Brucella Flashcards
1
Q
1) Among the Brucella species Brucella melilentis is the most pathogenic species for humans
A
true
2
Q
2) Brucella species cannot tolerate high temperature (60 °C) and low pH (pH: 4).
A
true
3
Q
3) Rose-Bengal test is used for the detection of antibodies against brucellae
A
true
4
Q
4) Brucellae can be detected by staining in the placenta of aborted foetuses in the case of brucellosis
A
true
5
Q
5) Humans can acquire brucellosis from raw milk
A
true
6
Q
6) Europe is free from Brucella ovis
A
false
7
Q
7) Undulant fever, malaise, inappetence, fatigue, and muscle and joint pains can be the clinical sings of human brucellosis
A
true
8
Q
8) Brucella species are generally zoonotic agents
A
true
9
Q
9) Brucella are facultative IC agents
A
true
10
Q
10) Brucella is generally a notifiable disease
A
true
11
Q
11) More than one serological test must be carried out from one serum sample at the same time in the case of serodiagnostics of brucellosis
A
true
12
Q
12) Brucellosis is a chronic disease
A
true
13
Q
13) Brucella species are gram-negative, fastidious, coccoid rod-shaped bacteria
A
true
14
Q
14) There is a serological relationship among some brucella species, because of the same polysaccharides in the cell wall
A
true
15
Q
15) Worldwide distribution is characteristic for brucellosis
A
true
16
Q
16) Köster staining is used for staining of brucellae
A
true
17
Q
17) Brucella can be both acute or chronic in humans
A
true
18
Q
18) Brucella melitensis is endemic in Mediterranean area
A
true
19
Q
19) Brucella species are serologically uniform
A
false
20
Q
20) Brucella species need cysteine or cystine as an additive for the culture
A
false
21
Q
21) Brucella species are not zoonotic agents
A
false
22
Q
22) Susceptibility of humans to different Brucella species is different
A
true
23
Q
23) Consumption of raw milk is an important route of human Brucella infection
A
true
24
Q
24) Brucella need chocolate agar to culture
A
false
25
25) There is a close antigenic relationship between B. ovis and B. melitensis
false
26
26) B. suis is a zoonotic agent.
true
27
27) Brucella ovis needs CO2 to culture
true
28
28) Brucella are Gram-positive and Köster-positive bacteria
false
29
29) The antigens of Brucella are uniform
false
30
30) The majority of the Brucella species can infect humans
true
31
31) Brucella are not fastidious bacteria, they can be cultured on simple nutrient agar
false
32
32) Brucella species are non-motile, Gram-negative, small coccoid rods
true
33
33) There is a serological relationship among B. abortus, B. melitensis and B. ovis, because of the same surface polysaccharides
false
34
34) There are no brucellosis-free countries in the world
false
35
35) There is close antigenic relationship between Brucella bovis and Brucella ovis
false
36
36) Brucella canis is stained red as a result of Köster-staining
false
37
37) Brucella species are not fastidious bacteria, we can use nutrient agar in diagnostic work
false
38
38) There is a strong relationship in antigenic structure of Brucella canis and Brucella ovis
true
39
39) Fetus, fetal membrane and blood sample from the dam must be send to the diagnostic institute in abortion case
true
40
40) Human brucellosis was described for the first time by David Bruce in Malta Island in 1886
true
41
41) Brucella abortus stains red as a result of Köster-staining
true
42
42) There is a strong relationship in the antigenic structure of B. melitensis and B. suis
true
43
43) All of the Brucella species are zoonotic agents
false
44
44) Vaccination is a regularly used prevention method in the brucellosis free countries of EU.
false
45
45) In the case of a same serum sample it is advisable to carry out more serological tests for the detection of antibodies against Brucella species, because different serological tests can show different results
true
46
46) Rev I. is an inactivated vaccine strain
false
47
47) There are no differences in serological features of Brucella species with veterinary importance
false
48
48) With Köster-staining all Brucella are positive.
