Clostridium Flashcards
1) Most clostridia have low invasive capacity
true
2) Spores of clostridia are generally very resistant against heat
true
3) The habitat of clostridia is the gut and the soil
true
4) Clostridia are obligate aerobic bacteria
false
5) Clostridium perfringens is an obligate pathogenic bacterium
false
6) Clostridium perfringens can produce main and auxillary toxins
true
7) Extracellular enzymes and toxins are virulence factors of clostridia
true
8) There are no vaccines for the prevention of diseases caused by clostridia
false
9) Clostridium is anaerobe spore forming bacteria
true
10) Clostridium bacteria is not in the environment, because it cannot tolerate oxygen
false
11) Clostridium spreads usually rapid in a herd
false
12) Clostridium spread mostly with insecticides
false
13) Clostridium difficile can be treated with metronidazole
true
14) Clostridium difficile is seen in foal and piglets
true
15) Many Clostridium species have flagella
false
clostridium species are only found in the subtropics.
false
17) Clostridium can cause severe contagious diseases
false
18) Clostridium are obligate pathogens
false
1) Anaculture or anatoxin vaccines are used for the prevention of malignant oedema
true
2) Cl. chauvoei is the agent of malignant oedema
false
3) Lesions of malignant oedema are mainly seen in the large muscles
true
4) Malignant oedema is generally endogenous in cattle
false
5) Malignant oedema is generally a consequence of wound infection
true
6) Movement difficulties are frequently seen in the case of malignant oedema
true
7) Clostridium novyi can cause malignant oedema
true
8) Malignant oedema can be diagnosed based on clinical signs
false
9) Malignant oedema is caused due to wound infection
true
10) Malignant oedema is only in ruminants
false
11) Malignant oedema, one of the clinical signs is lameness/movement problems
true
12) Malignant oedema, attenuated vaccine for prevention
false
13) Clostridium channel is the agent of malignant oedema
false
14) Clostridium septicum is an agent of malignant oedema
true
15) Clostridium histolyticum can cause malignant oedema
true
16) Agents of malignant oedema can be detected by bacterium culture
true
17) There are no vaccines for the prevention of malignant oedema
false
18) Malignant oedema occurs in ruminants and pigs
true
19) Malignant oedema is an acute fatal disease
true
20) Malignant oedema can be treated with antibiotics.
true
21) Malignant oedema can occur in any warm-blooded animal
true
22) Once an area is infected with gas gangrene re-occurrence is common.
true
23) Malignant oedema cannot occur in swine
false
24) Malignant oedema usually develop following an endogenous infection
false
25) Malignant oedema is well treated with long-term antibiotics therapy
false
26) Malignant oedema can be treated with polymyxin
false
27) Malignant oedema can be well treated with antibiotics over a long period
false
28) Is gas gangrene (malignant oedema) a regional illness.
false
29) The lesions of malignant oedema are mainly seen in the lungs
false
1) Blackleg is caused by Clostridium septicum
false
2) Lesions of blackleg are mainly seen on the claws
false
3) Lameness is a clinical sign of blackleg.
true
4) Blackleg is a frequent disease in pigs
false
5) Generally attenuated vaccines are used for the prevention of blackleg
false
6) Anaculture or anatoxin vaccines are used for the prevention of blackleg
true
7) Blackleg occurs only in tropical and subtropical countries
false
8) Blackleg generally occurs in endemic form
true
9) Blackleg occurs most frequently in pigs
false
10) Blackleg is a gas gangrene disease
true
11) Blackleg is generally endogenous in sheep
false
12) Blackleg is generally endogenous in cattle
true
13) Movement disorders and lameness can be clinical signs of Blackleg
true
14) Clostridium chauvoei can produce acids and gas from carbohydrates
true
15) Blackleg occurs mainly in ruminants
true
16) Oedema is a typical clinical sign of blackleg
true
17) Live vaccines are used for the prevention of blackleg
false
18) Blackleg infects ovine through wounds
true
19) In Blackleg disease we use attenuated vaccine
false
20) In the case of sheep, blackleg is generally consequence of a wound infection
true
21) Blackleg is caused by Clostridium chauvoei
true
22) Severe diarrhoea is the main clinical sign of blackleg
false
23) Blackleg occurs in cattle and sheep
true
24) If antibiotics are applied after appearance of the clinical signs of blackleg, treatment is generally successful
false
25) Blackleg disease occurs only in ruminants
false
26) Blackleg can usually be treated with antibiotics successfully
false
27) Blackleg in cattle is mainly endogenous between 6 months-3 years old.
