Flaviviruses Flashcards
1
Q
1) Serological cross reactions frequently occur between related flaviviruses
A
true
2
Q
2) Flavivirus from distinct serotypes without serological cross-reactions
A
false
3
Q
3) Many of the flaviviruses are zoonotic agents
A
true
4
Q
4) Pestiviruses are zoonotic
A
false
5
Q
5) Pestiviruses are arboviruses
A
false
6
Q
6) Viruses of the Pestivirus genus are more resistant in the environment than the members of the Flavivirus genus
A
true
7
Q
7) Viruses of the Pestivirus genus are more resistant in the environment than the other members of the Flavivirus genus
A
true
8
Q
8) Yellow fever virus and Dengue virus are human pathogens
A
true
9
Q
9) Flaviviruses are resistant to lipid solvents
A
false
10
Q
1) Louping ill is seen in cattle in North America
A
false
11
Q
2) The louping ill was introduced to Australia to control rabbit population
A
false
12
Q
3) The louping ill is seen in cattle in Great Britain and Scandinavia
A
false
13
Q
4) The principle vector of the Louping ill virus is Rhipicephalus appendiculatus
A
false
14
Q
5) Louping ill is present only in tropical and subtropical countries
A
false
15
Q
6) Louping ill is most frequently seen in sheep
A
true
16
Q
7) Abortion and foetal malformations are the most typical signs of louping ill in sheep
A
false
17
Q
8) The Louping Ill is seen in rabbits in Australia
A
false
18
Q
9) Louping ill is usually seen in rabbits
A
false
19
Q
10) Differential diagnoses of Louping-Ill: Listeria, Rabies, Scrapie
A
true
20
Q
11) Louping-Ill is a disease of swine
A
false
21
Q
12) Louping ill occurs in the Far-East
A
false
22
Q
13) Louping ill is transmitted by mosquitoes and midges
A
false
23
Q
1) The tick borne encephalitis is endemic in central Europe
A
true
24
Q
2) The main vectors of tick borne encephalitis virus are sylvatic mammalian species
A
false
25
3) The tick borne encephalitis virus can be transmitted via consumption of raw milk
true
26
4) The consumption of raw goat milk is a possible source of human tick borne encephalitis
true
27
5) Biphasic fever is a characteristic of TBE
true
28
6) The Tick-borne encephalitis is widespread in North America
false
29
7) Consumption of contaminated, raw goat milk is a possible source of human tick-borne encephalitis virus infection
true
30
8) Inactivated vaccines are used for the prevention of humans from tick-borne encephalitis
true
31
9) The main vectors of the tick-borne encephalitis virus are Hyalomma and Dermocentor species
false
32
10) The tick-borne encephalitis virus is resistant to detergents
false
33
11) Mainly birds develop tick-borne encephalitis
false
34
12) Tick-borne encephalitis is mainly seen in humans
false
35
13) Tick-borne encephalitis viruses are present only in tropical regions
false
36
14) Inactivated vaccines are available against tick-borne encephalitis for humans
true
37
15) The tick-borne encephalitis is widespread in North America
false
38
16) Tick-borne encephalomyelitis mainly occurs clinically in humans
true
39
17) Tick-borne encephalomyelitis occurs throughout Europe and Asia
true
40
18) Tick-borne encephalomyelitis exists as natural foci infections
true
41
19) Ruminants are long term carries of tick-borne encephalomyelitis virus
false
42
20) Tick-borne encephalomyelitis most frequently is seen clinically in ruminants
false
43
21) Occasionally tick-borne encephalomyelitis virus can be transmitted to humans via consuming raw milk
true
44
22) Tick-borne encephalomyelitis occurs seasonally
true
45
23) For humans inactivated tick-borne encephalomyelitis virus vaccines are also available.
