Retroviruses Flashcards
1
Q
1) Retroviruses carry an integrase enzyme.
A
true
2
Q
2) Malignant transformation of host cells is a typical effect of several retroviruses
A
true
3
Q
3) Retroviruses are enveloped, their resistance is low
A
true
4
Q
4) The reverse transcriptase transforms DNA of the retroviruses to mRNA
A
false
5
Q
5) Retroviruses are stable viruses; genetic changes are rare
A
false
6
Q
6) Retroviruses are euryxemic agents
A
false
7
Q
7) Retroviruses are frequently carried lifelong.
A
true
8
Q
8) Retroviruses are generally host specific viruses
A
true
9
Q
9) Mutation of retroviruses is very rare
A
false
10
Q
10) Immunosuppression is a typical effect of several retroviruses
A
true
11
Q
11) Retroviruses can integrate into the genome of host cells
A
true
12
Q
12) Reverse transcriptase is an important enzyme of retroviruses
A
true
13
Q
13) Retroviruses results in lifelong infection
A
true
14
Q
14) Retroviruses replicate mainly in the endothelial cells.
A
false
15
Q
15) Several retroviruses can cause malignant transformation in the hosts
A
true
16
Q
16) Retroviruses are generally species specific
A
true
17
Q
17) Retroviruses are generally resistant, they can survive in the environment for several weeks.
A
false
18
Q
18) Retroviruses frequently cause permanent infection
A
true
19
Q
19) Retrovirus has weak resistance
A
true
20
Q
20) Retrovirus has a wide host spectrum
A
false
21
Q
21) Retrovirus has a good immunogenicity
A
true
22
Q
22) Retrovirus infection is long-lasting
A
true
23
Q
23) Retroviruses show high host specificity
A
true
24
Q
24) Retroviruses are generally not carried for more than a month
A
false
25
25) Retroviruses generally cannot survive in the environment for a long time.
true
26
26) Retroviruses are enveloped viruses
true
27
27) Retroviruses transcribe their nucleic acid to DNA
true
28
28) Frequent genetic changes of retroviruses are common
true
29
29) Retroviruses carry reverse transcriptase enzyme
true
30
30) Retroviruses generally cause long, frequently life-long infection
true
31
31) Retroviruses are generally genetically very stable
false
32
32) The resistance of retroviruses is generally good, they survive in the environment well
false
33
33) Reverse transcriptase is produced by retroviruses
true
34
34) The nucleic acid of retroviruses can be integrated into the genome of the host cell
true
35
35) Retroviruses frequently cause immune suppression
true
36
36) Retroviruses are enveloped viruses
true
37
37) The host range of retroviruses is generally narrow
true
38
38) Reverse transcriptase converts RNA of retroviruses into DNA
true
39
39) Retroviruses are generally very stable viruses, mutations are exceptional in them
false
40
40) Retroviruses are generally shed in infected lymphoid cells
true
41
41) Certain retroviruses can cause proliferation of the lymphoid cells.
true
42
42) Retroviruses spread with infected lymphocytes
true
43
43) Retroviruses have a tegument or rind
false
44
44) You cannot multiply retrovirus artificially.
false
45
45) Retroviruses can incorporate into the genome
true
46
46) Retroviruses cannot spread from animal to animal
false
47
47) Retroviruses are widely distributed in Hungary
true
48
48) Retroviruses replicate mainly in endothelium cell
false
49
49) Retrovirus can replicate without helper retroviruses
true
50
50) Retroviruses can integrate the cellular genome
true
51
51) The resistance of retroviruses is low, they cannot survive in the environment for a long time
true
52
52) Retroviruses are generally good antigens
true
53
53) Retroviruses have own metabolic enzymes
true
54
1) Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected 1-4 months after infection.
true
55
2) Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected only for 1-2 months after infection
false
56
3) Maternal Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected only for 1-2 months
false
57
lymphosarcoma can be seen postmortem in the case of enzootic bovine leukosis
true
58
5) Generation shift is the only way of eradication of enzootic bovine leukosis
false
59
6) Enzootic bovine leukosis virus does not spread from animal to animal
false
60
7) Mild clinical signs can be seen in the incubation phase of enzootic bovine leukosis.