false
28) The disease caused by Clostridium chauvoei occurs mainly in cattle and sheep
true
29) The disease caused by Clostridium chauvoei is primarily the result of endogenous infection in cattle
true
30) Blackleg has four toxins
true
31) Blackleg can be prevented by using vaccine
true
32) We use neomycin and polymyxin to treat disease caused by Clostridium chauvoei
false
33) Blackleg in cattle is mainly endogenous between 2 months-2 years old
true
34) Blackleg in bovine is caused by wound infections
false
1) Classical swine fever is a frequent predisposing factor of bradsot
false
2) Oedema in the wall of the abomasum and duodenum are postmortem lesions of bradsot
true
3) Bradsot is caused by Clostridium chauvoei
false
4) Bradsot occurs mainly in tropical and subtropical countries
false
5) Soil contaminated frozen feed is a frequent predisposing factor of bradsot
true
6) Frozen food is a predisposing factor of bradsot
true
7) Bradsot occurs mainly late autumn and winter
true
8) Overeating can predispose the animals to bradsot
false
9) Thickening of and oedema in the stomach wall are typical lesions of bradsot
true
10) Aminoglycosides are successfully used for treatment in the case of bradsot
false
11) Bradsot is caused by Clostridium septicum
true
12) Severe pneumonia is a typical clinical sign of bradsot
false
13) Bradsot has a very fast course
true
14) Bradsot occurs only in suckling lambs
false
15) Bradsot is typically a chronic disease
false
16) Bradsot is common in the summer out on the pasture
false
17) Bradsot is an acute disease resulting in sudden death in many cases
true
18) We can use anaculture strain vaccine against Bradsot
true
19) Bradsot causes oedema of the legs and necrosis
false
20) Post mortem lesions of bradsot can be seen in the stomach (rennet)
true
1) Köves disease is an indicator disease
true
2) CSF is a predisposing factor of koves disease
true
3) Köves disease can be seen in pigs
true
4) Köves disease is caused by Clostridium chavoei
false
1) Infectious necrotic hepatitis is mainly seen in pigs
false
2) Infectious necrotic hepatitis can be prevented by using anatoxin vaccines
true
3) Liver fluke can predispose animals to infectious necrotic hepatitis
true
4) In sheep, Clostridium septicum causes necrotic liver infection
false
5) Infectious necrotic hepatitis causes inflammation and necrotic nodules in the liver
true
6) There is no vaccine to prevent infectious necrotic hepatitis
false
7) Infectious necrotic hepatitis is caused by Clostridium septicum
false
8) Infectious necrotic hepatitis is mainly seen in suckling lambs
false
9) Parasite infection is a frequent predisposing effect of infectious necrotic hepatitis
true
10) Focal necrosis in the liver is a typical post mortem lesion of infectious necrotic hepatitis
true
11) Anatoxin vaccines can be used for the prevention of infectious necrotic hepatitis
true
12) Infectious necrotic hepatitis is caused by Clostridium novyi
true
13) Infectious necrotic hepatitis is spread by tick
false
14) Infectious necrotic hepatitis is caused by Clostridium novyi type B
true
15) Infectious necrotic hepatitis is found worldwide
true
16) Infectious necrotic hepatitis can be transmitted by liver flukes.
false
17) Infectious necrotic hepatitis occurs mostly in young sheep
false
1) There is intravascular haemolysis in the case of bacillary haemoglobinuria
true
2) Bacillary haemoglobinuria is caused by Clostridium haemolyticum
true
3) There are no vaccines for the prevention of bacillary hemoglobinuria
false
4) Phospholipidase C is a virulence factor of the agent of bacillary hemoglobinuria
true
5) Bacillary haemoglobinuria is mainly seen in cattle.