true, should be false, ovis and canis are negative
49
49) Sheep and goat are the reservoirs for Brucella
false
50
50) Hungary is Brucella free
false
51
51) Humans are resistant to Brucella melitensis
false
52
52) Raw milk consumption can be the source of human brucellosis
true
53
53) Vaccination against brucellosis is common in the EU
true
54
54) Attenuated vaccine strains can cause abortion in pregnant animals
true
55
55) Focal necrosis and inflammation are seen in fetuses aborted due to Brucella
true
56
56) Brucella is an obligate pathogen
true
57
57) Brucella are a notifiable disease
true
58
brucella can be found on the mucous membranes of the genital tract.
true
59
59) All Brucella can be stained with Köster staining
false
60
60) There will be cross-reactions between S-type colonies in case of Brucella
true
61
61) Brucellosis is found in most parts of the world
true
62
62) In sexually immature animals, Brucella multiplies in the lymph nodes
true
63
63) Brucellosis is usually introduced by infected asymptomatic animals
true
64
64) Abortion caused by brucellosis is followed by retained fetal membranes
true
65
65) An attenuated vaccine is used in Hungary for prevention of B. melitensis
false
66
66) Brucella has average resistance
true
67
67) Brucella is seen only in the northern hemisphere
false
68
1) Herd replacement is the only way of eradication of porcine brucellosis
true
69
2) Wild boars and wild hares can serve as reservoir species of swine brucellosis
true
70
3) Wild boars can be the carrier of Brucella melitensis
false
71
4) Worldwide occurrence is characteristic for swine brucellosis
true
72
5) Brucella suis can cause chronic localized udder infection in cattle
true
73
6) Brucella suis can infect only pigs
false
74
7) Wild boars can infect domesticated pigs with Brucella suis
true
75
8) Brucella suis serological tests can be used for livestock diagnosis only
true
76
9) Brucella suis can infect dogs
true
77
10) Brucella suis can colonise the udder of cattle
true
78
11) Osteomyelitis is a frequent sign of porcine brucellosis
true
79
12) Brucella suis causes Swine Brucellosis
true
80
13) Wild boars can be the source of swine brucellosis in domestic pigs reared outdoors
true
81
14) European brown hare can carry and shed B. suis biotype 2
true
82
15) Swine brucellosis does not occur in Europe
false
83
16) Rev-1 strain is an attenuated live B. suis strain
false
84
17) B. suis can infect brown hares
true
85
18) Brucella suis can cause severe abortion in cattle
false
86
19) Brucella bovis can infect brown hares
false
87
20) Arthritis is a typical clinical sign of porcine brucellosis
true
88
21) Farmed pigs are regularly vaccinated against brucellosis in Europe in order to prevent infection from wild boars
false
89
22) Stock exchange is the only safe eradication method in case of swine brucellosis
true
90
23) Swine brucellosis is an exotic disease in Europe, we can see this disease in South-East Asia only
false
91
24) In swine brucellosis the results of serological tests can be used only for herd diagnosis, because the low sensitivity and specificity of these serological tests
true
92
25) Pneumonia and nasal discharge are characteristic clinical findings in swine brucellosis
false
93
26) B. suis biotype 2 is widespread in wild swine population all over the world
true
94
27) Swine brucellosis can be treated successfully with antibiotics
false
95
28) Porcine brucellosis is a notifiable disease
true
96
29) With the help of the appropriate antibiotics we can eradicate B. suis from a swine herd
false
97
30) Humans are not susceptible to the causative agent of swine brucellosis
false
98
31) Wild hare is an important reservoir of Brucella abortus biotype 2 in Europe
false, should be true
99
32) Brucella suis was isolated by Sir David Bruce as a first time in 1886 in Malta Island
false
100
33) Brucella suis biotype 2 can cause disease in hares
true
101
34) In the case of swine brucellosis, no clinical signs can be seen in boars
false
102
35) Stock exchange in the main way of eradication of porcine brucellosis.
