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Epi > Flaviviruses > Flashcards

Flaviviruses Flashcards

1
Q

1) Serological cross reactions frequently occur between related flaviviruses

A

true

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2
Q

2) Flavivirus from distinct serotypes without serological cross-reactions

A

false

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3
Q

3) Many of the flaviviruses are zoonotic agents

A

true

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4
Q

4) Pestiviruses are zoonotic

A

false

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5
Q

5) Pestiviruses are arboviruses

A

false

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6
Q

6) Viruses of the Pestivirus genus are more resistant in the environment than the members of the Flavivirus genus

A

true

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7
Q

7) Viruses of the Pestivirus genus are more resistant in the environment than the other members of the Flavivirus genus

A

true

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8
Q

8) Yellow fever virus and Dengue virus are human pathogens

A

true

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9
Q

9) Flaviviruses are resistant to lipid solvents

A

false

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10
Q

1) Louping ill is seen in cattle in North America

A

false

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11
Q

2) The louping ill was introduced to Australia to control rabbit population

A

false

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12
Q

3) The louping ill is seen in cattle in Great Britain and Scandinavia

A

false

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13
Q

4) The principle vector of the Louping ill virus is Rhipicephalus appendiculatus

A

false

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14
Q

5) Louping ill is present only in tropical and subtropical countries

A

false

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15
Q

6) Louping ill is most frequently seen in sheep

A

true

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16
Q

7) Abortion and foetal malformations are the most typical signs of louping ill in sheep

A

false

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17
Q

8) The Louping Ill is seen in rabbits in Australia

A

false

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18
Q

9) Louping ill is usually seen in rabbits

A

false

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19
Q

10) Differential diagnoses of Louping-Ill: Listeria, Rabies, Scrapie

A

true

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20
Q

11) Louping-Ill is a disease of swine

A

false

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21
Q

12) Louping ill occurs in the Far-East

A

false

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22
Q

13) Louping ill is transmitted by mosquitoes and midges

A

false

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23
Q

1) The tick borne encephalitis is endemic in central Europe

A

true

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24
Q

2) The main vectors of tick borne encephalitis virus are sylvatic mammalian species

A

false

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25
Q

3) The tick borne encephalitis virus can be transmitted via consumption of raw milk

A

true

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26
Q

4) The consumption of raw goat milk is a possible source of human tick borne encephalitis

A

true

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27
Q

5) Biphasic fever is a characteristic of TBE

A

true

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28
Q

6) The Tick-borne encephalitis is widespread in North America

A

false

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29
Q

7) Consumption of contaminated, raw goat milk is a possible source of human tick-borne encephalitis virus infection

A

true

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30
Q

8) Inactivated vaccines are used for the prevention of humans from tick-borne encephalitis

A

true

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31
Q

9) The main vectors of the tick-borne encephalitis virus are Hyalomma and Dermocentor species

A

false

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32
Q

10) The tick-borne encephalitis virus is resistant to detergents

A

false

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33
Q

11) Mainly birds develop tick-borne encephalitis

A

false

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34
Q

12) Tick-borne encephalitis is mainly seen in humans

A

false

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35
Q

13) Tick-borne encephalitis viruses are present only in tropical regions

A

false

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36
Q

14) Inactivated vaccines are available against tick-borne encephalitis for humans

A

true

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37
Q

15) The tick-borne encephalitis is widespread in North America

A

false

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38
Q

16) Tick-borne encephalomyelitis mainly occurs clinically in humans

A

true

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39
Q

17) Tick-borne encephalomyelitis occurs throughout Europe and Asia

A

true

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40
Q

18) Tick-borne encephalomyelitis exists as natural foci infections

A

true

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41
Q

19) Ruminants are long term carries of tick-borne encephalomyelitis virus

A

false

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42
Q

20) Tick-borne encephalomyelitis most frequently is seen clinically in ruminants

A

false

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43
Q

21) Occasionally tick-borne encephalomyelitis virus can be transmitted to humans via consuming raw milk

A

true

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44
Q

22) Tick-borne encephalomyelitis occurs seasonally

A

true

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45
Q

23) For humans inactivated tick-borne encephalomyelitis virus vaccines are also available.