true
46
1) Migratory birds play a role in the transmission of West Nile virus
true
47
2) Mammals are mostly accidental hosts of West Nile Fever virus
true
48
3) West Nile Fever is a notifiable disease
true
49
4) In West Nile epidemics wild bird mortality is usually observed before horse and human cases can be detected
true
50
5) To prevent West Nile Fever, vaccine is available for horses
true
51
6) The West Nile Fever can be diagnosed unambiguously by the clinical signs
false
52
7) The West Nile Fever virus infects mostly swine and cattle
false
53
8) The West Nile virus may cause encephalitis in humans and in horses
true
54
9) Horses and humans do not play a significant role in the transmission of West Nile virus
true
55
10) The West Nile fever epidemics occur usually at the end of summer and during Autumn
true
56
11) WNV typically causes reproductive problems in cattle
false
57
12) Fomites play the most significant role in the transmission of WNV
false
58
13) West Nile Virus is only present in Africa
false
59
14) Wild birds are the natural hosts of West Nile virus
true
60
15) WNV causes central nervous signs in 80-90% of the infections
false
61
16) WNV cannot be isolated in cell cultures
false
62
17) Vaccines are available for the prevention of horses from WNV infections
true
63
18) Horses are the reservoirs host of WNV
false
64
19) Different genetic lineages of West Nile virus are circulating in Europe.
true
65
20) Various strains of WNV, belonging to different genetic lineages are circulating in Europe
true
66
21) There is no vaccine available for humans against WNV infection yet
true
67
22) Mosquitoes are the principle vectors of the WNV
true
68
23) The weather does not influence the occurrence of WNV outbreaks
false
69
24) The sero-diagnostics of WNV is complicated by cross-reactions with related flaviviruses
true
70
25) Certain predatory bird species are particularly sensitive to WNV infections
true
71
26) The use of repellents may reduce the risk of infection with WNV
true
72
27) The weather influences the emergence of West Nile Virus outbreaks, through its effect on mosquito propagation dynamics
true
73
28) Laboratory diagnosis should confirm the aetiology of West Nile encephalitis
true
74
29) West-Nile fever practically is restricted to Africa
false
75
30) The most important maintaining hosts of West Nile fever virus are water birds
true
76
31) Clinical signs of West Nile fever are most frequently seen in birds, horses and humans
true
77
32) Neurological signs develop only in a small percentage of the diseased animals
true
78
33) West Nile fever occurs worldwide
true
79
34) Vectors of West Nile fever virus are different mosquito species
true
80
35) The host range of West Nile virus is very wide
true
81
36) Humans are not susceptible to West Nile disease virus
false
82
37) The sero-diagnostics of West Nile virus is complicated by cross-reactions with related flaviviruses
true
83
38) The West Nile Virus is genetically uniform, but at least 15 serotypes are known
false
84
39) Fomites play the most significant role in the transmission of the West Nile Virus
false
85
40) The principal vectors of the West Nile Virus are midges.
false
86
41) West Nile Virus mainly causes diarrhoea in sheep
false
87
42) West Nile Virus cannot be isolated in cell cultures.
false
88
43) West Nile Virus is the only known zoonotic flavivirus
false
89
1) The Japanese encephalitis virus causes abortion in swine
true
90
1) The Wesselsbron disease causes meningoencephalitis in turkey
false
91
1) The yellow fever virus causes liver damages
true
92
1) The zika virus causes fever, rash and conjunctivitis in humans
true
93
1) BVDV can be frequently detected in the background of respiratory diseases
true
94
2) BVD virus is particularly resistant to disinfectants
false
95
3) Rodents play a central role in the maintenance of BVD virus in the environment
false
96
4) Cytopathic and non-cytopathic biotypes of the Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) virus are known
true
97
5) In utero infection with non-cytopathic BVDV can cause seropositivity of the newborn calf
true
98
6) Non cytopathic strains of Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) can cause hydrocephalus and cerebellar hypoplasia
false
99
7) In utero infection with non cytopathic BVDV can cause immunotolerance
true
100
8) In utero infection with cytopathic BVDV strain results immunotolerant calves
false
101
9) Swine are not susceptible to BVD
false
102
10) Two serotypes of the BVD virus are known so far, serotype 2 is more virulent
true
103
11) Pigs infected with BVDV turn seropositive to classical swine fever
true
104
12) Persistently infected cattle can maintain BVDV in a farm
true
105
13) Cytopathic strains of Bovine Viral diarrhoea (BVDV) alone can cause mucosal disease
false
106
