Brucella Flashcards
1) Among the Brucella species Brucella melilentis is the most pathogenic species for humans
true
2) Brucella species cannot tolerate high temperature (60 °C) and low pH (pH: 4).
true
3) Rose-Bengal test is used for the detection of antibodies against brucellae
true
4) Brucellae can be detected by staining in the placenta of aborted foetuses in the case of brucellosis
true
5) Humans can acquire brucellosis from raw milk
true
6) Europe is free from Brucella ovis
false
7) Undulant fever, malaise, inappetence, fatigue, and muscle and joint pains can be the clinical sings of human brucellosis
true
8) Brucella species are generally zoonotic agents
true
9) Brucella are facultative IC agents
true
10) Brucella is generally a notifiable disease
true
11) More than one serological test must be carried out from one serum sample at the same time in the case of serodiagnostics of brucellosis
true
12) Brucellosis is a chronic disease
true
13) Brucella species are gram-negative, fastidious, coccoid rod-shaped bacteria
true
14) There is a serological relationship among some brucella species, because of the same polysaccharides in the cell wall
true
15) Worldwide distribution is characteristic for brucellosis
true
16) Köster staining is used for staining of brucellae
true
17) Brucella can be both acute or chronic in humans
true
18) Brucella melitensis is endemic in Mediterranean area
true
19) Brucella species are serologically uniform
false
20) Brucella species need cysteine or cystine as an additive for the culture
false
21) Brucella species are not zoonotic agents
false
22) Susceptibility of humans to different Brucella species is different
true
23) Consumption of raw milk is an important route of human Brucella infection
true
24) Brucella need chocolate agar to culture
false
25) There is a close antigenic relationship between B. ovis and B. melitensis
false
26) B. suis is a zoonotic agent.
true
27) Brucella ovis needs CO2 to culture
true
28) Brucella are Gram-positive and Köster-positive bacteria
false
29) The antigens of Brucella are uniform
false
30) The majority of the Brucella species can infect humans
true
31) Brucella are not fastidious bacteria, they can be cultured on simple nutrient agar
false
32) Brucella species are non-motile, Gram-negative, small coccoid rods
true
33) There is a serological relationship among B. abortus, B. melitensis and B. ovis, because of the same surface polysaccharides
false
34) There are no brucellosis-free countries in the world
false
35) There is close antigenic relationship between Brucella bovis and Brucella ovis
false
36) Brucella canis is stained red as a result of Köster-staining
false
37) Brucella species are not fastidious bacteria, we can use nutrient agar in diagnostic work
false
38) There is a strong relationship in antigenic structure of Brucella canis and Brucella ovis
true
39) Fetus, fetal membrane and blood sample from the dam must be send to the diagnostic institute in abortion case
true
40) Human brucellosis was described for the first time by David Bruce in Malta Island in 1886
true
41) Brucella abortus stains red as a result of Köster-staining
true
42) There is a strong relationship in the antigenic structure of B. melitensis and B. suis
true
43) All of the Brucella species are zoonotic agents
false
44) Vaccination is a regularly used prevention method in the brucellosis free countries of EU.
false
45) In the case of a same serum sample it is advisable to carry out more serological tests for the detection of antibodies against Brucella species, because different serological tests can show different results
true
46) Rev I. is an inactivated vaccine strain
false
47) There are no differences in serological features of Brucella species with veterinary importance
false
48) With Köster-staining all Brucella are positive.
true, should be false, ovis and canis are negative
49) Sheep and goat are the reservoirs for Brucella
false
50) Hungary is Brucella free
false
51) Humans are resistant to Brucella melitensis
false
52) Raw milk consumption can be the source of human brucellosis
true
53) Vaccination against brucellosis is common in the EU
true
54) Attenuated vaccine strains can cause abortion in pregnant animals
true
55) Focal necrosis and inflammation are seen in fetuses aborted due to Brucella
true
56) Brucella is an obligate pathogen
true
57) Brucella are a notifiable disease
true
brucella can be found on the mucous membranes of the genital tract.
