Retroviruses Flashcards
1) Retroviruses carry an integrase enzyme.
true
2) Malignant transformation of host cells is a typical effect of several retroviruses
true
3) Retroviruses are enveloped, their resistance is low
true
4) The reverse transcriptase transforms DNA of the retroviruses to mRNA
false
5) Retroviruses are stable viruses; genetic changes are rare
false
6) Retroviruses are euryxemic agents
false
7) Retroviruses are frequently carried lifelong.
true
8) Retroviruses are generally host specific viruses
true
9) Mutation of retroviruses is very rare
false
10) Immunosuppression is a typical effect of several retroviruses
true
11) Retroviruses can integrate into the genome of host cells
true
12) Reverse transcriptase is an important enzyme of retroviruses
true
13) Retroviruses results in lifelong infection
true
14) Retroviruses replicate mainly in the endothelial cells.
false
15) Several retroviruses can cause malignant transformation in the hosts
true
16) Retroviruses are generally species specific
true
17) Retroviruses are generally resistant, they can survive in the environment for several weeks.
false
18) Retroviruses frequently cause permanent infection
true
19) Retrovirus has weak resistance
true
20) Retrovirus has a wide host spectrum
false
21) Retrovirus has a good immunogenicity
true
22) Retrovirus infection is long-lasting
true
23) Retroviruses show high host specificity
true
24) Retroviruses are generally not carried for more than a month
false
25) Retroviruses generally cannot survive in the environment for a long time.
true
26) Retroviruses are enveloped viruses
true
27) Retroviruses transcribe their nucleic acid to DNA
true
28) Frequent genetic changes of retroviruses are common
true
29) Retroviruses carry reverse transcriptase enzyme
true
30) Retroviruses generally cause long, frequently life-long infection
true
31) Retroviruses are generally genetically very stable
false
32) The resistance of retroviruses is generally good, they survive in the environment well
false
33) Reverse transcriptase is produced by retroviruses
true
34) The nucleic acid of retroviruses can be integrated into the genome of the host cell
true
35) Retroviruses frequently cause immune suppression
true
36) Retroviruses are enveloped viruses
true
37) The host range of retroviruses is generally narrow
true
38) Reverse transcriptase converts RNA of retroviruses into DNA
true
39) Retroviruses are generally very stable viruses, mutations are exceptional in them
false
40) Retroviruses are generally shed in infected lymphoid cells
true
41) Certain retroviruses can cause proliferation of the lymphoid cells.
true
42) Retroviruses spread with infected lymphocytes
true
43) Retroviruses have a tegument or rind
false
44) You cannot multiply retrovirus artificially.
false
45) Retroviruses can incorporate into the genome
true
46) Retroviruses cannot spread from animal to animal
false
47) Retroviruses are widely distributed in Hungary
true
48) Retroviruses replicate mainly in endothelium cell
false
49) Retrovirus can replicate without helper retroviruses
true
50) Retroviruses can integrate the cellular genome
true
51) The resistance of retroviruses is low, they cannot survive in the environment for a long time
true
52) Retroviruses are generally good antigens
true
53) Retroviruses have own metabolic enzymes
true
1) Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected 1-4 months after infection.
true
2) Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected only for 1-2 months after infection
false
3) Maternal Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected only for 1-2 months
false
lymphosarcoma can be seen postmortem in the case of enzootic bovine leukosis
true
5) Generation shift is the only way of eradication of enzootic bovine leukosis
false
6) Enzootic bovine leukosis virus does not spread from animal to animal
false
7) Mild clinical signs can be seen in the incubation phase of enzootic bovine leukosis.
false
8) Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is not shed in the colostrum
false
9) Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be transmitted with blood
true
10) Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can spread from cattle to sheep, goats , and other ruminants
false, should be true
11) Enzootic bovine leukosis virus has uniform antigenic structure
true
12) In the case of Enzootic bovine leukosis the clinical signs appear at the age of 6-8 months
false
13) Enzootic bovine leukosis is carried lifelong
true
14) Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be transmitted in tracheal discharge
true
15) Enzootic bovine leukosis occurs only in Holstein Friesian cattles
false
16) Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can infect foetuses of pregnant animals
true
17) Enzootic bovine leukosis virus has several serotypes and subtypes
false
18) Enzootic bovine leukosis can spread by air within the herd
true
19) Enzootic bovine leukosis can spread by the veterinarian
true
20) Enzootic bovine leukosis virus cannot result tumour formation
false
21) Serological examinations cannot be used to the diagnosis of enzootic bovine leukosis.
