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Epi > Clostridium > Flashcards

Clostridium Flashcards

1
Q

1) Most clostridia have low invasive capacity

A

true

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2
Q

2) Spores of clostridia are generally very resistant against heat

A

true

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3
Q

3) The habitat of clostridia is the gut and the soil

A

true

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4
Q

4) Clostridia are obligate aerobic bacteria

A

false

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5
Q

5) Clostridium perfringens is an obligate pathogenic bacterium

A

false

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6
Q

6) Clostridium perfringens can produce main and auxillary toxins

A

true

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7
Q

7) Extracellular enzymes and toxins are virulence factors of clostridia

A

true

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8
Q

8) There are no vaccines for the prevention of diseases caused by clostridia

A

false

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9
Q

9) Clostridium is anaerobe spore forming bacteria

A

true

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10
Q

10) Clostridium bacteria is not in the environment, because it cannot tolerate oxygen

A

false

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11
Q

11) Clostridium spreads usually rapid in a herd

A

false

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12
Q

12) Clostridium spread mostly with insecticides

A

false

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13
Q

13) Clostridium difficile can be treated with metronidazole

A

true

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14
Q

14) Clostridium difficile is seen in foal and piglets

A

true

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15
Q

15) Many Clostridium species have flagella

A

false

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16
Q

clostridium species are only found in the subtropics.

A

false

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17
Q

17) Clostridium can cause severe contagious diseases

A

false

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18
Q

18) Clostridium are obligate pathogens

A

false

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19
Q

1) Anaculture or anatoxin vaccines are used for the prevention of malignant oedema

A

true

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20
Q

2) Cl. chauvoei is the agent of malignant oedema

A

false

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21
Q

3) Lesions of malignant oedema are mainly seen in the large muscles

A

true

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22
Q

4) Malignant oedema is generally endogenous in cattle

A

false

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23
Q

5) Malignant oedema is generally a consequence of wound infection

A

true

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24
Q

6) Movement difficulties are frequently seen in the case of malignant oedema

A

true

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25
Q

7) Clostridium novyi can cause malignant oedema

A

true

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26
Q

8) Malignant oedema can be diagnosed based on clinical signs

A

false

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27
Q

9) Malignant oedema is caused due to wound infection

A

true

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28
Q

10) Malignant oedema is only in ruminants

A

false

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29
Q

11) Malignant oedema, one of the clinical signs is lameness/movement problems

A

true

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30
Q

12) Malignant oedema, attenuated vaccine for prevention

A

false

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31
Q

13) Clostridium channel is the agent of malignant oedema

A

false

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32
Q

14) Clostridium septicum is an agent of malignant oedema

A

true

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33
Q

15) Clostridium histolyticum can cause malignant oedema

A

true

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34
Q

16) Agents of malignant oedema can be detected by bacterium culture

A

true

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35
Q

17) There are no vaccines for the prevention of malignant oedema

A

false

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36
Q

18) Malignant oedema occurs in ruminants and pigs

A

true

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37
Q

19) Malignant oedema is an acute fatal disease

A

true

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38
Q

20) Malignant oedema can be treated with antibiotics.

A

true

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39
Q

21) Malignant oedema can occur in any warm-blooded animal

A

true

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40
Q

22) Once an area is infected with gas gangrene re-occurrence is common.

A

true

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41
Q

23) Malignant oedema cannot occur in swine

A

false

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42
Q

24) Malignant oedema usually develop following an endogenous infection

A

false

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43
Q

25) Malignant oedema is well treated with long-term antibiotics therapy

A

false

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44
Q

26) Malignant oedema can be treated with polymyxin

A

false

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45
Q

27) Malignant oedema can be well treated with antibiotics over a long period

A

false

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46
Q

28) Is gas gangrene (malignant oedema) a regional illness.

A

false

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47
Q

29) The lesions of malignant oedema are mainly seen in the lungs

A

false

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48
Q

1) Blackleg is caused by Clostridium septicum

A

false

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49
Q

2) Lesions of blackleg are mainly seen on the claws

A

false

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50
Q

3) Lameness is a clinical sign of blackleg.