true
59) All Brucella can be stained with Köster staining
false
60) There will be cross-reactions between S-type colonies in case of Brucella
true
61) Brucellosis is found in most parts of the world
true
62) In sexually immature animals, Brucella multiplies in the lymph nodes
true
63) Brucellosis is usually introduced by infected asymptomatic animals
true
64) Abortion caused by brucellosis is followed by retained fetal membranes
true
65) An attenuated vaccine is used in Hungary for prevention of B. melitensis
false
66) Brucella has average resistance
true
67) Brucella is seen only in the northern hemisphere
false
1) Herd replacement is the only way of eradication of porcine brucellosis
true
2) Wild boars and wild hares can serve as reservoir species of swine brucellosis
true
3) Wild boars can be the carrier of Brucella melitensis
false
4) Worldwide occurrence is characteristic for swine brucellosis
true
5) Brucella suis can cause chronic localized udder infection in cattle
true
6) Brucella suis can infect only pigs
false
7) Wild boars can infect domesticated pigs with Brucella suis
true
8) Brucella suis serological tests can be used for livestock diagnosis only
true
9) Brucella suis can infect dogs
true
10) Brucella suis can colonise the udder of cattle
true
11) Osteomyelitis is a frequent sign of porcine brucellosis
true
12) Brucella suis causes Swine Brucellosis
true
13) Wild boars can be the source of swine brucellosis in domestic pigs reared outdoors
true
14) European brown hare can carry and shed B. suis biotype 2
true
15) Swine brucellosis does not occur in Europe
false
16) Rev-1 strain is an attenuated live B. suis strain
false
17) B. suis can infect brown hares
true
18) Brucella suis can cause severe abortion in cattle
false
19) Brucella bovis can infect brown hares
false
20) Arthritis is a typical clinical sign of porcine brucellosis
true
21) Farmed pigs are regularly vaccinated against brucellosis in Europe in order to prevent infection from wild boars
false
22) Stock exchange is the only safe eradication method in case of swine brucellosis
true
23) Swine brucellosis is an exotic disease in Europe, we can see this disease in South-East Asia only
false
24) In swine brucellosis the results of serological tests can be used only for herd diagnosis, because the low sensitivity and specificity of these serological tests
true
25) Pneumonia and nasal discharge are characteristic clinical findings in swine brucellosis
false
26) B. suis biotype 2 is widespread in wild swine population all over the world
true
27) Swine brucellosis can be treated successfully with antibiotics
false
28) Porcine brucellosis is a notifiable disease
true
29) With the help of the appropriate antibiotics we can eradicate B. suis from a swine herd
false
30) Humans are not susceptible to the causative agent of swine brucellosis
false
31) Wild hare is an important reservoir of Brucella abortus biotype 2 in Europe
false, should be true
32) Brucella suis was isolated by Sir David Bruce as a first time in 1886 in Malta Island
false
33) Brucella suis biotype 2 can cause disease in hares
true
34) In the case of swine brucellosis, no clinical signs can be seen in boars
false
35) Stock exchange in the main way of eradication of porcine brucellosis.
true
36) Swine brucellosis is present in wild boars in several European countries
true
37) Hungary is free from Brucella suis
false
38) Secondary hosts of swine brucellosis are dog, human and cattle
true
39) Maintaining host of swine brucellosis are reindeer, hare and small rodents
false
40) Brucellosis in swine causes abortion at any time of the pregnancy
true
41) Boars are asymptomatic in case of brucellosis infection
false
42) Abortion occurs due to liver lesions in the piglets in case of brucellosis
false
43) Chronic cases of brucellosis cause lameness in both boars and sows.