true
6) Bacillary haemoglobinuria is caused by Clostridium septicum
false
7) Jaundice and anaemia are important clinical signs of bacillary hemoglobinuria
true
8) Red urine is a typical clinical sign of bacillary hemoglobinuria
true
9) Bacillary hemoglobinuria is a slow, chronic disease
false
10) Bacillary hemoglobinuria can frequently be seen in horses
false
11) Clostridium novyi is the causative agent of bacillary hemoglobinuria
false
12) Bacillary hemoglobinuria causes severe haemorrhages
true
13) Bacillary hemoglobinuria are caused by infection from the soil
true
1) Lamb dysentery occurs in a week old animal
true
2) Isolation of the agent from the gut gives aetiologic diagnosis of lamb dysentery
false
3) Isolation of Cl. perfringens from the gut confirms the diagnosis of lamb dysentery.
false
4) Lesions of lamb dysentery are generally seen in the large intestine
false
5) Lesions of lamb dysentery can be seen in the small intestine
true
6) Lamb dysentery is caused by Clostridium perfringens B
true
7) Lambs have to be vaccinated with anatoxin vaccine in order to prevent lamb dysentery
false
8) Lambs have to be vaccinated with attenuated vaccine in order to prevent lamb dysentery
false
9) Pregnant ewes have to be vaccinated in order to prevent lamb dysentery
true
10) Haemorrhagic diarrhoea is a clinical sign of lamb dysentery
true
11) Lamb dysentery can be seen in lambs around weaning
false
12) Lamb dysentery is found in 3-4-week-old lambs
false
13) Pathological lesions of Lamb dysentery starts in the colon
false
14) We can culture the pathogen of Lamb dysentery from the intestines
true
15) Lamb dysentery is caused by Clostridium dysenteriae
false
16) Lamb dysentery can be seen in lambs after weaning
false
17) There is no vaccine for the prevention of lamb dysentery
false
18) Lamb dysentery occurs in 2-6 weeks old lambs
false
19) For diagnosis of lamb dysentery, the pathogen should be cultured from the intestine
true
20) Pathological symptoms of lamb dysentery can be found in the large intestines
false
21) Lamb dysentery can be prevented by vaccinating pregnant ewes
true
22) Lamb dysentery can be successfully treated with penicillin when clinical signs appear.
false
23) Lamb dysentery occurs in a week-old animal
true
24) Lamb dysentery can be diagnosed by culturing the bacteria
true
25) Newborn lambs have to be vaccinated in order to prevent lamb dysentery.
false
26) Toxoid vaccines can be used in the prevention of the disease.
true
27) Infection of lamb by secretion in the milk
false
28) Lamb dysentery occurs in 1-2 weeks old lambs
true
1) Struck is caused by Clostridium perfringens C
true
2) Overeating is a predisposing factor of struck
true
3) Struck can be seen mainly in lambs younger than 2 weeks
false
4) Struck is an acute disease in horses
false
5) Struck is a zoonotic disease
false
6) Struck is a slow disease of older sheep
false
7) Struck is a worldwide common disease with great economic impact
false
1) Infectious necrotic enteritis of piglets occurs in the first 1-2 weeks of life
true
2) The lesions of Infectious necrotic enteritis of piglets can be seen typically in the large intestine
false
3) Maternal protection is important in the case of Infectious necrotic enteritis of piglets
true
4) There is no vaccination for the prevention of Infectious necrotic enteritis of piglets
false
5) Pig enterotoxaemia can be prevented by vaccinating the pregnant sows
true
6) Pig enterotoxaemia is caused by Clostridium perfringens C
true
7) Pigs showing clinical signs of enterotoxaemia have to be treated with antibiotics immediately
false
8) Lesions of pig enterotoxaemia can be seen in the small intestine
true
9) Pig enterotoxaemia is more frequent in the litter of young than old sows
true
10) Clostridium Enterotoxaemia of Piglets occurs in 2-4 days old piglets
true
11) Pig enterotoxaemia can be generally seen in weaned piglets
false
12) Necrosis of gut epithelium is a postmortem lesion of pig enterotoxaemia
true
13) Clostridium enterotoxaemia of piglets is caused by C. perfringens
true
14) Clostridium enterotoxaemia of piglets is more frequent in the case of first farrowing Sows
true
15) Clostridium perfringens C causes infectious necrotic enteritis of piglets
true
16) Infectious necrotic enteritis of piglets occurs in piglets after weaning.