true
103
36) Swine brucellosis is present in wild boars in several European countries
true
104
37) Hungary is free from Brucella suis
false
105
38) Secondary hosts of swine brucellosis are dog, human and cattle
true
106
39) Maintaining host of swine brucellosis are reindeer, hare and small rodents
false
107
40) Brucellosis in swine causes abortion at any time of the pregnancy
true
108
41) Boars are asymptomatic in case of brucellosis infection
false
109
42) Abortion occurs due to liver lesions in the piglets in case of brucellosis
false
110
43) Chronic cases of brucellosis cause lameness in both boars and sows.
true
111
44) Antibiotics are widely used to treat swine brucellosis
false
112
45) Abortion is a frequent clinical sign of porcine brucellosis
true
113
46) Stillbirth is a frequent clinical sign of porcine brucellosis
true
114
47) Diarrhoea is a frequent clinical sign of porcine brucellosis
false
115
1) Brucella abortus can cause septicaemia in cattle
true
116
2) Brucella abortus can cause necrosis in the chorionic villi of pregnant cattle
true
117
3) ABR test can detect antibodies against Brucella abortus in milk
true
118
4) Arthritis is a clinical sign of bovine brucellosis
true
119
5) Fluoroquinolones are the first choice for treatment of bovine brucellosis
false
120
6) In case of brucellosis our aim is eradication and maintain the disease-free status
true
121
7) Abortion is a clinical sign of bovine brucellosis
true
122
8) Brucella abortus can colonise the udder and shed with the milk of cows
true
123
9) Brucella abortus can colonise the testicles, epididymis and accessory genital glands and shed with the semen
true
124
10) Cattle can be asymptomatic carriers of brucellae
true
125
11) Infected cattle carry brucellae lifelong
true
126
12) Calves can be infected with brucellae during pregnancy if the cow is infected
false
127
13) Bovine brucellosis is caused by Brucella bovis
false
128
14) Brucella melitensis can cause abortion in cattle
true
129
15) Antibacterial treatment is pointless in bovine brucellosis
true
130
16) Brucella abortus can colonise only pregnant cows or heifers
false
131
17) Brucella abortus can cause abortion of cattle
true
132
18) Brucella abortus and brucella melitensis can cause bovine brucellosis
true
133
19) Bovine brucellosis has to be treated 4-6 weeks long with penicillins
false
134
20) Brucella abortus can colonise only cattle
false
135
21) Cattle cannot infect humans with Brucellae
false
136
22) The maintaining host of Bruecella abortus is the goat and the sheep
false
137
23) Orchitis is a clinical sign of Bovine Brucellosis
true
138
24) Calves can be born with Brucella
false
139
25) Brucellosis of cattle is mainly limited to the genital tract
false
140
26) In the case of bovine brucellosis abortion usually occurs after fifth month of gestation
true
141
27) Retention of fetal membranes is a characteristic clinical sign of bovine brucellosis
true
142
28) Brucellosis caused by Brucella melitensis occurs in the Mediterranean area
true
143
29) The S19 strain is an inactivated B. melitensis strain, which can be used for brucellosis
false
144
30) Nervous clinical signs are frequent in the case of bovine brucellosis
false
145
31) Bovine brucellosis can be diagnosed using the tuberculin test
false
146
32) ABR test cannot be used to test colostrum
true
147
33) Bovine brucellosis is a self-limiting disease
true
148
34) Bovine brucellosis was described for the first time by Sir David Bruce in 1886
false
149
35) Bovine brucellosis is not a notifiable disease
false
150
36) Bovine brucellosis can be treated well with penicillin
false
151
37) Rose-Bengal test is a frequently used serological test in the diagnostic work of brucellosis.