true
44) Antibiotics are widely used to treat swine brucellosis
false
45) Abortion is a frequent clinical sign of porcine brucellosis
true
46) Stillbirth is a frequent clinical sign of porcine brucellosis
true
47) Diarrhoea is a frequent clinical sign of porcine brucellosis
false
1) Brucella abortus can cause septicaemia in cattle
true
2) Brucella abortus can cause necrosis in the chorionic villi of pregnant cattle
true
3) ABR test can detect antibodies against Brucella abortus in milk
true
4) Arthritis is a clinical sign of bovine brucellosis
true
5) Fluoroquinolones are the first choice for treatment of bovine brucellosis
false
6) In case of brucellosis our aim is eradication and maintain the disease-free status
true
7) Abortion is a clinical sign of bovine brucellosis
true
8) Brucella abortus can colonise the udder and shed with the milk of cows
true
9) Brucella abortus can colonise the testicles, epididymis and accessory genital glands and shed with the semen
true
10) Cattle can be asymptomatic carriers of brucellae
true
11) Infected cattle carry brucellae lifelong
true
12) Calves can be infected with brucellae during pregnancy if the cow is infected
false
13) Bovine brucellosis is caused by Brucella bovis
false
14) Brucella melitensis can cause abortion in cattle
true
15) Antibacterial treatment is pointless in bovine brucellosis
true
16) Brucella abortus can colonise only pregnant cows or heifers
false
17) Brucella abortus can cause abortion of cattle
true
18) Brucella abortus and brucella melitensis can cause bovine brucellosis
true
19) Bovine brucellosis has to be treated 4-6 weeks long with penicillins
false
20) Brucella abortus can colonise only cattle
false
21) Cattle cannot infect humans with Brucellae
false
22) The maintaining host of Bruecella abortus is the goat and the sheep
false
23) Orchitis is a clinical sign of Bovine Brucellosis
true
24) Calves can be born with Brucella
false
25) Brucellosis of cattle is mainly limited to the genital tract
false
26) In the case of bovine brucellosis abortion usually occurs after fifth month of gestation
true
27) Retention of fetal membranes is a characteristic clinical sign of bovine brucellosis
true
28) Brucellosis caused by Brucella melitensis occurs in the Mediterranean area
true
29) The S19 strain is an inactivated B. melitensis strain, which can be used for brucellosis
false
30) Nervous clinical signs are frequent in the case of bovine brucellosis
false
31) Bovine brucellosis can be diagnosed using the tuberculin test
false
32) ABR test cannot be used to test colostrum
true
33) Bovine brucellosis is a self-limiting disease
true
34) Bovine brucellosis was described for the first time by Sir David Bruce in 1886
false
35) Bovine brucellosis is not a notifiable disease
false
36) Bovine brucellosis can be treated well with penicillin
false
37) Rose-Bengal test is a frequently used serological test in the diagnostic work of brucellosis.
true
38) In ABR (Abortus bang ring/Brucella milk ring) test, we detect brucella antigens in the milk
false, should be true
39) Fluoroquinolone treatment can cease shedding of Brucella
false
40) Rev 1. strain is a modified live vaccine strain of B. melitensis
true
41) Sensitivity and specificity of the serological tests, which are used in Brucella diagnostics are different
true
42) Bovine brucellosis is a notifiable disease
true
43) An early antibiotic therapy is really important in the treatment of bovine brucellosis
false
44) Brucella abortus can cause an abortion storm in a newly infected pregnant cattle herd
true
45) In case of bovine abortion we must send only fetal fluid to the diagnostic laboratory, because is enough for the diagnosis
false
46) In the ABR test we detect Brucella abortus bacteria in the cattle milk.
false
47) S19 vaccine is a live vaccine, which can cause abortion in pregnant cows
true
48) Serological tests are frequently used methods in the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis
true
49) False positive or false negative reactions can be seen in the serological tests in the serodiagnostics brucellosis
true
50) Icterus is a frequently seen clinical signs of bovine brucellosis
false
51) ABR test is a human serological test for the detection of antibodies in human blood serum sample
false
52) Most important clinical sings of bovine brucellosis are icterus and CNS signs
false
53) Cattle are generally infected with Brucella per os
true
54) After infection brucella replicate in the lymph nodes of cattle
true
55) Bulls are resistant to Brucella infection
false
56) Bovine brucellosis is always an acute disease
false
57) Bovine brucellosis is widespread within the EU
false
58) Necrosis of fetal membrane is a post mortem lesion of bovine brucellosis
true
59) Brucella can be detected in fetal membrane and fetus with Köster staining
true
60) Infected cattle can be recognized by detecting Brucella in blood with ELISA
true
61) ABR test is used to detect Brucella in milk
false
62) Brucella abortus causes no disease in bulls.
false
63) Brucella are introduced in a herd with infected animals
true
64) Brucella colonize the lymph nodes in young calves
true
65) Brucella abortus can colonize only cattle
false
66) Cattle are mainly infected with Brucella sexually
false
67) Brucellosis of cattle is mainly limited to the genital tract only
false
68) Brucella abortus can be carried and shed by dogs and cats
true
69) Brucella abortus can cause abortion wave in a cattle herd, when it is newly introduced
true
70) Fetus, fetal membranes and blood sample of the cow have to be sent to the diagnostic institute in case of abortions
true
71) Antibodies against Brucella abortus are detected in the ABR test
true
72) Male calves may be vaccinated with vaccines containing live attenuated strains, without any side effects
false
73) Rev-1. vaccine can cause abortion of pregnant animals
true
74) Brucellosis of bovine cannot be shed in the milk
false
75) B. suis can infect cattle
true
76) Brucellosis can cause placentitis in cattle
true
77) In case of brucellosis in cattle, only very few bacteria are needed to cause the disease
true
78) Bovine brucellosis is primarily caused by venereal infection
false
79) Calves shows clinical sign after weaning when infected young with brucellosis
false
80) B. abortus can cause bovine brucellosis
true
81) B. melitensis can cause brucellosis in cattle
true
82) Bovine brucellosis is seen in most European countries.