A

true

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51
Q

4) Blackleg is a frequent disease in pigs

A

false

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52
Q

5) Generally attenuated vaccines are used for the prevention of blackleg

A

false

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53
Q

6) Anaculture or anatoxin vaccines are used for the prevention of blackleg

A

true

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54
Q

7) Blackleg occurs only in tropical and subtropical countries

A

false

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55
Q

8) Blackleg generally occurs in endemic form

A

true

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56
Q

9) Blackleg occurs most frequently in pigs

A

false

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57
Q

10) Blackleg is a gas gangrene disease

A

true

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58
Q

11) Blackleg is generally endogenous in sheep

A

false

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59
Q

12) Blackleg is generally endogenous in cattle

A

true

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60
Q

13) Movement disorders and lameness can be clinical signs of Blackleg

A

true

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61
Q

14) Clostridium chauvoei can produce acids and gas from carbohydrates

A

true

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62
Q

15) Blackleg occurs mainly in ruminants

A

true

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63
Q

16) Oedema is a typical clinical sign of blackleg

A

true

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64
Q

17) Live vaccines are used for the prevention of blackleg

A

false

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65
Q

18) Blackleg infects ovine through wounds

A

true

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66
Q

19) In Blackleg disease we use attenuated vaccine

A

false

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67
Q

20) In the case of sheep, blackleg is generally consequence of a wound infection

A

true

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68
Q

21) Blackleg is caused by Clostridium chauvoei

A

true

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69
Q

22) Severe diarrhoea is the main clinical sign of blackleg

A

false

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70
Q

23) Blackleg occurs in cattle and sheep

A

true

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71
Q

24) If antibiotics are applied after appearance of the clinical signs of blackleg, treatment is generally successful

A

false

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72
Q

25) Blackleg disease occurs only in ruminants

A

false

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73
Q

26) Blackleg can usually be treated with antibiotics successfully

A

false

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74
Q

27) Blackleg in cattle is mainly endogenous between 6 months-3 years old.

A

false

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75
Q

28) The disease caused by Clostridium chauvoei occurs mainly in cattle and sheep

A

true

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76
Q

29) The disease caused by Clostridium chauvoei is primarily the result of endogenous infection in cattle

A

true

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77
Q

30) Blackleg has four toxins

A

true

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78
Q

31) Blackleg can be prevented by using vaccine

A

true

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79
Q

32) We use neomycin and polymyxin to treat disease caused by Clostridium chauvoei

A

false

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80
Q

33) Blackleg in cattle is mainly endogenous between 2 months-2 years old

A

true

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81
Q

34) Blackleg in bovine is caused by wound infections

A

false

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82
Q

1) Classical swine fever is a frequent predisposing factor of bradsot

A

false

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83
Q

2) Oedema in the wall of the abomasum and duodenum are postmortem lesions of bradsot

A

true

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84
Q

3) Bradsot is caused by Clostridium chauvoei

A

false

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85
Q

4) Bradsot occurs mainly in tropical and subtropical countries

A

false

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86
Q

5) Soil contaminated frozen feed is a frequent predisposing factor of bradsot

A

true

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87
Q

6) Frozen food is a predisposing factor of bradsot

A

true

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88
Q

7) Bradsot occurs mainly late autumn and winter

A

true

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89
Q

8) Overeating can predispose the animals to bradsot

A

false

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90
Q

9) Thickening of and oedema in the stomach wall are typical lesions of bradsot

A

true

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91
Q

10) Aminoglycosides are successfully used for treatment in the case of bradsot

A

false

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92
Q

11) Bradsot is caused by Clostridium septicum

A

true

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93
Q

12) Severe pneumonia is a typical clinical sign of bradsot

A

false

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94
Q

13) Bradsot has a very fast course

A

true

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95
Q

14) Bradsot occurs only in suckling lambs

A

false

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96
Q

15) Bradsot is typically a chronic disease

A

false

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97
Q

16) Bradsot is common in the summer out on the pasture

A

false

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98
Q

17) Bradsot is an acute disease resulting in sudden death in many cases

A

true

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99
Q

18) We can use anaculture strain vaccine against Bradsot

A

true

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100
Q

19) Bradsot causes oedema of the legs and necrosis

A

false

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101
Q

20) Post mortem lesions of bradsot can be seen in the stomach (rennet)