A

true

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46
Q

1) Migratory birds play a role in the transmission of West Nile virus

A

true

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47
Q

2) Mammals are mostly accidental hosts of West Nile Fever virus

A

true

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48
Q

3) West Nile Fever is a notifiable disease

A

true

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49
Q

4) In West Nile epidemics wild bird mortality is usually observed before horse and human cases can be detected

A

true

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50
Q

5) To prevent West Nile Fever, vaccine is available for horses

A

true

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51
Q

6) The West Nile Fever can be diagnosed unambiguously by the clinical signs

A

false

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52
Q

7) The West Nile Fever virus infects mostly swine and cattle

A

false

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53
Q

8) The West Nile virus may cause encephalitis in humans and in horses

A

true

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54
Q

9) Horses and humans do not play a significant role in the transmission of West Nile virus

A

true

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55
Q

10) The West Nile fever epidemics occur usually at the end of summer and during Autumn

A

true

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56
Q

11) WNV typically causes reproductive problems in cattle

A

false

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57
Q

12) Fomites play the most significant role in the transmission of WNV

A

false

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58
Q

13) West Nile Virus is only present in Africa

A

false

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59
Q

14) Wild birds are the natural hosts of West Nile virus

A

true

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60
Q

15) WNV causes central nervous signs in 80-90% of the infections

A

false

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61
Q

16) WNV cannot be isolated in cell cultures

A

false

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62
Q

17) Vaccines are available for the prevention of horses from WNV infections

A

true

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63
Q

18) Horses are the reservoirs host of WNV

A

false

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64
Q

19) Different genetic lineages of West Nile virus are circulating in Europe.

A

true

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65
Q

20) Various strains of WNV, belonging to different genetic lineages are circulating in Europe

A

true

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66
Q

21) There is no vaccine available for humans against WNV infection yet

A

true

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67
Q

22) Mosquitoes are the principle vectors of the WNV

A

true

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68
Q

23) The weather does not influence the occurrence of WNV outbreaks

A

false

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69
Q

24) The sero-diagnostics of WNV is complicated by cross-reactions with related flaviviruses

A

true

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70
Q

25) Certain predatory bird species are particularly sensitive to WNV infections

A

true

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71
Q

26) The use of repellents may reduce the risk of infection with WNV

A

true

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72
Q

27) The weather influences the emergence of West Nile Virus outbreaks, through its effect on mosquito propagation dynamics

A

true

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73
Q

28) Laboratory diagnosis should confirm the aetiology of West Nile encephalitis

A

true

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74
Q

29) West-Nile fever practically is restricted to Africa

A

false

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75
Q

30) The most important maintaining hosts of West Nile fever virus are water birds

A

true

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76
Q

31) Clinical signs of West Nile fever are most frequently seen in birds, horses and humans

A

true

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77
Q

32) Neurological signs develop only in a small percentage of the diseased animals

A

true

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78
Q

33) West Nile fever occurs worldwide

A

true

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79
Q

34) Vectors of West Nile fever virus are different mosquito species

A

true

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80
Q

35) The host range of West Nile virus is very wide

A

true

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81
Q

36) Humans are not susceptible to West Nile disease virus

A

false

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82
Q

37) The sero-diagnostics of West Nile virus is complicated by cross-reactions with related flaviviruses

A

true

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83
Q

38) The West Nile Virus is genetically uniform, but at least 15 serotypes are known

A

false

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84
Q

39) Fomites play the most significant role in the transmission of the West Nile Virus

A

false

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85
Q

40) The principal vectors of the West Nile Virus are midges.

A

false

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86
Q

41) West Nile Virus mainly causes diarrhoea in sheep

A

false

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87
Q

42) West Nile Virus cannot be isolated in cell cultures.