14) Non-cytopathic BVD virus strain can mutate and become cytopathic
true
107
15) The BVD virus can infect pigs also
true
108
16) Cytopathic strains of the Bovine Viral Diarrhoea virus (BVDV) can cause abortion
true
109
17) Non cytopathic strains of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea virus (BVDV) do not cause transplacental infection
false
110
18) Intrauterine BVD virus infection always causes abortion
false
111
19) Cattle which are immune tolerant to BVD virus may develop mucosal disease
true
112
20) In sheep BVDV causes symptoms similar to border disease
true
113
21) Mucosal disease can develop in cattle persistently infected with BVDV
true
114
22) Non cytopathic strains of Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) can cause immunosuppression
true
115
23) BVDV can be transmitted by semen
true
116
24) BVD virus cannot be transmitted via artificial insemination
false
117
25) In mucosal disease sharp edged, usually round or oval ulcers can be observed on the oral mucosa
true
118
26) In mucosal disease haemorrhages can be observed under the serosal surfaces and in the kidney cortex
true
119
27) Bloody diarrhoea is a clinical sign of the mucosal disease
true
120
28) BVD virus cannot be propagated in cell cultures
false
121
29) Mucosal disease usually emerges in cattle farms as explosive outbreaks with high morbidity
false
122
30) BVD and mucosal disease are caused by the same viral species
true
123
31) Attenuated vaccine strains against the bovine viral diarrhoea virus may have foetopathic effects
true
124
32) Eradication programmes against the bovine viral diarrhoea virus are usually based on the selection of immunotolerant animals
true
125
33) Eradication of BVD virus is based on the removal of immunotolerant animals
true
126
34) The only efficient way of BVD eradication is the replacement of all animals on the farm
false
127
35) Two genotypes of the BVDV are known
true
128
36) BVDV forms one serotype, but there are significant antigenic differences between the strains
true
129
37) Persistently infected animals play the major role in the maintenance and spread of BVDV
true
130
38) BVDV infection may cause immunosuppression
true
131
39) Bovine neonatal pancytopenia (BNP) is an immunopathy observed in immunotolerant, BVDV infected calves
false
132
40) Bovine neonatal pancytopenia (BNP) is caused by a bovine viral diarrhea
false
133
41) The BVD virus typically damages endothelial-, epithelial- and lymphatic tissues
true
134
42) Wild birds are the natural hosts of the BVDV
false
135
43) Environmental contamination does not play a role in the spread of the BVDV
true, should be false
136
44) Only inactivated vaccines can be used for the prevention against BVD
false
137
45) The BVD virus genotype 2 is less virulent than genotype 1
false
138
46) BVD clinically is mostly seen in cattle from 6 to 24 months of age
true
139
47) BVD virus can cause severe damage to fetuses in pregnant cows
true
140
48) Only cattle is susceptible to BVD virus
false
141
49) BVD virus exists in several serotypes
false
142
50) BVD infection of pregnant cows can result in delivery of immunotolerant persistently infected calves
true
143
51) Bulls can shed BVD virus for long time in semen, without showing any clinical sign
true
144
52) Both attenuated live and inactivated vaccines are used in eradication of BVD
true
145
53) BVDV is practically sensitive to disinfectants
true
146
54) Rodents play a central role in the maintenance of BVD virus in the environment.
false
147
55) Bovine Viral Diarrhoea cannot be transmitted with AI
false
148
56) Mucosal Disease, only inactivated vaccines can be used for the prevention against BVD
false
149
57) Cytopathic BVDV strains cause mucosal disease in immune-tolerant calves.
true
150
58) Because Europe is free from BVD, it is forbidden to use vaccines against it
false
151
59) Because IBDV is an immunosuppressive virus, no vaccines available against it
false
152
1) The Border disease virus causes pneumonia in sheep
false
153
2) The border disease is present only in the United Kingdom
false
154
3) The border disease virus frequently causes encephalitis in ewes
false
155
4) Goats can be infected with border disease
true
156
5) Border disease in most frequently seen in horses
false
157
6) In utero border disease virus infection may cause immunotolerance
true
158
7) The Border disease is a haemorrhagic, respiratory syndrome in sheep
false
159
8) Border disease of sheep is mainly characterized by foetal damages
true
160
9) Border disease appears as foetal damage in pregnant ewes
true
161
10) Border disease is a respiratory and enteric disease of lambs
false
162
11) Border disease occurs in Hungary
true
163
12) Border disease causes abortion in ewes
true
164
13) Border disease of sheep can be controlled by screening for carriers.