A

true

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102
Q

1) Köves disease is an indicator disease

A

true

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103
Q

2) CSF is a predisposing factor of koves disease

A

true

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104
Q

3) Köves disease can be seen in pigs

A

true

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105
Q

4) Köves disease is caused by Clostridium chavoei

A

false

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106
Q

1) Infectious necrotic hepatitis is mainly seen in pigs

A

false

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107
Q

2) Infectious necrotic hepatitis can be prevented by using anatoxin vaccines

A

true

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108
Q

3) Liver fluke can predispose animals to infectious necrotic hepatitis

A

true

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109
Q

4) In sheep, Clostridium septicum causes necrotic liver infection

A

false

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110
Q

5) Infectious necrotic hepatitis causes inflammation and necrotic nodules in the liver

A

true

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111
Q

6) There is no vaccine to prevent infectious necrotic hepatitis

A

false

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112
Q

7) Infectious necrotic hepatitis is caused by Clostridium septicum

A

false

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113
Q

8) Infectious necrotic hepatitis is mainly seen in suckling lambs

A

false

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114
Q

9) Parasite infection is a frequent predisposing effect of infectious necrotic hepatitis

A

true

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115
Q

10) Focal necrosis in the liver is a typical post mortem lesion of infectious necrotic hepatitis

A

true

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116
Q

11) Anatoxin vaccines can be used for the prevention of infectious necrotic hepatitis

A

true

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117
Q

12) Infectious necrotic hepatitis is caused by Clostridium novyi

A

true

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118
Q

13) Infectious necrotic hepatitis is spread by tick

A

false

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119
Q

14) Infectious necrotic hepatitis is caused by Clostridium novyi type B

A

true

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120
Q

15) Infectious necrotic hepatitis is found worldwide

A

true

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121
Q

16) Infectious necrotic hepatitis can be transmitted by liver flukes.

A

false

122
Q

17) Infectious necrotic hepatitis occurs mostly in young sheep

A

false

123
Q

1) There is intravascular haemolysis in the case of bacillary haemoglobinuria

A

true

124
Q

2) Bacillary haemoglobinuria is caused by Clostridium haemolyticum

A

true

125
Q

3) There are no vaccines for the prevention of bacillary hemoglobinuria

A

false

126
Q

4) Phospholipidase C is a virulence factor of the agent of bacillary hemoglobinuria

A

true

127
Q

5) Bacillary haemoglobinuria is mainly seen in cattle.

A

true

128
Q

6) Bacillary haemoglobinuria is caused by Clostridium septicum

A

false

129
Q

7) Jaundice and anaemia are important clinical signs of bacillary hemoglobinuria

A

true

130
Q

8) Red urine is a typical clinical sign of bacillary hemoglobinuria

A

true

131
Q

9) Bacillary hemoglobinuria is a slow, chronic disease

A

false

132
Q

10) Bacillary hemoglobinuria can frequently be seen in horses

A

false

133
Q

11) Clostridium novyi is the causative agent of bacillary hemoglobinuria

A

false

134
Q

12) Bacillary hemoglobinuria causes severe haemorrhages

A

true

135
Q

13) Bacillary hemoglobinuria are caused by infection from the soil

A

true

136
Q

1) Lamb dysentery occurs in a week old animal

A

true

137
Q

2) Isolation of the agent from the gut gives aetiologic diagnosis of lamb dysentery

A

false

138
Q

3) Isolation of Cl. perfringens from the gut confirms the diagnosis of lamb dysentery.

A

false

139
Q

4) Lesions of lamb dysentery are generally seen in the large intestine

A

false

140
Q

5) Lesions of lamb dysentery can be seen in the small intestine

A

true

141
Q

6) Lamb dysentery is caused by Clostridium perfringens B

A

true

142
Q

7) Lambs have to be vaccinated with anatoxin vaccine in order to prevent lamb dysentery

A

false

143
Q

8) Lambs have to be vaccinated with attenuated vaccine in order to prevent lamb dysentery

