Flaviviruses Flashcards
1) Serological cross reactions frequently occur between related flaviviruses
true
2) Flavivirus from distinct serotypes without serological cross-reactions
false
3) Many of the flaviviruses are zoonotic agents
true
4) Pestiviruses are zoonotic
false
5) Pestiviruses are arboviruses
false
6) Viruses of the Pestivirus genus are more resistant in the environment than the members of the Flavivirus genus
true
7) Viruses of the Pestivirus genus are more resistant in the environment than the other members of the Flavivirus genus
true
8) Yellow fever virus and Dengue virus are human pathogens
true
9) Flaviviruses are resistant to lipid solvents
false
1) Louping ill is seen in cattle in North America
false
2) The louping ill was introduced to Australia to control rabbit population
false
3) The louping ill is seen in cattle in Great Britain and Scandinavia
false
4) The principle vector of the Louping ill virus is Rhipicephalus appendiculatus
false
5) Louping ill is present only in tropical and subtropical countries
false
6) Louping ill is most frequently seen in sheep
true
7) Abortion and foetal malformations are the most typical signs of louping ill in sheep
false
8) The Louping Ill is seen in rabbits in Australia
false
9) Louping ill is usually seen in rabbits
false
10) Differential diagnoses of Louping-Ill: Listeria, Rabies, Scrapie
true
11) Louping-Ill is a disease of swine
false
12) Louping ill occurs in the Far-East
false
13) Louping ill is transmitted by mosquitoes and midges
false
1) The tick borne encephalitis is endemic in central Europe
true
2) The main vectors of tick borne encephalitis virus are sylvatic mammalian species
false
3) The tick borne encephalitis virus can be transmitted via consumption of raw milk
true
4) The consumption of raw goat milk is a possible source of human tick borne encephalitis
true
5) Biphasic fever is a characteristic of TBE
true
6) The Tick-borne encephalitis is widespread in North America
false
7) Consumption of contaminated, raw goat milk is a possible source of human tick-borne encephalitis virus infection
true
8) Inactivated vaccines are used for the prevention of humans from tick-borne encephalitis
true
9) The main vectors of the tick-borne encephalitis virus are Hyalomma and Dermocentor species
false
10) The tick-borne encephalitis virus is resistant to detergents
false
11) Mainly birds develop tick-borne encephalitis
false
12) Tick-borne encephalitis is mainly seen in humans
false
13) Tick-borne encephalitis viruses are present only in tropical regions
false
14) Inactivated vaccines are available against tick-borne encephalitis for humans
true
15) The tick-borne encephalitis is widespread in North America
false
16) Tick-borne encephalomyelitis mainly occurs clinically in humans
true
17) Tick-borne encephalomyelitis occurs throughout Europe and Asia
true
18) Tick-borne encephalomyelitis exists as natural foci infections
true
19) Ruminants are long term carries of tick-borne encephalomyelitis virus
false
20) Tick-borne encephalomyelitis most frequently is seen clinically in ruminants
false
21) Occasionally tick-borne encephalomyelitis virus can be transmitted to humans via consuming raw milk
true
22) Tick-borne encephalomyelitis occurs seasonally
true
23) For humans inactivated tick-borne encephalomyelitis virus vaccines are also available.
true
1) Migratory birds play a role in the transmission of West Nile virus
true
2) Mammals are mostly accidental hosts of West Nile Fever virus
true
3) West Nile Fever is a notifiable disease
true
4) In West Nile epidemics wild bird mortality is usually observed before horse and human cases can be detected
true
5) To prevent West Nile Fever, vaccine is available for horses
true
6) The West Nile Fever can be diagnosed unambiguously by the clinical signs
false
7) The West Nile Fever virus infects mostly swine and cattle
false
8) The West Nile virus may cause encephalitis in humans and in horses
true
9) Horses and humans do not play a significant role in the transmission of West Nile virus
true
10) The West Nile fever epidemics occur usually at the end of summer and during Autumn
true
11) WNV typically causes reproductive problems in cattle
false
12) Fomites play the most significant role in the transmission of WNV
false
13) West Nile Virus is only present in Africa
false
14) Wild birds are the natural hosts of West Nile virus
true
15) WNV causes central nervous signs in 80-90% of the infections
false
16) WNV cannot be isolated in cell cultures
false
17) Vaccines are available for the prevention of horses from WNV infections
true
18) Horses are the reservoirs host of WNV
false
19) Different genetic lineages of West Nile virus are circulating in Europe.