false
83) Bovine brucellosis is zoonotic
true
84) If young calves are infected with brucellosis, the bacteria remain in the lymph nodes until maturity
true
85) In the case of bovine brucellosis, septicemia happens
true
86) Cattle recovered from brucellosis do not remain carriers
false
87) Bovine brucellosis is only endemic in Hungary
false
88) The biggest economic damage to bovine brucellosis is orchitis in bulls
false
1) Histophilus somni and Actinobacillus seminis can cause similar lesions in the genitals of rams as Brucella ovis
true
2) Brucella ovis infection is restricted to urogenital organs
true
3) Brucella ovis can cause an acute abortion outbreak in a cattle herd
false
4) Brucella ovis can cause septicaemia in cattle
false
5) Brucella ovis can infect humans
false
6) Brucella ovis occurs in most sheep-raising regions of the world
true
7) Wild hares can be the carrier of Brucella ovis
false
8) Brucella ovis mainly causes abortion, clinical signs in males are rare
false
9) Brucella ovis is shed in semen
true
10) Europe is free from Brucella ovis
false
11) Brucella ovis and B. canis are koster-negative
true
12) Agar gel diffusion test and ELISA are used for the detection of infection with Brucella ovis
true
13) It is possible to eradicate brucella ovis from infected rams using antibacterial drugs
false
14) Brucella ovis is a zoonotic agent
false
15) The most frequently seen clinical sign of B. ovis infection is abortion of ewes.
false
16) Humans can be infected with Brucella ovis from raw sheep or goat milk, are common clinical signs of the disease
false
17) Ovine brucellosis caused by B. ovis is zoonosis
false
18) The Rev-I vaccine strain is an attenuated, live B. ovis strain
false
19) Brucella ovis can cause epididymitis and orchitis also in men.
false
20) Brucella ovis has been eradicated from Europe
false
21) Only sheep is susceptible to Brucella ovis infection
true
22) Brucella ovis can cause ascending infection of the genital tract
true
23) Orchitis and epididymitis are the main clinical signs caused by Brucella ovis
true
24) Sheep, goats, cattle are susceptible for Brucella ovis
false
25) Brucella ovis causes in rams orchitis and epididymitis
true
26) Rams are lifelong carriers of Brucella ovis
true
27) Sometimes abortion can be seen in the case of brucellosis of sheep caused by B. ovis.
true
28) Brucellosis of sheep caused by B. ovis is generally treated with tetracyclines
false
29) Infectious epididymitis is caused by B. ovis
true
30) B. ovis has a wide host range
false
31) Brucellosis in sheep is introduced to the herd by infected asymptomatic rams
true
32) B. ovis can cause abortion in ewes
true
33) B. ovis will cause high fever
false
34) B. ovis causes severe epididymitis
true
35) Ewes are lifelong carriers of Brucella ovis
false
36) You can get B. ovis free only with stock exchange
false
37) Humans are very susceptible to B. ovis
false
38) The best way of controlling brucellosis in sheep is eradication of infected rams
true
39) There is no B. ovis in Hungary
false
40) Brucella ovis generally does not cause septicaemia in rams
true
41) Humans can be infected with Brucella ovis from raw sheep and goat milk.
false
42) AGID can be used to diagnose brucellosis in sheep
true
1) The maintenance host of Brucella abortus is he goat and the sheep
false
2) Brucella melitensis infection of sheep and goat is common in Mediterranean littoral
true
3) B. melitensis can disappear spontaneously from sheep and goat
true
4) Herd replacement is the only method of eradication of B. melitensis in a goat herd.
false
5) Brucella melitensis is an obligate pathogenic bacterium in sheep and goat.