false
17) The lesions of infectious necrotic enteritis of piglets can be seen generally in the small intestine
true
18) Necrotic enteritis of piglets can be prevented by vaccination the sow with anatoxin
true
19) Pig enterotoxaemia has to be diagnosed by detecting antibodies in the piglets
false
20) Pig enterotoxaemia causes abdominal contractions in sows.
false
21) Mesenteric lymph node is congested in case of pig enterotoxaemia
false
22) Clostridium enterotoxaemia can be cultured from mesenteric lymph nodes or gut
true
23) Enteritis in piglets are caused by Clostridium perfringens D
false
24) Enteritis in piglets can be avoided by anatoxin vaccination
true
25) Enteritis in piglets cannot be diagnosed by post-mortem, only by bacteriology
false
26) Pig enterotoxaemia is caused by β-toxin production in 1st week of life
true
27) Pig enterotoxaemia can cause a high mortality
true
28) Necrotic enteritis of piglets cannot be diagnosed by isolating the agent from the gut
true
29) Pig enterotoxaemia is not present in Europe
false
30) Pig enterotoxaemia cannot be prevented by using vaccines
false
1) Pulpy kidney disease is caused by Clostridium perf. D
true
2) Overeating is a predisposing factor to pulpy kidney disease
true
3) The toxin of the agent of pulpy kidney disease is sensitive to trypsin
false
4) Pulpy Kidney Diseases is caused by Clostridium chauvoei
false
5) Pulpy kidney disease generally occurs in 1-2week old lambs
false
6) Pulpy kidney disease can occur at any age
false
pulpy kidney disease of suckling lambs can be prevented by vaccinating pregnant ewes
false
8) Sudden change the diet is a predisposing factor to pulpy kidney disease.
true
9) The toxin damages the endothelial cells in the case of pulpy kidney disease
true
10) Neurological signs are typical in the case of pulpy kidney disease.
true
11) Isolation of the agent is necessary to the diagnosis of pulpy kidney disease
false
12) Pulpy kidney disease is typically seen in lambs below 2 weeks of age
false
13) Inactivated vaccines are used for the prevention of pulpy kidney disease
true
14) Pulpy kidney disease is seen in piglets in the first week of life
false
15) Pulpy kidney disease is a worldwide common disease
true
16) Enterotoxaemia of sheep is also called pulpy kidney disease
true
17) Cattle are not susceptible to this disease
true
18) Vaccination are possible against pulpy kidney disease
true
1) Coccidiosis is a predisposing factor of ulcerative enteritis in poultry
true
2) Ulcerative enteritis of chicken is caused by Clostridium colinum
true
3) Ulcerative enteritis is frequently seen in day old chicken
false
4) Ulcers sometimes covered with pseudomembranes are frequent post mortem lesions of ulcerative enteritis of chicken
true
5) Ulcerative enteritis can occur in 4-12-week-old chickens
true
6) Clostridium perfringens is the causative agent of ulcerative enteritis in poultry
false
7) Ulcerative enteritis of poultry is generally prevented with vaccination
false
8) Lesions of ulcerative enteritis are mostly seen in the small intestines
true
9) Ulcerative enteritis is a common disease in large scale farms
true
10) Prevention of coccidiosis can help lower the incidence of ulcerative enteritis
true
1) Coccidiosis is a predisposing factor of necrotic enteritis of chicken
true
2) Foamy, brownish-red faeces is a clinical sign of necrotic enteritis of chicken
true
3) Lesions of necrotic enteritis of chicken are typically occur in the large intestine
false
4) Day-old chickens are widely vaccinated in order to prevent of necrotic enteritis
false
5) Necrotic enteritis mostly occurs in chicken
true
6) Waterfowl are not susceptible to necrotic enteritis
false
7) Necrotic enteritis occurs in 1-3 weeks of age
false
1) Tyzzer’s disease is caused by Clostridium piliforme
true
gangrenous dermatitis is caused by Clostridium septicum and Clostridium perfringens A
true
2) Gangrenous dermatitis is caused by obligate pathogens
false
3) Gangrenous dermatitis causes muscle oedema
true
4) Vaccines are the primary way of prevention of gangrenous dermatitis
false
1) Flaccid paralysis is a frequent clinical sign of tetanus
false
2) The agent of tetanus is strictly anaerobic
true
3) The agent of tetanus can enter the host through wounds
true
4) Tetanus is only seen in horse
false
5) Over-eating can predispose animals to Tetanus
false
6) The agent of Tetanus needs oxygen to replicate
false
7) Anatoxin vaccines are available for the prevention of tetanus.