true
20) Various strains of WNV, belonging to different genetic lineages are circulating in Europe
true
21) There is no vaccine available for humans against WNV infection yet
true
22) Mosquitoes are the principle vectors of the WNV
true
23) The weather does not influence the occurrence of WNV outbreaks
false
24) The sero-diagnostics of WNV is complicated by cross-reactions with related flaviviruses
true
25) Certain predatory bird species are particularly sensitive to WNV infections
true
26) The use of repellents may reduce the risk of infection with WNV
true
27) The weather influences the emergence of West Nile Virus outbreaks, through its effect on mosquito propagation dynamics
true
28) Laboratory diagnosis should confirm the aetiology of West Nile encephalitis
true
29) West-Nile fever practically is restricted to Africa
false
30) The most important maintaining hosts of West Nile fever virus are water birds
true
31) Clinical signs of West Nile fever are most frequently seen in birds, horses and humans
true
32) Neurological signs develop only in a small percentage of the diseased animals
true
33) West Nile fever occurs worldwide
true
34) Vectors of West Nile fever virus are different mosquito species
true
35) The host range of West Nile virus is very wide
true
36) Humans are not susceptible to West Nile disease virus
false
37) The sero-diagnostics of West Nile virus is complicated by cross-reactions with related flaviviruses
true
38) The West Nile Virus is genetically uniform, but at least 15 serotypes are known
false
39) Fomites play the most significant role in the transmission of the West Nile Virus
false
40) The principal vectors of the West Nile Virus are midges.
false
41) West Nile Virus mainly causes diarrhoea in sheep
false
42) West Nile Virus cannot be isolated in cell cultures.
false
43) West Nile Virus is the only known zoonotic flavivirus
false
1) The Japanese encephalitis virus causes abortion in swine
true
1) The Wesselsbron disease causes meningoencephalitis in turkey
false
1) The yellow fever virus causes liver damages
true
1) The zika virus causes fever, rash and conjunctivitis in humans
true
1) BVDV can be frequently detected in the background of respiratory diseases
true
2) BVD virus is particularly resistant to disinfectants
false
3) Rodents play a central role in the maintenance of BVD virus in the environment
false
4) Cytopathic and non-cytopathic biotypes of the Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) virus are known
true
5) In utero infection with non-cytopathic BVDV can cause seropositivity of the newborn calf
true
6) Non cytopathic strains of Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) can cause hydrocephalus and cerebellar hypoplasia
false
7) In utero infection with non cytopathic BVDV can cause immunotolerance
true
8) In utero infection with cytopathic BVDV strain results immunotolerant calves
false
9) Swine are not susceptible to BVD
false
10) Two serotypes of the BVD virus are known so far, serotype 2 is more virulent
true
11) Pigs infected with BVDV turn seropositive to classical swine fever
true
12) Persistently infected cattle can maintain BVDV in a farm
true
13) Cytopathic strains of Bovine Viral diarrhoea (BVDV) alone can cause mucosal disease
false
14) Non-cytopathic BVD virus strain can mutate and become cytopathic
true
15) The BVD virus can infect pigs also
true
16) Cytopathic strains of the Bovine Viral Diarrhoea virus (BVDV) can cause abortion
true
17) Non cytopathic strains of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea virus (BVDV) do not cause transplacental infection
false
18) Intrauterine BVD virus infection always causes abortion
false
19) Cattle which are immune tolerant to BVD virus may develop mucosal disease
true
20) In sheep BVDV causes symptoms similar to border disease
true
21) Mucosal disease can develop in cattle persistently infected with BVDV
true