false
61
8) Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is not shed in the colostrum
false
62
9) Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be transmitted with blood
true
63
10) Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can spread from cattle to sheep, goats , and other ruminants
false, should be true
64
11) Enzootic bovine leukosis virus has uniform antigenic structure
true
65
12) In the case of Enzootic bovine leukosis the clinical signs appear at the age of 6-8 months
false
66
13) Enzootic bovine leukosis is carried lifelong
true
67
14) Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be transmitted in tracheal discharge
true
68
15) Enzootic bovine leukosis occurs only in Holstein Friesian cattles
false
69
16) Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can infect foetuses of pregnant animals
true
70
17) Enzootic bovine leukosis virus has several serotypes and subtypes
false
71
18) Enzootic bovine leukosis can spread by air within the herd
true
72
19) Enzootic bovine leukosis can spread by the veterinarian
true
73
20) Enzootic bovine leukosis virus cannot result tumour formation
false
74
21) Serological examinations cannot be used to the diagnosis of enzootic bovine leukosis.
false
75
22) Immune tolerance can happen in the case of enzootic bovine leukosis
true
76
23) Selection cannot be used for eradication of enzootic bovine
false
77
24) Bovine enzootic leukosis infect only bovine
false
78
bovine enzootic leukosis does not spread with excretion
false
79
26) Bovine enzootic leukosis spreads slow in the herd
true
80
27) Bovine leukosis virus causes seropositivity in latency period
true
81
28) Enzootic bovine leukosis the pre-tumour phase usually in 6-10 months old animals
false
82
29) Enzootic bovine leukosis during pre-tumour phase causes lymphocytosis
true
83
30) Bovine enzootic leukosis virus can be transmitted with lymphoid cells
true
84
31) Iatrogenic infection is frequent in the epidemiology of bovine enzootic leukosis
true
85
32) The target cells of the bovine enzootic leukosis virus are the T-lymphocytes
false
86
33) The typical signs of bovine enzootic leukosis can be seen in cattle under 1 year of age
false
87
34) Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected in the ELISA test
true
88
35) Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected in the milk.
true
89
36) Selection (test and slaughter) method cannot be used to eradicate enzootic bovine leukosis virus
false
90
37) Generation shift method cannot be used to eradicate enzootic bovine leukosis virus
false
91
38) Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is spreading horizontally in a cattle herd
true
92
39) Enzootic bovine leukosis virus cannot infect foetuses
false
93
40) Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is passed to newborn calves mainly with colostrum in endemically infected herds
false
94
41) By the end of the incubation phase the animals become seropositive leukosis virus
true
95
42) Tumours can be seen in about 90% of the animals infected with enzootic bovine leukosis virus
false
96
43) Antibodies in the milk against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected with ELISA
true
97
44) Tumours caused by enzootic leukosis virus generally appear at the age of 6 months
false
98
45) The infection with enzootic leukosis virus is detected by AGP and ELISA
true
99
46) Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is zoonotic
false
100
47) Enzootic bovine leukosis virus cannot cause intrauterine infection
false
101
48) The target cells of enzootic bovine leukosis virus are the B lymphocytes
true
102
49) Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is not shed by the infected animals
false
103
50) Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be transmitted with organic infection
true
104
51) Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be transmitted with per os infection
true
105
52) During incubation phase of bovine enzootic leucosis the animal become seropositive
true
106
53) PCR is used for the detection of bovine enzootic leucosis in immunotolerant calves
true
107
54) Bovine enzootic leucosis can be eradicated with selection
true
108
55) Bovine enzootic leucosis virus has several serotypes
false
109
56) There is no horizontal spread in the case of bovine enzootic leucosis
false
110
57) There is genetic predisposition in the case of bovine enzootic leucosis
true
111
58) Enzootic bovine leucosis occurs in all ruminant species
false
112
59) Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can infect cattle, pigs and horses
false
113
60) Iatrogenic infection can be important in the transmission of enzootic bovine leukosis virus.
