin test is negative for 3 weeks after infection
true
50) Cattle are vaccinated every year in order to prevent tuberculosis
false
The tuberculin reaction is positive if the increase of the thickness of the skin fold is 4.1
mm
true
52) If the increase of thickness of the skin fold in the tuberculin test is 4.1 mm, the reaction is inconclusive
false
53) If the positive tuberculin reaction is caused by facultative pathogenic mycobacteria the positivity will disappear after a few months
true
54) Cough is a frequent sign of bovine tuberculosis
true
55) Intestinal tuberculosis has no clinical signs in cattle
false
56) Badgers can infect cattle with Mycobacterium bovis
true
57) Vaccines are widely used to prevent bovine tuberculosis
false
58) Mycobacterium bovis cannot cause tuberculosis in pigs
false
59) Mycobacterium bovis can infect cage birds
true
60) Parallergy lasts lifelong in the case of cattle
false
61) Inhalation is the most frequent form of infection in the case of bovine tuberculosis
true
62) Parallergy results in false negative reaction in the tuberculin test
false
63) If the thickness of the skin is increased with 3.4 mm in the tuberculin test and local lesions are present, test is inconclusive
false
64) Tuberculotic cattle are treated with antibiotics for at least three weeks
false
65) The skin intradermal tuberculin test has to be read after 72 h.
true
66) If the intradermal tuberculin test is inconclusive, it has to be repeated within a week.
false
67) If the skin fold become 3 mm thicker in the skin intradermal tuberculin test and is painful, the test is positive
true
68) Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium can cause positive tuberculin reaction in cattle
true
69) At bovine tuberculosis the resistance of the infected animals effects the clinical manifestation
true
70) At most cases bovine tuberculosis has a rapid, acute progression
false
71) Bovine tuberculosis shows clinical signs mainly under the age of 6 months.
false
72) The main pathogen causing bovine tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis
false
73) Bovine tuberculosis only affects the lungs
false
74) Bovine tuberculosis is a zoonosis
true
75) Tuberculosis causes generalized disease by organic infection in cattle
true
76) Tuberculosis cannot infect cattle per os
false
77) Tuberculosis in cattle occurs especially in young animals.
false
78) Cattle tuberculosis can be diagnosed by serological methods
false
79) Cattle tuberculosis is always generalized
false
80) Tuberculosis in cattle is prevented with frequent vaccinations
false
81) Cattle are infected with M. bovis mainly per os and enteric tuberculosis is most frequent
false
82) Cattle infected with M. bovis will carry the bacterium for a maximum of 1 year
false
83) In intestinal tuberculosis, diarrhoea is the main clinical sign
true
84) In the case of bovine tuberculosis foetuses are generally not infected
true
85) Generation shift can be used for eradication of tuberculosis
true
86) Vaccination of 6-month-old calves with BCG vaccine will result eradication of tuberculosis
false
87) After infection with Mycobacterium bovis cattle remain lifelong carriers
true
88) The primary complex in cattle is generally in the lungs and the mediastinal lymph nodes
true
89) In cattle extrapulmonary tuberculosis does not occur
false
90) Late generalization is characterized by productive processes
false
chronic tuberculosis affects organs together with lymph nodes
true
92) The skin intradermal tuberculin test is negative if the thickness of the skin increased by
4.5 mm
false
93) Tuberculin test can detect about 50% of the infected animals
false
94) The skin intradermal tuberculin test is highly sensitive in cattle
true
95) The skin intradermal tuberculin test is negative if the thickness of the skin increased by
4.1 mm
false
96) In case of positive tuberculin reactions in a herd, movement restriction has to be implemented
true
97) The PPD-tuberculin (purified protein derivative) contains the antigenic abstract of the agent.
true
98) During the general tuberculin test we give the tuberculin SC or IV
false
99) General tuberculin test is used to trigger a hypersensitivity reaction
true
100) The general tuberculin test (name) is not really used now a days
true
101) The tuberculin test can be false negative in cattle within 3 weeks after infection
true
102) The intradermal tuberculin test can be: False positive in case of infection by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis
true
103) The intradermal tuberculin test can be: False negative in case of anergy.
true
104) The intradermal tuberculin test can be: False negative in case of pre-allergy
true
105) The intradermal tuberculin test can be: False negative in case of older, demarcated nodule
true
106) Tuberculin test is false negative in case of old, encapsulated lesions
true
107) Tuberculin test is false negative in case of pre-infection
true
108) At the end of the disease the probe/intradermal skin test can be negative
true
109) In other types of tuberculosis infections the intradermal tuberculin can be positive
true
110) Using the thermal tuberculin test, organic reactions can be increased
true
111) In case of para-allergic reaction we carry out the comparative tuberculin test. In case of para-allergic reaction we eliminate the positive animals immediately
true
112) In case of para-allergic reaction we perform a test-cut
false
113) In addition to para-allergic test we can carry out a gamma interferon test
true
1) In the case of avian tuberculosis, no tubercles are formed
false
2) Avian tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium gallinarum
false
3) Avian tuberculosis is a generalised disease
true
4) The most severe form of avian tuberculosis can be seen in 1-4 week old chicken
false
5) The agent of avian tuberculosis infects animals generally per os
true
6) Mycobacterium avium subsp avium causes tuberculosis in humans
false
7) Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium causes avian tuberculosis
true
8) Mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause generalized tuberculosis in parrots
true
9) The agent of avian tuberculosis can survive in the soil for several months
true
10) Drop of egg production is a clinical sign of avian tuberculosis
true
11) Clinical signs of avian tuberculosis can be seen in old birds
true
12) Poultry are widely vaccinated for the prevention of avian tuberculsosis
false
13) Avian tuberculosis is very frequent in large scale poultry farms
false
14) The causative agent of avian tuberculosis is a resistant bacterium
true
15) Avian tuberculosis is mainly seen in chicken below 2 months of age
false
16) In case of avian tuberculosis tubercles can be seen in liver and spleen.