22) Non cytopathic strains of Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) can cause immunosuppression
true
23) BVDV can be transmitted by semen
true
24) BVD virus cannot be transmitted via artificial insemination
false
25) In mucosal disease sharp edged, usually round or oval ulcers can be observed on the oral mucosa
true
26) In mucosal disease haemorrhages can be observed under the serosal surfaces and in the kidney cortex
true
27) Bloody diarrhoea is a clinical sign of the mucosal disease
true
28) BVD virus cannot be propagated in cell cultures
false
29) Mucosal disease usually emerges in cattle farms as explosive outbreaks with high morbidity
false
30) BVD and mucosal disease are caused by the same viral species
true
31) Attenuated vaccine strains against the bovine viral diarrhoea virus may have foetopathic effects
true
32) Eradication programmes against the bovine viral diarrhoea virus are usually based on the selection of immunotolerant animals
true
33) Eradication of BVD virus is based on the removal of immunotolerant animals
true
34) The only efficient way of BVD eradication is the replacement of all animals on the farm
false
35) Two genotypes of the BVDV are known
true
36) BVDV forms one serotype, but there are significant antigenic differences between the strains
true
37) Persistently infected animals play the major role in the maintenance and spread of BVDV
true
38) BVDV infection may cause immunosuppression
true
39) Bovine neonatal pancytopenia (BNP) is an immunopathy observed in immunotolerant, BVDV infected calves
false
40) Bovine neonatal pancytopenia (BNP) is caused by a bovine viral diarrhea
false
41) The BVD virus typically damages endothelial-, epithelial- and lymphatic tissues
true
42) Wild birds are the natural hosts of the BVDV
false
43) Environmental contamination does not play a role in the spread of the BVDV
true, should be false
44) Only inactivated vaccines can be used for the prevention against BVD
false
45) The BVD virus genotype 2 is less virulent than genotype 1
false
46) BVD clinically is mostly seen in cattle from 6 to 24 months of age
true
47) BVD virus can cause severe damage to fetuses in pregnant cows
true
48) Only cattle is susceptible to BVD virus
false
49) BVD virus exists in several serotypes
false
50) BVD infection of pregnant cows can result in delivery of immunotolerant persistently infected calves
true
51) Bulls can shed BVD virus for long time in semen, without showing any clinical sign
true
52) Both attenuated live and inactivated vaccines are used in eradication of BVD
true
53) BVDV is practically sensitive to disinfectants
true
54) Rodents play a central role in the maintenance of BVD virus in the environment.
false
55) Bovine Viral Diarrhoea cannot be transmitted with AI
false
56) Mucosal Disease, only inactivated vaccines can be used for the prevention against BVD
false
57) Cytopathic BVDV strains cause mucosal disease in immune-tolerant calves.
true
58) Because Europe is free from BVD, it is forbidden to use vaccines against it
false
59) Because IBDV is an immunosuppressive virus, no vaccines available against it
false
1) The Border disease virus causes pneumonia in sheep
false
2) The border disease is present only in the United Kingdom
false
3) The border disease virus frequently causes encephalitis in ewes
false
4) Goats can be infected with border disease
true
5) Border disease in most frequently seen in horses
false
6) In utero border disease virus infection may cause immunotolerance
true
7) The Border disease is a haemorrhagic, respiratory syndrome in sheep
false
8) Border disease of sheep is mainly characterized by foetal damages
true
9) Border disease appears as foetal damage in pregnant ewes
true
10) Border disease is a respiratory and enteric disease of lambs
false
11) Border disease occurs in Hungary
true
12) Border disease causes abortion in ewes
true
13) Border disease of sheep can be controlled by screening for carriers.