true
114
61) Aerogenic infection occurs in the case of enzootic bovine leukosis virus
true
115
62) Enzootic bovine leucosis is spreading very fast in infected herds
false
116
63) Enzootic bovine leucosis virus can infect the foetus
true
117
64) Enzootic bovine leukosis occurs only in Holstein-Frisian cattle, other cattle races are resistant
false
118
65) Enzootic bovine leukosis has low resistance; it cannot retain its infectivity for a long time in environment
true
119
1) The most severe clinical signs of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis can be seen in lambs younger than 6 months
false
120
2) Antibodies of animals infected with ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus can be detected with ELISA
false
121
3) Adenocarcinoma can be seen postmortem in the case of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis
true
122
4) Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus is transmitted with tracheal discharge
true
123
5) Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus can be transmitted with contaminated objects to other farms
false
124
6) Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus can infect sheep, goats, and cattle.
false
125
7) Shedding large amount of nasal discharge is a typical clinical sign of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis
true
126
8) Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus replicates in lymphoid cells and causes viraemia
false
127
9) Metastasis are rare in the case of Ovine Pulmonary Adenomatosis
true
128
10) Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis occurs only in South Africa.
false
129
11) Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus has no onc-gene
true
130
12) Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis is prevented with inactivated vaccines
false
131
13) Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis spreads with nasal discharge
true
132
14) The primary replication site of OPA is in the mucosal cells of the intestines
false
133
15) Metastasis are frequently seen in parenchymal in the case of OPA
false
134
16) Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus is found in 2-4 months old lambs
false
135
17) Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus is replicating in the epithelium of the airways.
true
136
18) Tumours can frequently be seen in the liver and the spleen in the case of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis
false
137
19) Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis can be complicated by Pasteurella and Mannheimia strains
true
138
20) In the case of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis lesions are common in the liver.
false
139
21) Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus causes interstitial pneumonia
false
140
22) Lung adenomatosis causes usually dry cough
false
141
23) Lung adenomatosis causes a lot of metastasis.
false
142
ovine pulmonary adenomatosis has no antibody production
true
143
25) Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus results in malignant transformation of macrophages
false
144
26) Europe is free from ovine pulmonary adenomatosis
false, might be true
145
27) No antibodies to ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus can be detected in infected animals
true
146
28) Faces of infected animals contain large amount of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus
false
147
29) Tumour transformation of the epithelial cells happens in the case of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis
true
148
30) Jaagsiekte affects lambs of 3-6 months
false
149
31) Jaagsiekte virus can transform human cells
false
150
32) Jaagsiekte is only present in Africa.
false
151
33) Jaagsiekte causes metastatic abscess formation all over the body
false
152
1) Feline leukosis virus will be shed lifelong by infected cats
false
153
2) There are no vaccines for the prevention of feline leukosis
false
154
3) FOCMA antigen is a typical surface antigen of feline leukosis viruses
false, should be true
155
4) Feline leukosis virus can only be transmitted with saliva
false
156
5) Cats remain infected with feline leukosis virus lifelong
false
157
6) Feline leukosis is maintained by persistently infected cats
true
158
7) Feline leukosis virus can be transmitted by direct contact
true
159
8) Feline leukosis virus can cause horizontal and vertical infection
true
160
9) Vaccination of only seronegative cats is responsible against feline leukosis
true
161
10) Immunotolerant kittens can be born in the case of feline leukosis
true
162
11) Feline Leukosis can be eliminated in some cats
true
163
12) There are several subgroups of feline leukosis virus
true
164
13) Feline leukosis virus can cause immune tolerance
true
165
14) Feline sarcomatosis virus is a recombinant virus from feline leukosis virus and host DNA
true
166
15) Feline leukosis virus is uniform
false
167
16) In the saliva of cats is a high-titer of FeLV
true
168
17) Feline leukosis virus can cause protective immunity
true
169
18) In Feline leukosis, anaemia is an important sign
true
170
19) Cat leukosis virus can be diagnosed with PCR
true
171
20) There is no vaccine against Feline leukosis virus
false
172
21) Feline leukosis can infect dogs and cats
false
173
22) Asymptomatic infection cannot happen in the case of Feline leukosis
false
174
23) Feline leukosis virus is immunosuppressive
true
175
24) Feline leukosis virus is frequently spread with saliva
true
176
25) Feline leukosis virus can infect dogs, cats and wild living carnivorous animals
false
177
26) Feline leukosis is a very rare disease
false
178
27) Feline sarcomatosis is a defect virus.