true
152
38) In ABR (Abortus bang ring/Brucella milk ring) test, we detect brucella antigens in the milk
false, should be true
153
39) Fluoroquinolone treatment can cease shedding of Brucella
false
154
40) Rev 1. strain is a modified live vaccine strain of B. melitensis
true
155
41) Sensitivity and specificity of the serological tests, which are used in Brucella diagnostics are different
true
156
42) Bovine brucellosis is a notifiable disease
true
157
43) An early antibiotic therapy is really important in the treatment of bovine brucellosis
false
158
44) Brucella abortus can cause an abortion storm in a newly infected pregnant cattle herd
true
159
45) In case of bovine abortion we must send only fetal fluid to the diagnostic laboratory, because is enough for the diagnosis
false
160
46) In the ABR test we detect Brucella abortus bacteria in the cattle milk.
false
161
47) S19 vaccine is a live vaccine, which can cause abortion in pregnant cows
true
162
48) Serological tests are frequently used methods in the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis
true
163
49) False positive or false negative reactions can be seen in the serological tests in the serodiagnostics brucellosis
true
164
50) Icterus is a frequently seen clinical signs of bovine brucellosis
false
165
51) ABR test is a human serological test for the detection of antibodies in human blood serum sample
false
166
52) Most important clinical sings of bovine brucellosis are icterus and CNS signs
false
167
53) Cattle are generally infected with Brucella per os
true
168
54) After infection brucella replicate in the lymph nodes of cattle
true
169
55) Bulls are resistant to Brucella infection
false
170
56) Bovine brucellosis is always an acute disease
false
171
57) Bovine brucellosis is widespread within the EU
false
172
58) Necrosis of fetal membrane is a post mortem lesion of bovine brucellosis
true
173
59) Brucella can be detected in fetal membrane and fetus with Köster staining
true
174
60) Infected cattle can be recognized by detecting Brucella in blood with ELISA
true
175
61) ABR test is used to detect Brucella in milk
false
176
62) Brucella abortus causes no disease in bulls.
false
177
63) Brucella are introduced in a herd with infected animals
true
178
64) Brucella colonize the lymph nodes in young calves
true
179
65) Brucella abortus can colonize only cattle
false
180
66) Cattle are mainly infected with Brucella sexually
false
181
67) Brucellosis of cattle is mainly limited to the genital tract only
false
182
68) Brucella abortus can be carried and shed by dogs and cats
true
183
69) Brucella abortus can cause abortion wave in a cattle herd, when it is newly introduced
true
184
70) Fetus, fetal membranes and blood sample of the cow have to be sent to the diagnostic institute in case of abortions
true
185
71) Antibodies against Brucella abortus are detected in the ABR test
true
186
72) Male calves may be vaccinated with vaccines containing live attenuated strains, without any side effects
false
187
73) Rev-1. vaccine can cause abortion of pregnant animals
true
188
74) Brucellosis of bovine cannot be shed in the milk
false
189
75) B. suis can infect cattle
true
190
76) Brucellosis can cause placentitis in cattle
true
191
77) In case of brucellosis in cattle, only very few bacteria are needed to cause the disease
true
192
78) Bovine brucellosis is primarily caused by venereal infection
false
193
79) Calves shows clinical sign after weaning when infected young with brucellosis
false
194
80) B. abortus can cause bovine brucellosis
true
195
81) B. melitensis can cause brucellosis in cattle
true
196
82) Bovine brucellosis is seen in most European countries.
false
197
83) Bovine brucellosis is zoonotic
true
198
84) If young calves are infected with brucellosis, the bacteria remain in the lymph nodes until maturity
true
199
85) In the case of bovine brucellosis, septicemia happens
true
200
86) Cattle recovered from brucellosis do not remain carriers
false
201
87) Bovine brucellosis is only endemic in Hungary
false
202
88) The biggest economic damage to bovine brucellosis is orchitis in bulls
false
203
1) Histophilus somni and Actinobacillus seminis can cause similar lesions in the genitals of rams as Brucella ovis
true
204
2) Brucella ovis infection is restricted to urogenital organs
true
205
3) Brucella ovis can cause an acute abortion outbreak in a cattle herd
false
206
4) Brucella ovis can cause septicaemia in cattle
false
207
5) Brucella ovis can infect humans
false
208
6) Brucella ovis occurs in most sheep-raising regions of the world
true
209
7) Wild hares can be the carrier of Brucella ovis
false
210
8) Brucella ovis mainly causes abortion, clinical signs in males are rare
false
211
9) Brucella ovis is shed in semen
true
212
10) Europe is free from Brucella ovis
false
213
11) Brucella ovis and B. canis are koster-negative
true
214
12) Agar gel diffusion test and ELISA are used for the detection of infection with Brucella ovis
true
215
13) It is possible to eradicate brucella ovis from infected rams using antibacterial drugs
false
216
14) Brucella ovis is a zoonotic agent
false
217
15) The most frequently seen clinical sign of B. ovis infection is abortion of ewes.