false
22) Immune tolerance can happen in the case of enzootic bovine leukosis
true
23) Selection cannot be used for eradication of enzootic bovine
false
24) Bovine enzootic leukosis infect only bovine
false
bovine enzootic leukosis does not spread with excretion
false
26) Bovine enzootic leukosis spreads slow in the herd
true
27) Bovine leukosis virus causes seropositivity in latency period
true
28) Enzootic bovine leukosis the pre-tumour phase usually in 6-10 months old animals
false
29) Enzootic bovine leukosis during pre-tumour phase causes lymphocytosis
true
30) Bovine enzootic leukosis virus can be transmitted with lymphoid cells
true
31) Iatrogenic infection is frequent in the epidemiology of bovine enzootic leukosis
true
32) The target cells of the bovine enzootic leukosis virus are the T-lymphocytes
false
33) The typical signs of bovine enzootic leukosis can be seen in cattle under 1 year of age
false
34) Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected in the ELISA test
true
35) Antibodies against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected in the milk.
true
36) Selection (test and slaughter) method cannot be used to eradicate enzootic bovine leukosis virus
false
37) Generation shift method cannot be used to eradicate enzootic bovine leukosis virus
false
38) Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is spreading horizontally in a cattle herd
true
39) Enzootic bovine leukosis virus cannot infect foetuses
false
40) Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is passed to newborn calves mainly with colostrum in endemically infected herds
false
41) By the end of the incubation phase the animals become seropositive leukosis virus
true
42) Tumours can be seen in about 90% of the animals infected with enzootic bovine leukosis virus
false
43) Antibodies in the milk against enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be detected with ELISA
true
44) Tumours caused by enzootic leukosis virus generally appear at the age of 6 months
false
45) The infection with enzootic leukosis virus is detected by AGP and ELISA
true
46) Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is zoonotic
false
47) Enzootic bovine leukosis virus cannot cause intrauterine infection
false
48) The target cells of enzootic bovine leukosis virus are the B lymphocytes
true
49) Enzootic bovine leukosis virus is not shed by the infected animals
false
50) Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be transmitted with organic infection
true
51) Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can be transmitted with per os infection
true
52) During incubation phase of bovine enzootic leucosis the animal become seropositive
true
53) PCR is used for the detection of bovine enzootic leucosis in immunotolerant calves
true
54) Bovine enzootic leucosis can be eradicated with selection
true
55) Bovine enzootic leucosis virus has several serotypes
false
56) There is no horizontal spread in the case of bovine enzootic leucosis
false
57) There is genetic predisposition in the case of bovine enzootic leucosis
true
58) Enzootic bovine leucosis occurs in all ruminant species
false
59) Enzootic bovine leukosis virus can infect cattle, pigs and horses
false
60) Iatrogenic infection can be important in the transmission of enzootic bovine leukosis virus.
true
61) Aerogenic infection occurs in the case of enzootic bovine leukosis virus
true
62) Enzootic bovine leucosis is spreading very fast in infected herds
false
63) Enzootic bovine leucosis virus can infect the foetus
true
64) Enzootic bovine leukosis occurs only in Holstein-Frisian cattle, other cattle races are resistant
false
65) Enzootic bovine leukosis has low resistance; it cannot retain its infectivity for a long time in environment
true
1) The most severe clinical signs of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis can be seen in lambs younger than 6 months
false
2) Antibodies of animals infected with ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus can be detected with ELISA
false
3) Adenocarcinoma can be seen postmortem in the case of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis
true
4) Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus is transmitted with tracheal discharge
true
5) Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus can be transmitted with contaminated objects to other farms
false
6) Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus can infect sheep, goats, and cattle.
false
7) Shedding large amount of nasal discharge is a typical clinical sign of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis
true
8) Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus replicates in lymphoid cells and causes viraemia
false
9) Metastasis are rare in the case of Ovine Pulmonary Adenomatosis
true
10) Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis occurs only in South Africa.
false
11) Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus has no onc-gene
true
12) Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis is prevented with inactivated vaccines
false
13) Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis spreads with nasal discharge
true
14) The primary replication site of OPA is in the mucosal cells of the intestines
false
15) Metastasis are frequently seen in parenchymal in the case of OPA
false
16) Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus is found in 2-4 months old lambs
false
17) Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus is replicating in the epithelium of the airways.