true
179
28) Feline leukosis can cross the placenta
true
180
29) Infection with feline leukosis virus always appears in clinical signs
false
181
30) Feline leukosis virus is spreading by discharge of the infected animal
true
182
31) Persistently infected cats can shed the feline leukosis virus in high titres
true
183
32) Saliva of the animal contains large amount of the feline leukosis virus
true
184
33) Feline leucosis spreads by direct contact
true
185
1) Feline immunodeficiency virus causes persistent infection
true
186
2) Feline immunodeficiency virus is widespread
true
187
3) Feline immunodeficiency virus in cat could be asymptomatic
true
188
4) Feline immunodeficiency virus is spread by excretes
true
189
5) Feline immunodeficiency virus develops in 3 phases
true
190
1) Inactivated vaccines are used for the prevention of avian leukosis
false
191
2) Attenuated vaccines are used for the prevention of avian leukosis
false
192
3) Avian leukosis viruses have several subgroups
true
193
4) Tumours in the liver can be seen in the case of avian leukosis
true
194
5) Avian leukosis viruses cause horizontal infection
true
195
6) J subtype of avian leukosis virus is more virulent than the other ones
true
196
7) Avian leukosis can be diagnosed by detecting COFAL antigen
true
197
8) Lymphoid leukosis is the most frequent clinical form of avian leukosis
true
198
9) Avian leukosis viruses cause germinative infection
true
199
10) All avian leukosis viruses are oncogenic
true
200
11) Avian leukosis viruses a resistant, they can survive in the bedding for several weeks
false
201
12) Avian leukosis causes the malignant transformation of B lymphocytes
true
202
13) Avian leukosis virus occurs only in tropical and subtropical countries
false
203
14) Avian leuKosis virus can cause only lymphoid leukosis
false
204
15) Avian leukosis viruses can cause malignant transformation in different tissues
true
205
16) Germinative infection is an important way of transmission of avian leukosis virus.
true
206
17) Clinical signs of avian leukosis can be seen typically in broiler chicken
false
207
18) Osteopetrosis can be a clinical form of avian leukosis
true
208
19) Avian Leukosis virus is uniform
false
209
20) Every avian leukosis viruses is oncogenic
true
210
21) Avian leukosis virus cannot infect by germinative way
false
211
22) Avian leukosis virus infects B lymphocytes
true
212
23) Infection of poultry herds with avian leukosis virus is widespread
true
213
24) Clinical signs of avian leukosis generally appear in day old chicken.
false
214
25) Lymphoid leukosis is the most frequent form of avian leukosis
true
215
26) The main way of prevention of avian leukosis is vaccination using attenuated strains
false
216
27) Avian leukosis viruses are shed in the faeces
true
217
28) There is no germinative infection in the case of avian leukosis viruses
false
218
29) The target cells of the avian leukosis viruses are the B lymphocytes
true
219
30) There are several subgroups of avian leukosis viruses
true
220
31) All avian leukosis viruses cause malignant transformation of the host cells
true
221
32) In a flock infected with avian leukosis virus generally 50-60% of the animals have tumours
false
222
33) Detection of COFAL antigen is a frequent way of diagnosis of avian leukosis
true
223
34) Avian leukosis is seen during the first week of life in chicken
false
224
35) There are resistant lines to avian leukosis
true
225
36) Proportion of the animals with tumours is low, 1-4% in the case of avian leukosis
true
226
37) Inactivated vaccines are widely used in order to prevent avian leukosis
false
227
38) Tumours can be seen in different parenchymal organs in the case of avian leukosis
true
228
39) T-lymphocytes are the target cell of the avian leukosis virus.