true
17) Avian tuberculosis is treated with penicillin and tetracyclines
false
18) Only Mycobacterium avium subsp. Avium can infect birds
false
19) Avian tuberculosis has been eradicated in Europe
false
20) Avian tuberculosis can be typically seen in old, adult birds
false, shouldnt it be true?
21) Mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause clinical signs in some bird species
true
22) The agent of avian tuberculosis cannot survive in the environment, its resistance is low
false
23) Avian tuberculosis usually occurs at 6-8 weeks of age
false
24) Avian tuberculosis result in local processes
false
25) Avian tuberculosis can be diagnosed by slide agglutination or ELISA.
true
26) Avian tuberculosis is a common disease in large scale farms causing high economic losses
false
27) Waterfowl are more susceptible to avian tuberculosis
false
28) Crepitation during liver transection is characteristic for avian tuberculosis
false
29) Tuberculosis of poultry occur mainly in breeder flocks
true
30) Avian tuberculosis occur over 1 year of age
true
31) The tuberculin test is unreliable in poultry
true
1) The agent of paratuberculosis is a facultative intracellular bacterium
true, large number in lymphocytes, and also obligate pathogen
2) Paratuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis.
true
3) The agent of paratuberculosis is shed in the faeces
true
4) Aerosol infection is the main form of transmission of paratuberculosis
false, po mainly
5) The resistance of the agent of paratuberculosis is low, it cannot survive in the environment
false
6) Paratuberculosis occurs most frequently in pigs
false
7) Clinical signs of paratuberculosis can mainly be seen only in those cases that were infected in the first six months of life
true
8) Fibrinous pneumonia is a typical lesion of paratuberculosis
false
9) The agent of paratuberculosis is shed only after the appearance of the clinical signs
false
10) Postmortem lesions of paratuberculosis can be seen in the small intestine
true
11) The most severe clinical signs of Paratuberculosis can be seen in suckling calves
false
12) Lesions are seen in the lungs of animals infected with paratuberculosis
false
13) Paratuberculosis has been eradicated from Europe
false
14) The clinical signs of paratuberculosis is more severe in calves than in adults
false
15) Dyspnoea and nasal discharge are the main clinical signs of paratuberculosis
false
16) Paratuberculosis occurs mainly in the tropical and subtropical countries
false
17) The agent of paratuberculosis is shed in the faces and milk
true
18) The clinical signs of paratuberculosis are more severe in sheep than cattle
false
19) Paratuberculosis is seen in young calves
false
20) Lesions of paratuberculosis are localized in the small intestine
true
21) In the case of paratuberculosis tuberculi can be seen in the anterior lobes of the lungs
false
22) Paratuberculosis can be treated with polymyxins
false
23) Paratuberculosis is seen cows above 2 years of age
true
24) Lesions of the paratuberculosis are localized in the small and large intestine
true
25) In the case of paratuberculosis no tuberculi are seen
true
26) Weight loss is a typical sign of paratuberculosis
true
27) In paratuberculosis, the nodules are seen primarily in the large intestine
false
28) Paratuberculosis can be demonstrated by LST during early stages of infection
true
29) Paratuberculosis can be prevented by early vaccination of the calves
true
30) Paratuberculosis can be treated with penicillin and enrofloxacin.
false
31) Paratuberculosis can be prevented by vaccination
true
32) Paratuberculosis is believed to cause Chron’s disease
true
33) Young animals are resistant to paratuberculosis
false
34) Wasting is the main clinical sign
true… and diarrhea?
35) Paratuberculosis is also called Johne’s disease
true
36) It is a chronic disease with diarrhoea affecting mainly ruminants (CS: 2-5 years)
true
37) the disease paratuberculosis can develop in animals above 2 months
false
38) Paratuberculosis can be prevented by vaccination only in countries where it is eradicated
true, should be false?
39) In Paratuberculosis, nodules can be found in intestinum crassum
false
40) Young animals are more susceptible to paratuberculosis
false, should be true
41) Paratuberculosis virulence factor is phospholipase C
true
42) Paratuberculosis cause proliferative enteritis in small intestines
true
43) Cattle paratuberculosis shows more severe lesions than sheep/goat
true