true
165
1) Haemorrhagic enteritis is a characteristic pathological lesion of Classical swine fever
true
166
2) Classical Swine Fever is frequently complicated with bacterial infections.
true
167
3) Classical swine fever virus can be transmitted by raw pork products
true
168
4) Classical swine fever virus can retain its infectivity for 6 months in frozen meat
true
169
5) The CSFV may survive in frozen meat for months
true
170
6) During necropsy enlarged bloody lymph nodes can be seen in Classical swine fever cases
true
171
7) Because of endothelial damage Classical swine fever results in haemorrhages
true
172
8) In acute Classical swine fever, at the beginning obstipation, later diarrhoea can be observed
true
173
9) Classical swine fever targets the bone marrow stem cells
true
174
10) Erysipelas and Porcine circovirus 2 infections may cause clinical signs and pathology lesions similar to CSF
true
175
11) Weakness of the hind legs and ataxia are clinical signs of Classical Swine Fever
true
176
12) Ischaemic infarcts at the edges of the spleen are postmortem lesions of subacute Classical Swine Fever
true
177
13) The boutons in the intestines are characteristic lesions in subacute Classical Swine Fever
true
178
14) Kidney haemorrhage is a characteristic lesion of Classical Swine Fever
true
179
15) Hemorrhages are the most typical lesions of acute CSF
true
180
16) During necropsy of acute Classical swine fever cases, haemorrhages can be seen in the gastric mucosa
true
181
17) Among Classical Swine Fever clinical signs CNS and eye problems can be observed
true
182
18) The CSFV causes central nervous signs only in suckling piglets
false
183
19) Classical swine fever infection during the first half of pregnancy results in the birth of immunotolerant piglets
true
184
20) CSF infection during the first of half of pregnancy can lead to abortion
true
185
21) Classical swine fever infection in the second half of the pregnancy leads to foetal development problems
false
186
22) Shedding of Classical swine fever virus starts 1 week after the infection
false
187
23) The shedding of CSFV begins 1-2 days after the appearance of clinical signs
true
188
24) The domestic swine population of most European countries are free from CSF
true
189
25) Classical swine fever causes oronasal infection
true
190
26) Classical swine fever can be transmitted by mating
true
191
27) CSF can cause transplacental infections
true
192
28) CSFV may case reproductive disorders
true
193
29) Classical swine fever targets lymphatic tissues
true
194
30) CSF infections result in thrombocytopenia
true
195
31) Clinical signs of Classical Swine fever are mainly seen in 6-12 week old piglets in vaccinated herds
true
196
32) Classical swine fever infection during the first half of pregnancy can lead to abortion
true
197
33) Wild boars play the main role in the maintenance of CSF virus in endemic areas
true
198
34) Wild boar may play a role in the maintenance and spread of CSFV
true
199
35) In Europe it is obligatory to vaccinate against Classical swine fever
false
200
36) In acute Classical swine fever skin haemorrhages and bloody nasal discharge can be observed
true
201
37) Normal sized spleen can be observed in uncomplicated cases of subacute Classical swine fever
true
202
38) Classical swine fever infection results in immunosuppression
true
203
39) All wild type strains of classical swine fever virus are highly virulent
false
204
40) Six distinct serotypes of CSF virus are recognized so far
false
205
41) CSF virus is an arbovirus
false
206
42) CSF virus is a zoonotic agent
false
207
43) Pigs shed CSF virus only during the clinical stage of the disease
false
208
44) Central nervous signs might be seen in classical swine fever
true
209
45) Based on pathology and clinical signs, chronic classical swine fever is easy to diagnose
false
210
46) Fomites do not play a role in the transmission of the Classical Swine Fever Virus
false
211
47) Swine shed CSFV only in the terminal phase of the disease
false
212
48) Europe is free from CSFV
false
213
49) Classical Swine Fever is always an acute disease with high mortality in wild boars
false
214
50) The large intestine are the earliest lesions in Classical Swine Fever
false
215
51) The diagnosis of Classical Swine Fever is based on paired serum investigations
false
216
52) Porcine circovirus 2 may cause lesions similar to Classical Swine Fever
true
217
53) Low virulence strains of CSFV may cause reproductive problems
true
218
54) CSFV may damage the lymphatic tissues and blood vessel endothelial cells
true
219
55) Swine can shed CSFV in the incubation period
true
220
56) Skin suffusions and haemorrhages are signs of Classical Swine Fever
true
221
57) The clinical signs of African Swine Fever and Classical Swine Fever are very different.