A

false

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88
Q

43) West Nile Virus is the only known zoonotic flavivirus

A

false

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89
Q

1) The Japanese encephalitis virus causes abortion in swine

A

true

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90
Q

1) The Wesselsbron disease causes meningoencephalitis in turkey

A

false

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91
Q

1) The yellow fever virus causes liver damages

A

true

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92
Q

1) The zika virus causes fever, rash and conjunctivitis in humans

A

true

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93
Q

1) BVDV can be frequently detected in the background of respiratory diseases

A

true

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94
Q

2) BVD virus is particularly resistant to disinfectants

A

false

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95
Q

3) Rodents play a central role in the maintenance of BVD virus in the environment

A

false

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96
Q

4) Cytopathic and non-cytopathic biotypes of the Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) virus are known

A

true

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97
Q

5) In utero infection with non-cytopathic BVDV can cause seropositivity of the newborn calf

A

true

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98
Q

6) Non cytopathic strains of Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) can cause hydrocephalus and cerebellar hypoplasia

A

false

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99
Q

7) In utero infection with non cytopathic BVDV can cause immunotolerance

A

true

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100
Q

8) In utero infection with cytopathic BVDV strain results immunotolerant calves

A

false

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101
Q

9) Swine are not susceptible to BVD

A

false

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102
Q

10) Two serotypes of the BVD virus are known so far, serotype 2 is more virulent

A

true

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103
Q

11) Pigs infected with BVDV turn seropositive to classical swine fever

A

true

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104
Q

12) Persistently infected cattle can maintain BVDV in a farm

A

true

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105
Q

13) Cytopathic strains of Bovine Viral diarrhoea (BVDV) alone can cause mucosal disease

A

false

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106
Q

14) Non-cytopathic BVD virus strain can mutate and become cytopathic

A

true

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107
Q

15) The BVD virus can infect pigs also

A

true

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108
Q

16) Cytopathic strains of the Bovine Viral Diarrhoea virus (BVDV) can cause abortion

A

true

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109
Q

17) Non cytopathic strains of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea virus (BVDV) do not cause transplacental infection

A

false

110
Q

18) Intrauterine BVD virus infection always causes abortion

A

false

111
Q

19) Cattle which are immune tolerant to BVD virus may develop mucosal disease

A

true

112
Q

20) In sheep BVDV causes symptoms similar to border disease

A

true

113
Q

21) Mucosal disease can develop in cattle persistently infected with BVDV

A

true

114
Q

22) Non cytopathic strains of Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) can cause immunosuppression

A

true

115
Q

23) BVDV can be transmitted by semen

A

true

116
Q

24) BVD virus cannot be transmitted via artificial insemination

A

false

117
Q

25) In mucosal disease sharp edged, usually round or oval ulcers can be observed on the oral mucosa

A

true

118
Q

26) In mucosal disease haemorrhages can be observed under the serosal surfaces and in the kidney cortex

A

true

119
Q

27) Bloody diarrhoea is a clinical sign of the mucosal disease

A

true

120
Q

28) BVD virus cannot be propagated in cell cultures

A

false

121
Q

29) Mucosal disease usually emerges in cattle farms as explosive outbreaks with high morbidity

A

false

122
Q

30) BVD and mucosal disease are caused by the same viral species

A

true

123
Q

31) Attenuated vaccine strains against the bovine viral diarrhoea virus may have foetopathic effects

A

true

124
Q

32) Eradication programmes against the bovine viral diarrhoea virus are usually based on the selection of immunotolerant animals

A

true

125
Q

33) Eradication of BVD virus is based on the removal of immunotolerant animals

A

true

126
Q

34) The only efficient way of BVD eradication is the replacement of all animals on the farm

A

false

127
Q

35) Two genotypes of the BVDV are known

A

true

128
Q

36) BVDV forms one serotype, but there are significant antigenic differences between the strains

A

true

129
Q

37) Persistently infected animals play the major role in the maintenance and spread of BVDV

A

true

130
Q

38) BVDV infection may cause immunosuppression

A

true

131
Q

39) Bovine neonatal pancytopenia (BNP) is an immunopathy observed in immunotolerant, BVDV infected calves

A

false

132
Q

40) Bovine neonatal pancytopenia (BNP) is caused by a bovine viral diarrhea

A

false

133
Q

41) The BVD virus typically damages endothelial-, epithelial- and lymphatic tissues