A

false

144
Q

9) Pregnant ewes have to be vaccinated in order to prevent lamb dysentery

A

true

145
Q

10) Haemorrhagic diarrhoea is a clinical sign of lamb dysentery

A

true

146
Q

11) Lamb dysentery can be seen in lambs around weaning

A

false

147
Q

12) Lamb dysentery is found in 3-4-week-old lambs

A

false

148
Q

13) Pathological lesions of Lamb dysentery starts in the colon

A

false

149
Q

14) We can culture the pathogen of Lamb dysentery from the intestines

A

true

150
Q

15) Lamb dysentery is caused by Clostridium dysenteriae

A

false

151
Q

16) Lamb dysentery can be seen in lambs after weaning

A

false

152
Q

17) There is no vaccine for the prevention of lamb dysentery

A

false

153
Q

18) Lamb dysentery occurs in 2-6 weeks old lambs

A

false

154
Q

19) For diagnosis of lamb dysentery, the pathogen should be cultured from the intestine

A

true

155
Q

20) Pathological symptoms of lamb dysentery can be found in the large intestines

A

false

156
Q

21) Lamb dysentery can be prevented by vaccinating pregnant ewes

A

true

157
Q

22) Lamb dysentery can be successfully treated with penicillin when clinical signs appear.

A

false

158
Q

23) Lamb dysentery occurs in a week-old animal

A

true

159
Q

24) Lamb dysentery can be diagnosed by culturing the bacteria

A

true

160
Q

25) Newborn lambs have to be vaccinated in order to prevent lamb dysentery.

A

false

161
Q

26) Toxoid vaccines can be used in the prevention of the disease.

A

true

162
Q

27) Infection of lamb by secretion in the milk

A

false

163
Q

28) Lamb dysentery occurs in 1-2 weeks old lambs

A

true

164
Q

1) Struck is caused by Clostridium perfringens C

A

true

165
Q

2) Overeating is a predisposing factor of struck

A

true

166
Q

3) Struck can be seen mainly in lambs younger than 2 weeks

A

false

167
Q

4) Struck is an acute disease in horses

A

false

168
Q

5) Struck is a zoonotic disease

A

false

169
Q

6) Struck is a slow disease of older sheep

A

false

170
Q

7) Struck is a worldwide common disease with great economic impact

A

false

171
Q

1) Infectious necrotic enteritis of piglets occurs in the first 1-2 weeks of life

A

true

172
Q

2) The lesions of Infectious necrotic enteritis of piglets can be seen typically in the large intestine

A

false

173
Q

3) Maternal protection is important in the case of Infectious necrotic enteritis of piglets

A

true

174
Q

4) There is no vaccination for the prevention of Infectious necrotic enteritis of piglets

A

false

175
Q

5) Pig enterotoxaemia can be prevented by vaccinating the pregnant sows

A

true

176
Q

6) Pig enterotoxaemia is caused by Clostridium perfringens C

A

true

177
Q

7) Pigs showing clinical signs of enterotoxaemia have to be treated with antibiotics immediately

A

false

178
Q

8) Lesions of pig enterotoxaemia can be seen in the small intestine

A

true

179
Q

9) Pig enterotoxaemia is more frequent in the litter of young than old sows

A

true

180
Q

10) Clostridium Enterotoxaemia of Piglets occurs in 2-4 days old piglets

A

true

181
Q

11) Pig enterotoxaemia can be generally seen in weaned piglets

A

false

182
Q

12) Necrosis of gut epithelium is a postmortem lesion of pig enterotoxaemia

A

true

183
Q

13) Clostridium enterotoxaemia of piglets is caused by C. perfringens

A

true

184
Q

14) Clostridium enterotoxaemia of piglets is more frequent in the case of first farrowing Sows

A

true

185
Q

15) Clostridium perfringens C causes infectious necrotic enteritis of piglets

A

true

186
Q

16) Infectious necrotic enteritis of piglets occurs in piglets after weaning.

A

false

187
Q

17) The lesions of infectious necrotic enteritis of piglets can be seen generally in the small intestine

A

true

188
Q

18) Necrotic enteritis of piglets can be prevented by vaccination the sow with anatoxin

A

true

189
Q

19) Pig enterotoxaemia has to be diagnosed by detecting antibodies in the piglets

A

false

190
Q

20) Pig enterotoxaemia causes abdominal contractions in sows.