true
1) Haemorrhagic enteritis is a characteristic pathological lesion of Classical swine fever
true
2) Classical Swine Fever is frequently complicated with bacterial infections.
true
3) Classical swine fever virus can be transmitted by raw pork products
true
4) Classical swine fever virus can retain its infectivity for 6 months in frozen meat
true
5) The CSFV may survive in frozen meat for months
true
6) During necropsy enlarged bloody lymph nodes can be seen in Classical swine fever cases
true
7) Because of endothelial damage Classical swine fever results in haemorrhages
true
8) In acute Classical swine fever, at the beginning obstipation, later diarrhoea can be observed
true
9) Classical swine fever targets the bone marrow stem cells
true
10) Erysipelas and Porcine circovirus 2 infections may cause clinical signs and pathology lesions similar to CSF
true
11) Weakness of the hind legs and ataxia are clinical signs of Classical Swine Fever
true
12) Ischaemic infarcts at the edges of the spleen are postmortem lesions of subacute Classical Swine Fever
true
13) The boutons in the intestines are characteristic lesions in subacute Classical Swine Fever
true
14) Kidney haemorrhage is a characteristic lesion of Classical Swine Fever
true
15) Hemorrhages are the most typical lesions of acute CSF
true
16) During necropsy of acute Classical swine fever cases, haemorrhages can be seen in the gastric mucosa
true
17) Among Classical Swine Fever clinical signs CNS and eye problems can be observed
true
18) The CSFV causes central nervous signs only in suckling piglets
false
19) Classical swine fever infection during the first half of pregnancy results in the birth of immunotolerant piglets
true
20) CSF infection during the first of half of pregnancy can lead to abortion
true
21) Classical swine fever infection in the second half of the pregnancy leads to foetal development problems
false
22) Shedding of Classical swine fever virus starts 1 week after the infection
false
23) The shedding of CSFV begins 1-2 days after the appearance of clinical signs
true
24) The domestic swine population of most European countries are free from CSF
true
25) Classical swine fever causes oronasal infection
true
26) Classical swine fever can be transmitted by mating
true
27) CSF can cause transplacental infections
true
28) CSFV may case reproductive disorders
true
29) Classical swine fever targets lymphatic tissues
true
30) CSF infections result in thrombocytopenia
true
31) Clinical signs of Classical Swine fever are mainly seen in 6-12 week old piglets in vaccinated herds
true
32) Classical swine fever infection during the first half of pregnancy can lead to abortion
true
33) Wild boars play the main role in the maintenance of CSF virus in endemic areas
true
34) Wild boar may play a role in the maintenance and spread of CSFV
true
35) In Europe it is obligatory to vaccinate against Classical swine fever
false
36) In acute Classical swine fever skin haemorrhages and bloody nasal discharge can be observed
true
37) Normal sized spleen can be observed in uncomplicated cases of subacute Classical swine fever
true
38) Classical swine fever infection results in immunosuppression
true
39) All wild type strains of classical swine fever virus are highly virulent
false
40) Six distinct serotypes of CSF virus are recognized so far
false
41) CSF virus is an arbovirus
false
42) CSF virus is a zoonotic agent
false
43) Pigs shed CSF virus only during the clinical stage of the disease
false
44) Central nervous signs might be seen in classical swine fever
true
45) Based on pathology and clinical signs, chronic classical swine fever is easy to diagnose
false
46) Fomites do not play a role in the transmission of the Classical Swine Fever Virus
false
47) Swine shed CSFV only in the terminal phase of the disease
false
48) Europe is free from CSFV
false
49) Classical Swine Fever is always an acute disease with high mortality in wild boars
false
50) The large intestine are the earliest lesions in Classical Swine Fever
false
51) The diagnosis of Classical Swine Fever is based on paired serum investigations
false
52) Porcine circovirus 2 may cause lesions similar to Classical Swine Fever
true
53) Low virulence strains of CSFV may cause reproductive problems
true
54) CSFV may damage the lymphatic tissues and blood vessel endothelial cells
true
55) Swine can shed CSFV in the incubation period
true
56) Skin suffusions and haemorrhages are signs of Classical Swine Fever
true
57) The clinical signs of African Swine Fever and Classical Swine Fever are very different.