A

true

134
Q

42) Wild birds are the natural hosts of the BVDV

A

false

135
Q

43) Environmental contamination does not play a role in the spread of the BVDV

A

true, should be false

136
Q

44) Only inactivated vaccines can be used for the prevention against BVD

A

false

137
Q

45) The BVD virus genotype 2 is less virulent than genotype 1

A

false

138
Q

46) BVD clinically is mostly seen in cattle from 6 to 24 months of age

A

true

139
Q

47) BVD virus can cause severe damage to fetuses in pregnant cows

A

true

140
Q

48) Only cattle is susceptible to BVD virus

A

false

141
Q

49) BVD virus exists in several serotypes

A

false

142
Q

50) BVD infection of pregnant cows can result in delivery of immunotolerant persistently infected calves

A

true

143
Q

51) Bulls can shed BVD virus for long time in semen, without showing any clinical sign

A

true

144
Q

52) Both attenuated live and inactivated vaccines are used in eradication of BVD

A

true

145
Q

53) BVDV is practically sensitive to disinfectants

A

true

146
Q

54) Rodents play a central role in the maintenance of BVD virus in the environment.

A

false

147
Q

55) Bovine Viral Diarrhoea cannot be transmitted with AI

A

false

148
Q

56) Mucosal Disease, only inactivated vaccines can be used for the prevention against BVD

A

false

149
Q

57) Cytopathic BVDV strains cause mucosal disease in immune-tolerant calves.

A

true

150
Q

58) Because Europe is free from BVD, it is forbidden to use vaccines against it

A

false

151
Q

59) Because IBDV is an immunosuppressive virus, no vaccines available against it

A

false

152
Q

1) The Border disease virus causes pneumonia in sheep

A

false

153
Q

2) The border disease is present only in the United Kingdom

A

false

154
Q

3) The border disease virus frequently causes encephalitis in ewes

A

false

155
Q

4) Goats can be infected with border disease

A

true

156
Q

5) Border disease in most frequently seen in horses

A

false

157
Q

6) In utero border disease virus infection may cause immunotolerance

A

true

158
Q

7) The Border disease is a haemorrhagic, respiratory syndrome in sheep

A

false

159
Q

8) Border disease of sheep is mainly characterized by foetal damages

A

true

160
Q

9) Border disease appears as foetal damage in pregnant ewes

A

true

161
Q

10) Border disease is a respiratory and enteric disease of lambs

A

false

162
Q

11) Border disease occurs in Hungary

A

true

163
Q

12) Border disease causes abortion in ewes

A

true

164
Q

13) Border disease of sheep can be controlled by screening for carriers.

A

true

165
Q

1) Haemorrhagic enteritis is a characteristic pathological lesion of Classical swine fever

A

true

166
Q

2) Classical Swine Fever is frequently complicated with bacterial infections.

A

true

167
Q

3) Classical swine fever virus can be transmitted by raw pork products

A

true

168
Q

4) Classical swine fever virus can retain its infectivity for 6 months in frozen meat

A

true

169
Q

5) The CSFV may survive in frozen meat for months

A

true

170
Q

6) During necropsy enlarged bloody lymph nodes can be seen in Classical swine fever cases

A

true

171
Q

7) Because of endothelial damage Classical swine fever results in haemorrhages

A

true

172
Q

8) In acute Classical swine fever, at the beginning obstipation, later diarrhoea can be observed

A

true

173
Q

9) Classical swine fever targets the bone marrow stem cells

A

true

174
Q

10) Erysipelas and Porcine circovirus 2 infections may cause clinical signs and pathology lesions similar to CSF

A

true

175
Q

11) Weakness of the hind legs and ataxia are clinical signs of Classical Swine Fever

A

true

176
Q

12) Ischaemic infarcts at the edges of the spleen are postmortem lesions of subacute Classical Swine Fever

A

true

177
Q

13) The boutons in the intestines are characteristic lesions in subacute Classical Swine Fever