true
18) Tumours can frequently be seen in the liver and the spleen in the case of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis
false
19) Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis can be complicated by Pasteurella and Mannheimia strains
true
20) In the case of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis lesions are common in the liver.
false
21) Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus causes interstitial pneumonia
false
22) Lung adenomatosis causes usually dry cough
false
23) Lung adenomatosis causes a lot of metastasis.
false
ovine pulmonary adenomatosis has no antibody production
true
25) Ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus results in malignant transformation of macrophages
false
26) Europe is free from ovine pulmonary adenomatosis
false, might be true
27) No antibodies to ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus can be detected in infected animals
true
28) Faces of infected animals contain large amount of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis virus
false
29) Tumour transformation of the epithelial cells happens in the case of ovine pulmonary adenomatosis
true
30) Jaagsiekte affects lambs of 3-6 months
false
31) Jaagsiekte virus can transform human cells
false
32) Jaagsiekte is only present in Africa.
false
33) Jaagsiekte causes metastatic abscess formation all over the body
false
1) Feline leukosis virus will be shed lifelong by infected cats
false
2) There are no vaccines for the prevention of feline leukosis
false
3) FOCMA antigen is a typical surface antigen of feline leukosis viruses
false, should be true
4) Feline leukosis virus can only be transmitted with saliva
false
5) Cats remain infected with feline leukosis virus lifelong
false
6) Feline leukosis is maintained by persistently infected cats
true
7) Feline leukosis virus can be transmitted by direct contact
true
8) Feline leukosis virus can cause horizontal and vertical infection
true
9) Vaccination of only seronegative cats is responsible against feline leukosis
true
10) Immunotolerant kittens can be born in the case of feline leukosis
true
11) Feline Leukosis can be eliminated in some cats
true
12) There are several subgroups of feline leukosis virus
true
13) Feline leukosis virus can cause immune tolerance
true
14) Feline sarcomatosis virus is a recombinant virus from feline leukosis virus and host DNA
true
15) Feline leukosis virus is uniform
false
16) In the saliva of cats is a high-titer of FeLV
true
17) Feline leukosis virus can cause protective immunity
true
18) In Feline leukosis, anaemia is an important sign
true
19) Cat leukosis virus can be diagnosed with PCR
true
20) There is no vaccine against Feline leukosis virus
false
21) Feline leukosis can infect dogs and cats
false
22) Asymptomatic infection cannot happen in the case of Feline leukosis
false
23) Feline leukosis virus is immunosuppressive
true
24) Feline leukosis virus is frequently spread with saliva
true
25) Feline leukosis virus can infect dogs, cats and wild living carnivorous animals
false
26) Feline leukosis is a very rare disease
false
27) Feline sarcomatosis is a defect virus.
true
28) Feline leukosis can cross the placenta
true
29) Infection with feline leukosis virus always appears in clinical signs
false
30) Feline leukosis virus is spreading by discharge of the infected animal
true
31) Persistently infected cats can shed the feline leukosis virus in high titres
true
32) Saliva of the animal contains large amount of the feline leukosis virus
true
33) Feline leucosis spreads by direct contact
true
1) Feline immunodeficiency virus causes persistent infection
true
2) Feline immunodeficiency virus is widespread
true
3) Feline immunodeficiency virus in cat could be asymptomatic
true
4) Feline immunodeficiency virus is spread by excretes
true
5) Feline immunodeficiency virus develops in 3 phases
true
1) Inactivated vaccines are used for the prevention of avian leukosis
false
2) Attenuated vaccines are used for the prevention of avian leukosis
false
3) Avian leukosis viruses have several subgroups
true
4) Tumours in the liver can be seen in the case of avian leukosis
true
5) Avian leukosis viruses cause horizontal infection
true
6) J subtype of avian leukosis virus is more virulent than the other ones
true
7) Avian leukosis can be diagnosed by detecting COFAL antigen
true
8) Lymphoid leukosis is the most frequent clinical form of avian leukosis
true
9) Avian leukosis viruses cause germinative infection
true
10) All avian leukosis viruses are oncogenic
true
11) Avian leukosis viruses a resistant, they can survive in the bedding for several weeks
false
12) Avian leukosis causes the malignant transformation of B lymphocytes
true
13) Avian leukosis virus occurs only in tropical and subtropical countries
false
14) Avian leuKosis virus can cause only lymphoid leukosis
false
15) Avian leukosis viruses can cause malignant transformation in different tissues
true
16) Germinative infection is an important way of transmission of avian leukosis virus.
true
17) Clinical signs of avian leukosis can be seen typically in broiler chicken
false
18) Osteopetrosis can be a clinical form of avian leukosis
true
19) Avian Leukosis virus is uniform
false
20) Every avian leukosis viruses is oncogenic
true
21) Avian leukosis virus cannot infect by germinative way
false
22) Avian leukosis virus infects B lymphocytes
true
23) Infection of poultry herds with avian leukosis virus is widespread
true
24) Clinical signs of avian leukosis generally appear in day old chicken.
false
25) Lymphoid leukosis is the most frequent form of avian leukosis
true
26) The main way of prevention of avian leukosis is vaccination using attenuated strains
false
27) Avian leukosis viruses are shed in the faeces
true
28) There is no germinative infection in the case of avian leukosis viruses
false
29) The target cells of the avian leukosis viruses are the B lymphocytes
true
30) There are several subgroups of avian leukosis viruses
true
31) All avian leukosis viruses cause malignant transformation of the host cells
true
32) In a flock infected with avian leukosis virus generally 50-60% of the animals have tumours
false
33) Detection of COFAL antigen is a frequent way of diagnosis of avian leukosis
true
34) Avian leukosis is seen during the first week of life in chicken
false
35) There are resistant lines to avian leukosis
true
36) Proportion of the animals with tumours is low, 1-4% in the case of avian leukosis
true
37) Inactivated vaccines are widely used in order to prevent avian leukosis
false
38) Tumours can be seen in different parenchymal organs in the case of avian leukosis
true
39) T-lymphocytes are the target cell of the avian leukosis virus.
false
40) Avian leucosis and sarcoma infections are very common.
true
41) Avian leucosis can be caused by different retroviruses
true
42) Congenital transmission of avian leucosis results in immune tolerance.
true
1) Reticuloendotheliosis is caused by J type of avian leukosis virus
false
2) Germinative infection can happen in the case of Reticuloendotheliosis
true
3) Reticuloendotheliosis virus is shed in the faces
true
4) Reticuloendotheliosis virus can cause germinative infection
true
5) Stunted growth is a clinical sign of reticuloendotheliosis
true
6) Reticuloendotheliosis is prevented by vaccination of the parent animals
false
7) Immunosuppression is common in the case of Reticuloendotheliosis
true
8) Retardation is a clinical sign of Reticuloendotheliosis
true
9) Wide vaccination is used to prevent Reticuloendotheliosis
false
in the case of reticuloendotheliosis immunotolerant chicken can be hatched
true
11) Pneumonia is a typical lesion of reticuloendotheliosis
false
12) In the case of reticuloendotheliosis tumors can be found in the parenchymal organs
true
13) Avian reticuloendotheliosis may be similar in appearance to Marek ́s disease
true
1) Clinical signs of maedi visna are more severe in young animals than in adults
false
2) Heavy nasal discharge is a clinical sign of maedi
false
3) The maedi virus and the visna virus are related but they can be differentiated with PCR
false
4) Interstitial pneumonia is the main postmortem lesion of visna
false
5) Interstitial pneumonia is the main postmortem lesion of Maedi
true
6) Maedi and visna are caused by the same virus
true
7) Maedi-visna virus is shed in tracheal discharge and milk
true
8) Maedi-visna is maintained by persistently infected sheep
true
9) Weakness of the hinder legs is a clinical sign of visna
true
10) Inactivated and attenuated vaccines are widely used for the prevention of maedi-visna
false
11) Clinical signs of maedi can be seen in sheep above 3-4 years of age
true
12) Maedi-visna can occur in sheep, goats, and cattle
false
13) Europe is already free from maedi-visna
false
14) Maedi/visna is spreading slowly in the flock
true
15) Maedi/visna virus is shed in the milk.
true
16) Maedi is seen in 3-4 years old sheep
true
17) Large amount of mucoid nasal discharge is typical in the case of maedi
false
18) Maedi/visna spreads from sheep to other animals
true
19) Maedi/visna virus is shed in nasal discharge, respiratory secretions and milk.
true
20) Clinical sign of maedi/visna appear from the age of 6-8 months
false
21) Meadi/visna most important clinical sign is profuse diarrhoea
false
22) Maedi/visna virus is shed only in tracheal discharge
false
23) Clinical signs of maedi are mainly seen in lambs below half a year of age
false
24) Maedi/visna virus causes interstitial pneumonia in sheep
true
25) Clinical signs of the central nervous system can be seen in the case of visna.
true
26) Maedi/visna virus causes viraemia
true
27) Wet cough and intensive nasal discharge are typical signs of maedi.
false
28) De-myelinization is the reason for the clinical signs of visna
true
29) Attenuated vaccines are widely used to prevent maedi/visn a
false
30) Maedi appears in Hungary
true
31) Maedi is spreading fast
false
32) In order to eradicate maedi/visna infected ewes have to be culled with their lambs
false, should be true
33) Clinical sign of maedi/visna appear from the age of 6 months
false
34) Maedi/visna virus is shed only in the tracheal discharge
false
35) Clinical signs of maedi are generally seen above 3-4 years of age.
true
1) Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus can cause persistent infection
true
2) Sheep are resistant against caprine arthritis encephalitis virus
false
3) Arthritis caused by caprine arthritis encephalitis virus is mainly seen in lambs
false
4) Encephalitis caused by caprine arthritis encephalitis virus is generally seen in 2-4 month old kids
true
5) Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus can be transmitted by milk
true
6) There is intensive vaccination against Caprine arthritis encephalitis in endemic countries
false
7) Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus is more frequent in dairy goats than in rural breeds
true
8) Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus is shed in the milk
true
9) In the case of caprine arthritis encephalitis the signs of encephalitis can be seen in 2-4 months old kids
true
10) In the case of caprine arthritis encephalitis, arthritis is less frequent than encephalitis
false
11) Kids are recommended to be isolated in a herd where caprine arthritis encephalitis is present
true
12) Kids can be infected with caprine arthritis encephalitis virus through the milk.
true
13) Arthritis caused by caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus is typically seen in kids below half a year of age
false
14) Caprine arthritis encephalitis is characterized by CNS signs in young goats
true
15) Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus replicates in the intestinal tract
false
1) Equine infectious anaemia virus is transmitted with blood of the infected animals
true
2) Blood sucking arthropods can transmit Equine infectious anaemia virus
true
3) Mosquitoes are the main vectors of equine infectious anaemia virus; the virus can replicate in them
false
4) Agar gel diffusion test is used to detect antibodies against equine infectious anaemia
true
5) Equine infectious anaemia is an acute disease; it does not have a chronic form
false
6) Iatrogenic transmission of Equine infectious anaemia can happen
true
7) Equine infectious anaemia virus can damage the bone marrow
true
8) There are no vaccines for the prevention of equine infectious anaemia
true
9) Equine infectious anaemia virus is more resistant than other retroviruses.
true
10) Equine infectious anaemia virus disappears from animals after the viraemia
false
11) Fever is a major clinical sign of equine infectious anaemia
true
12) Equine infectious anaemia virus is resistant, it can survive several months in the environment
true
13) Only Equidae are susceptible to equine infectious anaemia virus
true
14) Ticks are vectors of equine infectious anaemia virus
false
15) Febrile waves can be seen in equine infectious anaemias.
true
16) Equine infectious anaemia is a vector borne disease
true
17) Equine infectious anaemia virus causes persistent infection
true
18) There is no immune reaction in the case of equine infectious anaemia
false
19) Equine infectious anaemia is zoonotic
false
20) Equine infectious anaemia is caused by a lentivirus
true
21) Blood sucking arthropods are mechanical vectors of equine infectious anaemia virus
true
22) Agar gel precipitation test can be used to the detection of antibodies against equine infectious anaemia virus
true
23) Equine infectious anaemia can damage the medulla of the bone
true
24) Equine infectious anaemia has a weak resistance
false
25) You cannot diagnose Equine infectious anaemia with serology
false
26) The resistance of equine infectious anaemia is very low
false
27) Horses and cattle are susceptible to equine infectious anaemia virus.
false
28) In the case of equine infectious anaemia, haemorrhages cannot be seen
false
29) Animals infected with equine infectious anaemia virus are lifelong carriers
true
30) Equine infectious anaemia virus is mainly transmitted with tracheal discharge
false
31) Attenuated vaccines are used for the prevention of equine infectious anaemia
false
32) Equine infectious anaemia can be asymptomatic
true
33) Equine infectious anaemia may cause recurrent fever in horses
true
34) Horseflies are mechanical vectors equine anaemia virus
true
35) Equine anaemia is a notifiable disease
true