false
222
58) Contaminated pork meat can play a role in the transmission of CSFV
true
223
59) Attenuated vaccines are developed for immunization of swine against CSFV
true
224
60) All known strains of the Classical Swine Fever virus are of highly virulence
false
225
61) The Classical Swine Fever may appear in a milder form in wild boar than in domestic swine
true
226
62) Classical swine fever virus is shed with faces, when boutons appear in the intestines
false
227
63) Classical swine fever can be eradicated from wild boar populations by oral vaccination.
false
228
64) Classical swine fever virus is rarely complicated by secondary infections
false
229
65) Classical swine fever can be diagnosed easily by the characteristic symptoms and lesions
false
230
66) Acute classical swine fever can cause haemorrhagic pneumonia
true
231
67) Classical swine fever virus doesn't induce neutralizing antibody production
false
232
68) Classical swine fever virus is inactivated in chilled meat at -20°C
false
233
69) Classical swine fever virus can cause immunotolerance in swine
true
234
70) Only DIVA vaccines should be used to prevent classical swine fever in swine stocks.
false
235
71) Classical swine fever virus causes lympho-histiocytic encephalitis in pigs
true
236
72) Classical swine fever virus causes lympho-histiocytic encephalitis in carnivores
false
237
73) Classical swine fever Virus spreads slowly in the host and causes mainly chronic disease
false
238
74) Complicated forms of the Classical swine fever are rarely seen.
false
239
75) Classical swine fever can unambiguously diagnosed by the clinical signs and pathology
false
240
76) Low virulence strains of CSFV may lead to asymptomatic infection
true
241
77) CSF is spread via infected pigs
true
242
78) Sows infected by CSF will have immunotolerant piglets
true
243
79) Piglets of sows vaccinated against CSF are vaccinated at 6-12 months
false
244
80) To prevent CSF, we vaccinate pigs older than 6 months of age with live vaccine
false
245
81) To prevent CSF we use inactivated vaccines made from the Chinese strain
false
246
82) Shedding may start 2-3 days after first clinical signs
false
247
83) CSF can be prevented by inactivated vaccines
false
248
84) CSF can hardly be distinguished from African swine fever.
true
249
85) CSF always causes abortion in pigs
false
250
86) Hungary does not have to make any preventative action against CSF
false
251
87) Incubation of CSF is 8-22 days.
true
252
88) CSF was first written about in USA
true
253
89) First symptom of CSF is drooping ears
false
254
90) CSF virus has good resistance
true
255
91) Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is mainly transmitted by mosquitoes
false
256
92) The presence of CSFV in a herd does not influence reproduction parameters
false
257
93) CSF is frequently complicated with bacterial infections
true
258
94) The clinical signs of CSF and ASF are similar
true
259
95) Central nervous signs are never seen in CSF
false
260
96) Serological cross reactions my occur between BVD virus and CSFV
false, should be true
261
97) Only inactivated vaccines are available against CSFV.
false
262
98) It is a disease of domestic swine and wild boars, but several other species are also suceptible
false
263
99) Only domestic swine and wild boars are susceptible
true
264
100) Fever, anorexia haemorrhages in the skin and weakness of the hind legs are the most important signs
true
265
101) For prevention state medical steps and vaccination are used in Europe
false
266
102) The CSFV typically damages endothelial- and lymphatic tissues
true
267
103) In Europe vaccination of domestic pigs against Classical swine fever is common
false
268
104) Classical swine fever is a notifiable disease in Europe
true
269
105) In Europe vaccination of domestic swine populations against CSF is compulsory
false
270
106) Classical swine fever virus strains are classified into several serotypes
false
271
107) In subacute CSF we can observe signs of pneumonia during necropsies
true