false
218
16) Humans can be infected with Brucella ovis from raw sheep or goat milk, are common clinical signs of the disease
false
219
17) Ovine brucellosis caused by B. ovis is zoonosis
false
220
18) The Rev-I vaccine strain is an attenuated, live B. ovis strain
false
221
19) Brucella ovis can cause epididymitis and orchitis also in men.
false
222
20) Brucella ovis has been eradicated from Europe
false
223
21) Only sheep is susceptible to Brucella ovis infection
true
224
22) Brucella ovis can cause ascending infection of the genital tract
true
225
23) Orchitis and epididymitis are the main clinical signs caused by Brucella ovis
true
226
24) Sheep, goats, cattle are susceptible for Brucella ovis
false
227
25) Brucella ovis causes in rams orchitis and epididymitis
true
228
26) Rams are lifelong carriers of Brucella ovis
true
229
27) Sometimes abortion can be seen in the case of brucellosis of sheep caused by B. ovis.
true
230
28) Brucellosis of sheep caused by B. ovis is generally treated with tetracyclines
false
231
29) Infectious epididymitis is caused by B. ovis
true
232
30) B. ovis has a wide host range
false
233
31) Brucellosis in sheep is introduced to the herd by infected asymptomatic rams
true
234
32) B. ovis can cause abortion in ewes
true
235
33) B. ovis will cause high fever
false
236
34) B. ovis causes severe epididymitis
true
237
35) Ewes are lifelong carriers of Brucella ovis
false
238
36) You can get B. ovis free only with stock exchange
false
239
37) Humans are very susceptible to B. ovis
false
240
38) The best way of controlling brucellosis in sheep is eradication of infected rams
true
241
39) There is no B. ovis in Hungary
false
242
40) Brucella ovis generally does not cause septicaemia in rams
true
243
41) Humans can be infected with Brucella ovis from raw sheep and goat milk.
false
244
42) AGID can be used to diagnose brucellosis in sheep
true
245
1) The maintenance host of Brucella abortus is he goat and the sheep
false
246
2) Brucella melitensis infection of sheep and goat is common in Mediterranean littoral
true
247
3) B. melitensis can disappear spontaneously from sheep and goat
true
248
4) Herd replacement is the only method of eradication of B. melitensis in a goat herd.
false
249
5) Brucella melitensis is an obligate pathogenic bacterium in sheep and goat.
true
250
6) Brucella melitensis can infection only goats and sheep
false
251
7) Brucella melitensis is endemic in the Mediterranean area
true
252
8) Brucella melitensis can cause orchitis and epididymitis in rams and bucks
true
253
9) Diseases caused by Brucella melitensis can be prevented with vaccination
true
254
10) B. melitensis infection is common in most EU countries
false
255
11) B. melitensis can cause orchitis in rams
true
256
12) There are vaccines for prevention of B. melitensis
true
257
13) Brucella melitensis is sporadic in Hungary
false
258
14) Sheep and goats can be infected per os with Brucella melitensis.