false
58) Contaminated pork meat can play a role in the transmission of CSFV
true
59) Attenuated vaccines are developed for immunization of swine against CSFV
true
60) All known strains of the Classical Swine Fever virus are of highly virulence
false
61) The Classical Swine Fever may appear in a milder form in wild boar than in domestic swine
true
62) Classical swine fever virus is shed with faces, when boutons appear in the intestines
false
63) Classical swine fever can be eradicated from wild boar populations by oral vaccination.
false
64) Classical swine fever virus is rarely complicated by secondary infections
false
65) Classical swine fever can be diagnosed easily by the characteristic symptoms and lesions
false
66) Acute classical swine fever can cause haemorrhagic pneumonia
true
67) Classical swine fever virus doesn’t induce neutralizing antibody production
false
68) Classical swine fever virus is inactivated in chilled meat at -20°C
false
69) Classical swine fever virus can cause immunotolerance in swine
true
70) Only DIVA vaccines should be used to prevent classical swine fever in swine stocks.
false
71) Classical swine fever virus causes lympho-histiocytic encephalitis in pigs
true
72) Classical swine fever virus causes lympho-histiocytic encephalitis in carnivores
false
73) Classical swine fever Virus spreads slowly in the host and causes mainly chronic disease
false
74) Complicated forms of the Classical swine fever are rarely seen.
false
75) Classical swine fever can unambiguously diagnosed by the clinical signs and pathology
false
76) Low virulence strains of CSFV may lead to asymptomatic infection
true
77) CSF is spread via infected pigs
true
78) Sows infected by CSF will have immunotolerant piglets
true
79) Piglets of sows vaccinated against CSF are vaccinated at 6-12 months
false
80) To prevent CSF, we vaccinate pigs older than 6 months of age with live vaccine
false
81) To prevent CSF we use inactivated vaccines made from the Chinese strain
false
82) Shedding may start 2-3 days after first clinical signs
false
83) CSF can be prevented by inactivated vaccines
false
84) CSF can hardly be distinguished from African swine fever.
true
85) CSF always causes abortion in pigs
false
86) Hungary does not have to make any preventative action against CSF
false
87) Incubation of CSF is 8-22 days.
true
88) CSF was first written about in USA
true
89) First symptom of CSF is drooping ears
false
90) CSF virus has good resistance
true
91) Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is mainly transmitted by mosquitoes
false
92) The presence of CSFV in a herd does not influence reproduction parameters
false
93) CSF is frequently complicated with bacterial infections
true
94) The clinical signs of CSF and ASF are similar
true
95) Central nervous signs are never seen in CSF
false
96) Serological cross reactions my occur between BVD virus and CSFV
false, should be true
97) Only inactivated vaccines are available against CSFV.
false
98) It is a disease of domestic swine and wild boars, but several other species are also suceptible
false
99) Only domestic swine and wild boars are susceptible
true
100) Fever, anorexia haemorrhages in the skin and weakness of the hind legs are the most important signs
true
101) For prevention state medical steps and vaccination are used in Europe
false
102) The CSFV typically damages endothelial- and lymphatic tissues
true
103) In Europe vaccination of domestic pigs against Classical swine fever is common
false
104) Classical swine fever is a notifiable disease in Europe
true
105) In Europe vaccination of domestic swine populations against CSF is compulsory
false
106) Classical swine fever virus strains are classified into several serotypes
false
107) In subacute CSF we can observe signs of pneumonia during necropsies
true