A

false

191
Q

21) Mesenteric lymph node is congested in case of pig enterotoxaemia

A

false

192
Q

22) Clostridium enterotoxaemia can be cultured from mesenteric lymph nodes or gut

A

true

193
Q

23) Enteritis in piglets are caused by Clostridium perfringens D

A

false

194
Q

24) Enteritis in piglets can be avoided by anatoxin vaccination

A

true

195
Q

25) Enteritis in piglets cannot be diagnosed by post-mortem, only by bacteriology

A

false

196
Q

26) Pig enterotoxaemia is caused by β-toxin production in 1st week of life

A

true

197
Q

27) Pig enterotoxaemia can cause a high mortality

A

true

198
Q

28) Necrotic enteritis of piglets cannot be diagnosed by isolating the agent from the gut

A

true

199
Q

29) Pig enterotoxaemia is not present in Europe

A

false

200
Q

30) Pig enterotoxaemia cannot be prevented by using vaccines

A

false

201
Q

1) Pulpy kidney disease is caused by Clostridium perf. D

A

true

202
Q

2) Overeating is a predisposing factor to pulpy kidney disease

A

true

203
Q

3) The toxin of the agent of pulpy kidney disease is sensitive to trypsin

A

false

204
Q

4) Pulpy Kidney Diseases is caused by Clostridium chauvoei

A

false

205
Q

5) Pulpy kidney disease generally occurs in 1-2week old lambs

A

false

206
Q

6) Pulpy kidney disease can occur at any age

A

false

207
Q

pulpy kidney disease of suckling lambs can be prevented by vaccinating pregnant ewes

A

false

208
Q

8) Sudden change the diet is a predisposing factor to pulpy kidney disease.

A

true

209
Q

9) The toxin damages the endothelial cells in the case of pulpy kidney disease

A

true

210
Q

10) Neurological signs are typical in the case of pulpy kidney disease.

A

true

211
Q

11) Isolation of the agent is necessary to the diagnosis of pulpy kidney disease

A

false

212
Q

12) Pulpy kidney disease is typically seen in lambs below 2 weeks of age

A

false

213
Q

13) Inactivated vaccines are used for the prevention of pulpy kidney disease

A

true

214
Q

14) Pulpy kidney disease is seen in piglets in the first week of life

A

false

215
Q

15) Pulpy kidney disease is a worldwide common disease

A

true

216
Q

16) Enterotoxaemia of sheep is also called pulpy kidney disease

A

true

217
Q

17) Cattle are not susceptible to this disease

A

true

218
Q

18) Vaccination are possible against pulpy kidney disease

A

true

219
Q

1) Coccidiosis is a predisposing factor of ulcerative enteritis in poultry

A

true

220
Q

2) Ulcerative enteritis of chicken is caused by Clostridium colinum

A

true

221
Q

3) Ulcerative enteritis is frequently seen in day old chicken

A

false

222
Q

4) Ulcers sometimes covered with pseudomembranes are frequent post mortem lesions of ulcerative enteritis of chicken

A

true

223
Q

5) Ulcerative enteritis can occur in 4-12-week-old chickens

A

true

224
Q

6) Clostridium perfringens is the causative agent of ulcerative enteritis in poultry

A

false

225
Q

7) Ulcerative enteritis of poultry is generally prevented with vaccination

A

false

226
Q

8) Lesions of ulcerative enteritis are mostly seen in the small intestines

A

true

227
Q

9) Ulcerative enteritis is a common disease in large scale farms

A

true

228
Q

10) Prevention of coccidiosis can help lower the incidence of ulcerative enteritis

A

true

229
Q

1) Coccidiosis is a predisposing factor of necrotic enteritis of chicken

A

true

230
Q

2) Foamy, brownish-red faeces is a clinical sign of necrotic enteritis of chicken

A

true

231
Q

3) Lesions of necrotic enteritis of chicken are typically occur in the large intestine

A

false

232
Q

4) Day-old chickens are widely vaccinated in order to prevent of necrotic enteritis

A

false

233
Q

5) Necrotic enteritis mostly occurs in chicken

A

true

234
Q

6) Waterfowl are not susceptible to necrotic enteritis

A

false

235
Q

7) Necrotic enteritis occurs in 1-3 weeks of age

A

false

236
Q

1) Tyzzer’s disease is caused by Clostridium piliforme

A

true

237
Q

gangrenous dermatitis is caused by Clostridium septicum and Clostridium perfringens A

A

true

238
Q

2) Gangrenous dermatitis is caused by obligate pathogens

A

false

239
Q

3) Gangrenous dermatitis causes muscle oedema

A

true

240
Q

4) