Rhabdoviruses Flashcards
1) Rhabdoviruses are enveloped viruses
true
2) Rhabdoviruses are resistant viruses they can remain infective in the environment for several weeks
false
3) Rhabdoviruses are generally good antigens
true
4) Rhabdoviruses can survive in the environment for several months
false
5) The resistance of Rhabdoviruses is good
false
1) Vesicular stomatitis virus has a narrow host range
false
2) Vesicular stomatitis is a frequent disease in Africa
false
3) Vesicular stomatitis is a widespread disease all over the world
false
4) Vesicular stomatitis virus can cause clinical signs in horses
true
5) Vesicular stomatitis is a zoonotic disease
true
6) Increased salivation is a clinical sign of vesicular stomatitis
true
7) The mortality of vesicular stomatitis is low
true
8) The mortality of vesicular stomatitis is very high
false
9) Vesicular stomatitis causes large number of vesicles in humans
false
10) Vesicular stomatitis virus is transmitted by blood sucking arthropods and direct contact
true
11) The clinical signs of foot and mouth disease and vesicular stomatitis cannot be differentiated in horses
false
12) Vesicular stomatitis can be transmitted only by arthropods
false
13) Vesicular Stomatitis virus can be transmitted by arthropods
true
14) Vesicular stomatitis can occur in ruminants, horses, pigs, and humans
true
15) Vesicular stomatitis virus does not cause viraemia only local lesions
false, but very short
16) Vesicular stomatitis virus is found all over the world
false
17) Vesicular stomatitis virus: horse is sensitive.
false
18) Vesicular stomatitis virus spreads with insects
false, should be true
19) After recovery of VSV there will be a permanent immunity
false
20) Vesicular stomatitis can be generalized
true
21) Vesicular stomatitis can cause vesicles on the foot
true
22) Only ruminants can have vesicular stomatitis
false
23) Vesicular stomatitis: animals can recover
true
24) Vesicular stomatitis occurs in America
true
25) The host range of vesicular stomatitis and foot and mouth disease is the same
false
26) Sand flies and midges can transmit vesicular stomatitis virus
true
27) In the case of vesicular stomatitis vesicles are formed only at the place of entry of the virus.
false
28) Vesicular stomatitis cannot be prevented with vaccines
false
29) The vesicular stomatitis virus is uniform, there are no serotypes, variants etc
false
30) The resistance of the vesicular stomatitis virus is low
true
31) Vesicular stomatitis virus can cause lesions on the teats
true
32) The host range of the vesicular stomatitis virus is wide
true
33) Vesicular stomatitis is endemic in America
true
34) Vesicular stomatitis virus infects only swine.
false
35) Cattle are not susceptible to vesicular stomatitis virus
false
36) Vesicular stomatitis virus can infect humans
true
37) Lesions of vesicular stomatitis heal within a few weeks
true
38) There are no vaccines for the prevention of vesicular stomatitis
false
39) Insects are involved in the transmission of vesicular stomatitis virus.
true
40) Vesicular stomatitis virus can spread by direct contact
true
41) Vesicular stomatitis virus can cause severe disease in humans
false
1) Ephemeral fever virus is transmitted by arthropods
true
2) Direct contact is the main way of transmission of ephemeral fever virus
false
3) Ephemeral fever is a frequent disease all over the world
false
4) Ephemeral fever is a zoonotic disease
false
5) Ephemeral fever virus is shed in large amount in the saliva
false
6) Ephemeral fever occurs only in America
false
7) The morbidity is high, the mortality is low in the case of ephemeral fever
true
8) Drop of milk production is a common sign of ephemeral fever
true
9) Ephemeral fever occurs in the tropical countries
true
inhalation of the tracheal discharge is the main way of infection with ephemeral fever virus.
false
11) The clinical signs of ephemeral fever are more severe in horses than cattle
false
12) Animals with ephemeral fever have fever for about 2-3 days
true
1) In the case of silent rabies rabid dogs cannot bark
false
there is a high level of cross protection between phylogroups of rabies viruses
false
3) Humans can be infected with European bat lyssaviruses in case of direct contact
true
4) Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies can be seen in the case of rabies
true
5) Only carnivorous animals are susceptible to rabies virus
false
6) Rabies virus is uniform without serotypes, genotypes etc.
false
7) Aggressiveness is a frequent sign of rabies.
true
8) Puppies have to be vaccinated against rabies at the age of 6 weeks
false
9) Rabies virus can infect humans; however, humans are not very susceptible
true
10) Bat lyssaviruses cannot infect humans
false
11) Bats infected with European bat lyssaviruses frequently attack animals
false
12) Rabies is a notifiable disease
true
13) Increased sex drive is a frequent sign of rabies
true
14) Sylvatic rabies is maintained by wild living animals
true
15) Foxes maintain sylvatic rabies in Europe
true
16) Racoon is one of the species that maintains sylvatic rabies in America
true
17) In order to prevent sylvatic rabies, foxes are vaccinated per os with live vaccine in bait
true
18) Changed behaviour and paralysis are clinical signs of rabies
true
19) The incubation time of rabies is generally 24-72 hours; however, exceptions can occur
false
20) The incubation time of rabies is generally 2-8 weeks; however, exceptions can occur
true
21) Rabies virus can only be transmitted with bite
false
The host range of rabies is very narrow, mainly dogs and foxes are susceptible
false
23) Dogs have to be observed for 14 days if they have bitten humans
true
24) Herbivorous animals bitten by foxes can be emergency slaughtered
true
25) Rabies virus can be detected with immunofluorescence test
true
26) Rabies virus appears in the saliva 2-3 days after the onset of the clinical signs
false
27) Lethality of rabies in humans is high
true
28) The resistance of rabies virus is low; it cannot survive in the environment for a long time
true
29) Rabies can be diagnosed by detection of antibodies in paired sera
false
30) Antibodies against rabies detected with ELISA confirm the diagnosis of rabies
false, confirm vaccination
31) Rabies virus is spreading alone the nerves in the host
true
32) Urban rabies has been eradicated from the Earth
false
33) Urban rabies is maintained by dogs and cats
true
34) Rabies occurs only in tropical countries
false
35) Herbivores animals are generally dead end hosts of rabies
true
36) Rabies virus replicates in the lymphocytes
false
37) Postmortem examination of rabid animals is forbidden
false
38) Haemorrhages of the serous membranes are typical postmortem lesions of rabies
false
39) Rabies can be diagnosed only by using PCR
false, plus IF
Post exposition vaccine against rabies can be given to ruminants bitten by foxes
true
41) Rabies virus does not penetrate the blood vessels
true
42) Rabies: one of the important symptoms is the change of behaviour
true
43) Rabies: one important symptom is paralysis
true
44) In rabies we find purulent encephalitis in negri-bodies.
true
45) With immunofluorescence test we can diagnose rabies
true
46) We can diagnose rabies by antibody detection test
false, we can check if vaccinated with Ab test
47) When an animal which is infected with rabies virus attacks another dog, it should be vaccinated immediately
false
48) Rabies is a uniform virus
false
49) Rabies is a resistant virus
false
50) Warm blooded animals can be infected with rabies
true
51) Rabies can be transmitted only by saliva
false
52) Fox rabies: we can use live vaccines
true
53) Since 2002 rabies is eradicated from Hungary
false
54) Humans can be infected by Rabies bite
true
55) Humans can be infected by Rabies during organ transplants
true
56) Rabies virus is spreading in the infected animals peri-neural
true
57) Rabies virus is shed in the saliva, before appearance of the clinical signs
true
58) The incubation of rabies is generally less than one week
false
59) The rabies virus is a uniform virus without serotypes, genotypes, subtypes etc
false
60) High amount of rabies virus is shed in the saliva
true
61) The causative agent of rabies is a uniform virus, without different types or groups
false
62) The resistance of the rabies virus is good, it retains infectivity for several months in the environment
false
63) All warm-blooded animals are susceptible to rabies virus
true
64) Rabies virus is shed in high titre in the saliva
true
65) Paralysis is a clinical sign of rabies
true
66) Foxes are vaccinated with attenuated bait vaccine
true
67) Cattle bitten by rabid animals may be vaccinated post exposition or slaughtered
true
68) Humans can be infected with rabies, only by being bitten by rabid animals
false
69) Rabies virus is spreading along the nerves to the central nervous system
true
70) Rabies virus is shed in the saliva only after the appearance of the clinical signs
false
71) Focal necrosis in the liver is a typical lesion of rabies
false
72) Immunofluorescence test is widely used diagnostic method in the case of rabies
true
73) Virus neutralization test is used to the laboratory diagnosis of rabies cases
false
74) Dogs have to be vaccinated for the prevention of rabies at the age of 3 months for the first time
true
75) Increased salivation is a clinical sign of rabies
true
76) Always the furious form of rabies can be seen in dogs
false
77) Colic can be a sign of rabies in horses
true
78) Changed behaviour is a clinical sign of rabies of wild living animals
true
79) Only the classical rabies virus can cause clinical signs, the other genotypes not
false
80) The sylvatic form of rabies is maintained by different wild living animals
true
81) Rabies virus causes viraemia soon after infection
false
82) Saliva can contain rabies virus, before the appearance of clinical signs
true
83) Humans are not susceptible to European bat lyssaviruses
false
84) There is no haematogenic spreading of the rabies virus
false
85) Increased sexual activity is seen in rabid cattle
true
86) Dogs have to be vaccinated against rabies in the first week of life
false
87) Cattle bitten by a rabid animal can be vaccinated after exposition
true
88) The rabid bats fly during the day
true
89) Immunofluorescence (IF) is reliable in the diagnosis of rabies.
true
90) Only the classical rabies virus is present in Europe
false
91) Urban form of rabies is maintained by the fox in Europe
false
92) Rabies virus is highly resistant
false
93) Rabies virus cannot be cultured
false
94) Presence of antibodies to rabies virus confirms the diagnosis of rabies
false
95) Detection of Negri bodies is more sensitive than immunofluorescence test, in the case of rabies
false
96) Virus isolation is the most widely used way of diagnosis of rabies
false, PCR and IF
97) Inhalation of the virus is the main way of infection with rabies virus
false
98) Rabies virus is replicating in the lymphoid cells and causes viraemia before the appearance of the clinical signs
false
99) The incubation time of rabies is variable, generally between 2 and 8 weeks
true
100) Immunofluorescence test can be used to the detection of rabies virus in the brain.
true
101) Rabid animals have to be vaccinated immediately
false
102) In cats furious form of rabies is typical
true
103) In dogs both furious and silent form of rabies can occur
true
104) Rabies has been eradicated in Europe
false
105) Rabies spread through venereal
false
106) The high-titre of virus neutralizing antibodies confirms the diagnosis of rabies
false
107) Live vaccines are used for the vaccination of foxes against rabies
true
108) Rabies symptoms appear only after CNS signs
false
109) Rabies virus can only be found in the nervous system
false