A

true

178
Q

14) Kidney haemorrhage is a characteristic lesion of Classical Swine Fever

A

true

179
Q

15) Hemorrhages are the most typical lesions of acute CSF

A

true

180
Q

16) During necropsy of acute Classical swine fever cases, haemorrhages can be seen in the gastric mucosa

A

true

181
Q

17) Among Classical Swine Fever clinical signs CNS and eye problems can be observed

A

true

182
Q

18) The CSFV causes central nervous signs only in suckling piglets

A

false

183
Q

19) Classical swine fever infection during the first half of pregnancy results in the birth of immunotolerant piglets

A

true

184
Q

20) CSF infection during the first of half of pregnancy can lead to abortion

A

true

185
Q

21) Classical swine fever infection in the second half of the pregnancy leads to foetal development problems

A

false

186
Q

22) Shedding of Classical swine fever virus starts 1 week after the infection

A

false

187
Q

23) The shedding of CSFV begins 1-2 days after the appearance of clinical signs

A

true

188
Q

24) The domestic swine population of most European countries are free from CSF

A

true

189
Q

25) Classical swine fever causes oronasal infection

A

true

190
Q

26) Classical swine fever can be transmitted by mating

A

true

191
Q

27) CSF can cause transplacental infections

A

true

192
Q

28) CSFV may case reproductive disorders

A

true

193
Q

29) Classical swine fever targets lymphatic tissues

A

true

194
Q

30) CSF infections result in thrombocytopenia

A

true

195
Q

31) Clinical signs of Classical Swine fever are mainly seen in 6-12 week old piglets in vaccinated herds

A

true

196
Q

32) Classical swine fever infection during the first half of pregnancy can lead to abortion

A

true

197
Q

33) Wild boars play the main role in the maintenance of CSF virus in endemic areas

A

true

198
Q

34) Wild boar may play a role in the maintenance and spread of CSFV

A

true

199
Q

35) In Europe it is obligatory to vaccinate against Classical swine fever

A

false

200
Q

36) In acute Classical swine fever skin haemorrhages and bloody nasal discharge can be observed

A

true

201
Q

37) Normal sized spleen can be observed in uncomplicated cases of subacute Classical swine fever

A

true

202
Q

38) Classical swine fever infection results in immunosuppression

A

true

203
Q

39) All wild type strains of classical swine fever virus are highly virulent

A

false

204
Q

40) Six distinct serotypes of CSF virus are recognized so far

A

false

205
Q

41) CSF virus is an arbovirus

A

false

206
Q

42) CSF virus is a zoonotic agent

A

false

207
Q

43) Pigs shed CSF virus only during the clinical stage of the disease

A

false

208
Q

44) Central nervous signs might be seen in classical swine fever

A

true

209
Q

45) Based on pathology and clinical signs, chronic classical swine fever is easy to diagnose

A

false

210
Q

46) Fomites do not play a role in the transmission of the Classical Swine Fever Virus

A

false

211
Q

47) Swine shed CSFV only in the terminal phase of the disease

A

false

212
Q

48) Europe is free from CSFV

A

false

213
Q

49) Classical Swine Fever is always an acute disease with high mortality in wild boars

A

false

214
Q

50) The large intestine are the earliest lesions in Classical Swine Fever

A

false

215
Q

51) The diagnosis of Classical Swine Fever is based on paired serum investigations

A

false

216
Q

52) Porcine circovirus 2 may cause lesions similar to Classical Swine Fever

A

true

217
Q

53) Low virulence strains of CSFV may cause reproductive problems

A

true

218
Q

54) CSFV may damage the lymphatic tissues and blood vessel endothelial cells

A

true

219
Q

55) Swine can shed CSFV in the incubation period

A

true

220
Q

56) Skin suffusions and haemorrhages are signs of Classical Swine Fever

A

true

221
Q

57) The clinical signs of African Swine Fever and Classical Swine Fever are very different.