true
6) Brucella melitensis can infection only goats and sheep
false
7) Brucella melitensis is endemic in the Mediterranean area
true
8) Brucella melitensis can cause orchitis and epididymitis in rams and bucks
true
9) Diseases caused by Brucella melitensis can be prevented with vaccination
true
10) B. melitensis infection is common in most EU countries
false
11) B. melitensis can cause orchitis in rams
true
12) There are vaccines for prevention of B. melitensis
true
13) Brucella melitensis is sporadic in Hungary
false
14) Sheep and goats can be infected per os with Brucella melitensis.
true
15) Brucella melitensis causes abortion in goats and sheep
true
16) Brucella melitensis can be prevented by attenuated vaccines
true
17) Self-limiting nature of brucellosis caused by Brucella melitensis is strong
true
18) Brucella melitensis can infect only goats
false
19) Antibodies against Brucella melitensis can be detected in small ruminants all over Europe
false
20) B. melitensis is mostly affecting the northern part of Europe
false
21) Humans are highly susceptible to B. melitensis
true
22) B. melitensis brucellosis is strongly self-limiting
true
23) Rev-1 is an attenuated B. melitensis vaccine
true
24) Goats and sheep are primary hosts of B. melitensis
true
25) Caprine brucellosis cannot be prevented with vaccination
false
26) Caprine brucellosis is caused by B. ovis
false
27) Caprine brucellosis is endemic in the Mediterranean area
true
28) Rams are asymptomatic in case of brucellosis
true
29) Primary way of infection of B. melitensis is by mating
true
30) B. melitensis shed in the fetus, milk and semen
true
31) B. melitensis occurs sporadically in sheep flocks in Hungary
false
32) In abortion caused by B. melitensis, inflammatory necrotic foci are seen in the placenta
true
33) Brucella canis cannot cause abortion in dogs, it causes only orchitis in males
false
34) Brucella canis can be isolated from blood of infected dogs for years post infection
true
35) Brucella suis can infect dogs
true
36) Brucella canis is the aetiological agent of canine brucellosis
true
37) Scrotal dermatitis is a characteristic clinical sign of canine brucellosis
true
38) Dogs and cats can be infected with brucella abortus without any clinical signs
true
39) Brucella canis is shed in the semen
true
40) Brucella melitensis can infect dogs
true
41) Brucella abortus can infect dogs
true
42) Brucella canis can infect humans
true
43) Agent of canine brucellosis can infect humans
true
44) Canine brucellosis does not occur in Europe
false
45) Dogs and cats can carry and shed different Brucella sp. without any clinical signs
true
46) Rev I. is a live vaccine strain of B. canis
false
47) The most important clinical sign of canine brucellosis is abortion of pregnant bitches
true
48) For the prevention of canine brucellosis vaccination is a frequently used method in Europe
false
49) Dogs can carry and shed other Brucella species than B. canis, too.
true
50) Hemoculture is a good diagnostic tool in the diagnostic work of canine brucellosis
true
51) Canine brucellosis is caused by B. canis
true
52) Abortion due to canine brucellosis occurs in final phase of pregnancy
true
53) Canine brucellosis has no clinical sign in male dogs
false
54) In the case of canine brucellosis the agent can be isolated from blood
true
55) Canine brucellosis is a zoonotic disease
false, should be true
56) Dog and cat can carry and shed Brucella species
true
57) Canine brucellosis differs from other brucella infections since it’s a long-term active infection
true
58) Canine brucellosis spread via mating or per os
true
59) Canine brucellosis can cause iridocyclitis
true
60) Sheep, foxes and cats are secondary carriers
false
61) Abortion usually occurs in the late phase of pregnancy in case of canine brucellosis
true
62) Epididymitis and orchitis are typical clinical signs of canine brucellosis
true
63) Attenuated vaccines are widely used for the prevention of canine brucellosis
false
64) Strong self-limitation can be seen in the case of canine brucellosis
false
1) Horses are infected by goats in case of brucellosis
false
2) In case of brucellosis, horses suffer from bursitis and they can rupture
true
3) In case of brucellosis hares can maintain their own infectious cycle, and do not need to be infected by cattle
true
4) Hares are susceptible to B. abortus
false
5) Reindeers are important in maintaining and infecting swine herds with B. suis
false
6) Brucellosis can be acute and chronic in humans
true
7) High fever is a clinical sign of brucellosis in humans
true
8) Arthritis is a clinical sign of human brucellosis
true