false
229
40) Avian leucosis and sarcoma infections are very common.
true
230
41) Avian leucosis can be caused by different retroviruses
true
231
42) Congenital transmission of avian leucosis results in immune tolerance.
true
232
1) Reticuloendotheliosis is caused by J type of avian leukosis virus
false
233
2) Germinative infection can happen in the case of Reticuloendotheliosis
true
234
3) Reticuloendotheliosis virus is shed in the faces
true
235
4) Reticuloendotheliosis virus can cause germinative infection
true
236
5) Stunted growth is a clinical sign of reticuloendotheliosis
true
237
6) Reticuloendotheliosis is prevented by vaccination of the parent animals
false
238
7) Immunosuppression is common in the case of Reticuloendotheliosis
true
239
8) Retardation is a clinical sign of Reticuloendotheliosis
true
240
9) Wide vaccination is used to prevent Reticuloendotheliosis
false
241
in the case of reticuloendotheliosis immunotolerant chicken can be hatched
true
242
11) Pneumonia is a typical lesion of reticuloendotheliosis
false
243
12) In the case of reticuloendotheliosis tumors can be found in the parenchymal organs
true
244
13) Avian reticuloendotheliosis may be similar in appearance to Marek ́s disease
true
245
1) Clinical signs of maedi visna are more severe in young animals than in adults
false
246
2) Heavy nasal discharge is a clinical sign of maedi
false
247
3) The maedi virus and the visna virus are related but they can be differentiated with PCR
false
248
4) Interstitial pneumonia is the main postmortem lesion of visna
false
249
5) Interstitial pneumonia is the main postmortem lesion of Maedi
true
250
6) Maedi and visna are caused by the same virus
true
251
7) Maedi-visna virus is shed in tracheal discharge and milk
true
252
8) Maedi-visna is maintained by persistently infected sheep
true
253
9) Weakness of the hinder legs is a clinical sign of visna
true
254
10) Inactivated and attenuated vaccines are widely used for the prevention of maedi-visna
false
255
11) Clinical signs of maedi can be seen in sheep above 3-4 years of age
true
256
12) Maedi-visna can occur in sheep, goats, and cattle
false
257
13) Europe is already free from maedi-visna
false
258
14) Maedi/visna is spreading slowly in the flock
true
259
15) Maedi/visna virus is shed in the milk.
true
260
16) Maedi is seen in 3-4 years old sheep
true
261
17) Large amount of mucoid nasal discharge is typical in the case of maedi
false
262
18) Maedi/visna spreads from sheep to other animals
true
263
19) Maedi/visna virus is shed in nasal discharge, respiratory secretions and milk.
true
264
20) Clinical sign of maedi/visna appear from the age of 6-8 months
false
265
21) Meadi/visna most important clinical sign is profuse diarrhoea
false
266
22) Maedi/visna virus is shed only in tracheal discharge
false
267
23) Clinical signs of maedi are mainly seen in lambs below half a year of age
false
268
24) Maedi/visna virus causes interstitial pneumonia in sheep
true
269
25) Clinical signs of the central nervous system can be seen in the case of visna.
true
270
26) Maedi/visna virus causes viraemia
true
271
27) Wet cough and intensive nasal discharge are typical signs of maedi.
false
272
28) De-myelinization is the reason for the clinical signs of visna
true
273
29) Attenuated vaccines are widely used to prevent maedi/visn a
false
274
30) Maedi appears in Hungary
true
275
31) Maedi is spreading fast
false
276
32) In order to eradicate maedi/visna infected ewes have to be culled with their lambs
false, should be true
277
33) Clinical sign of maedi/visna appear from the age of 6 months
false
278
34) Maedi/visna virus is shed only in the tracheal discharge
false
279
35) Clinical signs of maedi are generally seen above 3-4 years of age.