A

false

222
Q

58) Contaminated pork meat can play a role in the transmission of CSFV

A

true

223
Q

59) Attenuated vaccines are developed for immunization of swine against CSFV

A

true

224
Q

60) All known strains of the Classical Swine Fever virus are of highly virulence

A

false

225
Q

61) The Classical Swine Fever may appear in a milder form in wild boar than in domestic swine

A

true

226
Q

62) Classical swine fever virus is shed with faces, when boutons appear in the intestines

A

false

227
Q

63) Classical swine fever can be eradicated from wild boar populations by oral vaccination.

A

false

228
Q

64) Classical swine fever virus is rarely complicated by secondary infections

A

false

229
Q

65) Classical swine fever can be diagnosed easily by the characteristic symptoms and lesions

A

false

230
Q

66) Acute classical swine fever can cause haemorrhagic pneumonia

A

true

231
Q

67) Classical swine fever virus doesn’t induce neutralizing antibody production

A

false

232
Q

68) Classical swine fever virus is inactivated in chilled meat at -20°C

A

false

233
Q

69) Classical swine fever virus can cause immunotolerance in swine

A

true

234
Q

70) Only DIVA vaccines should be used to prevent classical swine fever in swine stocks.

A

false

235
Q

71) Classical swine fever virus causes lympho-histiocytic encephalitis in pigs

A

true

236
Q

72) Classical swine fever virus causes lympho-histiocytic encephalitis in carnivores

A

false

237
Q

73) Classical swine fever Virus spreads slowly in the host and causes mainly chronic disease

A

false

238
Q

74) Complicated forms of the Classical swine fever are rarely seen.

A

false

239
Q

75) Classical swine fever can unambiguously diagnosed by the clinical signs and pathology

A

false

240
Q

76) Low virulence strains of CSFV may lead to asymptomatic infection

A

true

241
Q

77) CSF is spread via infected pigs

A

true

242
Q

78) Sows infected by CSF will have immunotolerant piglets

A

true

243
Q

79) Piglets of sows vaccinated against CSF are vaccinated at 6-12 months

A

false

244
Q

80) To prevent CSF, we vaccinate pigs older than 6 months of age with live vaccine

A

false

245
Q

81) To prevent CSF we use inactivated vaccines made from the Chinese strain

A

false

246
Q

82) Shedding may start 2-3 days after first clinical signs

A

false

247
Q

83) CSF can be prevented by inactivated vaccines

A

false

248
Q

84) CSF can hardly be distinguished from African swine fever.

A

true

249
Q

85) CSF always causes abortion in pigs

A

false

250
Q

86) Hungary does not have to make any preventative action against CSF

A

false

251
Q

87) Incubation of CSF is 8-22 days.

A

true

252
Q

88) CSF was first written about in USA

A

true

253
Q

89) First symptom of CSF is drooping ears

A

false

254
Q

90) CSF virus has good resistance

A

true

255
Q

91) Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is mainly transmitted by mosquitoes

A

false

256
Q

92) The presence of CSFV in a herd does not influence reproduction parameters

A

false

257
Q

93) CSF is frequently complicated with bacterial infections

A

true

258
Q

94) The clinical signs of CSF and ASF are similar

A

true

259
Q

95) Central nervous signs are never seen in CSF

A

false

260
Q

96) Serological cross reactions my occur between BVD virus and CSFV

A

false, should be true

261
Q

97) Only inactivated vaccines are available against CSFV.

A

false

262
Q

98) It is a disease of domestic swine and wild boars, but several other species are also suceptible

A

false

263
Q

99) Only domestic swine and wild boars are susceptible

A

true

264
Q

100) Fever, anorexia haemorrhages in the skin and weakness of the hind legs are the most important signs

A

true

265
Q

101) For prevention state medical steps and vaccination are used in Europe

A

false

266
Q

102) The CSFV typically damages endothelial- and lymphatic tissues

A

true

267
Q

103) In Europe vaccination of domestic pigs against Classical swine fever is common

A

false

268
Q

104) Classical swine fever is a notifiable disease in Europe

A

true

269
Q

105) In Europe vaccination of domestic swine populations against CSF is compulsory

A

false

270
Q

106) Classical swine fever virus strains are classified into several serotypes

A

false

271
Q

107) In subacute CSF we can observe signs of pneumonia during necropsies

A

true

Epi (74 decks)

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