true
259
15) Brucella melitensis causes abortion in goats and sheep
true
260
16) Brucella melitensis can be prevented by attenuated vaccines
true
261
17) Self-limiting nature of brucellosis caused by Brucella melitensis is strong
true
262
18) Brucella melitensis can infect only goats
false
263
19) Antibodies against Brucella melitensis can be detected in small ruminants all over Europe
false
264
20) B. melitensis is mostly affecting the northern part of Europe
false
265
21) Humans are highly susceptible to B. melitensis
true
266
22) B. melitensis brucellosis is strongly self-limiting
true
267
23) Rev-1 is an attenuated B. melitensis vaccine
true
268
24) Goats and sheep are primary hosts of B. melitensis
true
269
25) Caprine brucellosis cannot be prevented with vaccination
false
270
26) Caprine brucellosis is caused by B. ovis
false
271
27) Caprine brucellosis is endemic in the Mediterranean area
true
272
28) Rams are asymptomatic in case of brucellosis
true
273
29) Primary way of infection of B. melitensis is by mating
true
274
30) B. melitensis shed in the fetus, milk and semen
true
275
31) B. melitensis occurs sporadically in sheep flocks in Hungary
false
276
32) In abortion caused by B. melitensis, inflammatory necrotic foci are seen in the placenta
true
277
33) Brucella canis cannot cause abortion in dogs, it causes only orchitis in males
false
278
34) Brucella canis can be isolated from blood of infected dogs for years post infection
true
279
35) Brucella suis can infect dogs
true
280
36) Brucella canis is the aetiological agent of canine brucellosis
true
281
37) Scrotal dermatitis is a characteristic clinical sign of canine brucellosis
true
282
38) Dogs and cats can be infected with brucella abortus without any clinical signs
true
283
39) Brucella canis is shed in the semen
true
284
40) Brucella melitensis can infect dogs
true
285
41) Brucella abortus can infect dogs
true
286
42) Brucella canis can infect humans
true
287
43) Agent of canine brucellosis can infect humans
true
288
44) Canine brucellosis does not occur in Europe
false
289
45) Dogs and cats can carry and shed different Brucella sp. without any clinical signs
true
290
46) Rev I. is a live vaccine strain of B. canis
false
291
47) The most important clinical sign of canine brucellosis is abortion of pregnant bitches
true
292
48) For the prevention of canine brucellosis vaccination is a frequently used method in Europe
false
293
49) Dogs can carry and shed other Brucella species than B. canis, too.
true
294
50) Hemoculture is a good diagnostic tool in the diagnostic work of canine brucellosis
true
295
51) Canine brucellosis is caused by B. canis
true
296
52) Abortion due to canine brucellosis occurs in final phase of pregnancy
true
297
53) Canine brucellosis has no clinical sign in male dogs
false
298
54) In the case of canine brucellosis the agent can be isolated from blood
true
299
55) Canine brucellosis is a zoonotic disease
false, should be true
300
56) Dog and cat can carry and shed Brucella species
true
301
57) Canine brucellosis differs from other brucella infections since it’s a long-term active infection
true
302
58) Canine brucellosis spread via mating or per os
true
303
59) Canine brucellosis can cause iridocyclitis
true
304
60) Sheep, foxes and cats are secondary carriers
false
305
61) Abortion usually occurs in the late phase of pregnancy in case of canine brucellosis
true
306
62) Epididymitis and orchitis are typical clinical signs of canine brucellosis
true
307
63) Attenuated vaccines are widely used for the prevention of canine brucellosis
false
308
64) Strong self-limitation can be seen in the case of canine brucellosis
false
309
1) Horses are infected by goats in case of brucellosis
false
310
2) In case of brucellosis, horses suffer from bursitis and they can rupture
true
311
3) In case of brucellosis hares can maintain their own infectious cycle, and do not need to be infected by cattle
true
312
4) Hares are susceptible to B. abortus
false
313
5) Reindeers are important in maintaining and infecting swine herds with B. suis
false
314
6) Brucellosis can be acute and chronic in humans
true
315
7) High fever is a clinical sign of brucellosis in humans
true
316
8) Arthritis is a clinical sign of human brucellosis
true