true
280
1) Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus can cause persistent infection
true
281
2) Sheep are resistant against caprine arthritis encephalitis virus
false
282
3) Arthritis caused by caprine arthritis encephalitis virus is mainly seen in lambs
false
283
4) Encephalitis caused by caprine arthritis encephalitis virus is generally seen in 2-4 month old kids
true
284
5) Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus can be transmitted by milk
true
285
6) There is intensive vaccination against Caprine arthritis encephalitis in endemic countries
false
286
7) Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus is more frequent in dairy goats than in rural breeds
true
287
8) Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus is shed in the milk
true
288
9) In the case of caprine arthritis encephalitis the signs of encephalitis can be seen in 2-4 months old kids
true
289
10) In the case of caprine arthritis encephalitis, arthritis is less frequent than encephalitis
false
290
11) Kids are recommended to be isolated in a herd where caprine arthritis encephalitis is present
true
291
12) Kids can be infected with caprine arthritis encephalitis virus through the milk.
true
292
13) Arthritis caused by caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus is typically seen in kids below half a year of age
false
293
14) Caprine arthritis encephalitis is characterized by CNS signs in young goats
true
294
15) Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus replicates in the intestinal tract
false
295
1) Equine infectious anaemia virus is transmitted with blood of the infected animals
true
296
2) Blood sucking arthropods can transmit Equine infectious anaemia virus
true
297
3) Mosquitoes are the main vectors of equine infectious anaemia virus; the virus can replicate in them
false
298
4) Agar gel diffusion test is used to detect antibodies against equine infectious anaemia
true
299
5) Equine infectious anaemia is an acute disease; it does not have a chronic form
false
300
6) Iatrogenic transmission of Equine infectious anaemia can happen
true
301
7) Equine infectious anaemia virus can damage the bone marrow
true
302
8) There are no vaccines for the prevention of equine infectious anaemia
true
303
9) Equine infectious anaemia virus is more resistant than other retroviruses.
true
304
10) Equine infectious anaemia virus disappears from animals after the viraemia
false
305
11) Fever is a major clinical sign of equine infectious anaemia
true
306
12) Equine infectious anaemia virus is resistant, it can survive several months in the environment
true
307
13) Only Equidae are susceptible to equine infectious anaemia virus
true
308
14) Ticks are vectors of equine infectious anaemia virus
false
309
15) Febrile waves can be seen in equine infectious anaemias.
true
310
16) Equine infectious anaemia is a vector borne disease
true
311
17) Equine infectious anaemia virus causes persistent infection
true
312
18) There is no immune reaction in the case of equine infectious anaemia
false
313
19) Equine infectious anaemia is zoonotic
false
314
20) Equine infectious anaemia is caused by a lentivirus
true
315
21) Blood sucking arthropods are mechanical vectors of equine infectious anaemia virus
true
316
22) Agar gel precipitation test can be used to the detection of antibodies against equine infectious anaemia virus
true
317
23) Equine infectious anaemia can damage the medulla of the bone
true
318
24) Equine infectious anaemia has a weak resistance
false
319
25) You cannot diagnose Equine infectious anaemia with serology
false
320
26) The resistance of equine infectious anaemia is very low
false
321
27) Horses and cattle are susceptible to equine infectious anaemia virus.
false
322
28) In the case of equine infectious anaemia, haemorrhages cannot be seen
false
323
29) Animals infected with equine infectious anaemia virus are lifelong carriers
true
324
30) Equine infectious anaemia virus is mainly transmitted with tracheal discharge
false
325
31) Attenuated vaccines are used for the prevention of equine infectious anaemia
false
326
32) Equine infectious anaemia can be asymptomatic
true
327
33) Equine infectious anaemia may cause recurrent fever in horses
true
328
34) Horseflies are mechanical vectors equine anaemia virus
true
329
35) Equine anaemia is a notifiable disease
true