true
8) Haemorrhages under the serous membranes and enlargement of parenchymal organs are typical postmortem lesions of tetanus
false
9) Spasms are typical clinical signs of tetanus
true
10) Tetanus is a zoonosis
false
11) Toxoid vaccines can be used for the prevention of tetanus.
true
12) Dogs are resistant to tetanus
false
13) The clinical signs of tetanus are inducible
true
14) Tetanus toxin cleaves synaptobrevin
true
15) For tetanus we use vaccines which contain toxoid
true
16) Tetanus cannot be prevented with vaccination
false
17) Tetanus is caused by Clostridium tetani
true
18) The agent of tetanus causes septicaemia
false
19) Tetanus can be diagnosed on the basis of post mortem lesions
false
20) Clostridium tetani produced endotoxin
false
21) C. tetani needs anaerobic conditions for propagation
true
22) Dogs are susceptible to tetanus
true
23) Tetanus can be prevented with vaccines containing inactivated bacteria
false
24) Tetanus can cause spasms
true
25) Horses are resistant to tetanus
false
26) Tetanus can only develop after deep wounds
false
27) Wounds can predispose to tetanus
true
28) The paralysis usually starts at the place of the wound
false
29) Clostridium tetani toxin is produced in the feed
false
30) Horses are most sensitive to tetanus
true
31) Tetanus can be prevented by anatoxin vaccination
true
32) Tetanus causes rigid paralysis
true
33) There is no vaccine for tetanus.
false
34) Dogs have high resistance to tetanus
true
35) Clostridium tetani produces neurotoxins
true
1) The toxin of clostridium botulinum causes flaccid paralysis
true
2) Clostridium botulinum generally causes wound infection
false
3) Focal necrosis in the liver is a typical post mortem lesion of Botulism
false
4) The toxin of Clostridium botulinum has irreversible effect
true
5) Botulism can be seen as a result of a wound infection
false
6) Flaccid paralysis is the main clinical sign of botulism
true
7) Birds are resistant to botulism
false
8) Necrotic foci in the liver are typical post mortem lesions of botulism
false
9) Generally wounds predispose animals to botulism
false
10) The agent of botulism generally produces toxin at the site of entry.
false
11) Botulism is diagnosed on the basis of the typical post mortem lesions.
false
12) Clostridium botulinum can produce toxins outside the hosts
true
13) No characteristic post mortem lesions can be seen in the case of botulism
true
14) Botulism doesn’t occur in Europe
false
15) Clostridium botulinum cannot tolerate air at all.
true
16) Botulism usually develops following a wound infection
false
17) Clostridium botulinum propagates in rotten materials
true
18) In Hungary, botulism is seen most commonly in birds
true
19) Clostridium botulinum spores are extremely resistant to heat
true
20) In Hungary, botulism occurs in winter and early spring
false
21) Botulism is eradicated in Europe
false
clostridium botulinum can produce toxin, some of which are activated by proteases.
true
23) Botulism is seen mainly during summer
true
24) Spasms are the typical clinical sign of botulism
false
25) Paralysis is the main sign of botulism
true
26) Toxins of botulism are produced generally in the food
true
27) Animals are mostly sensitive to C and D types of Clostridium botulinum
true
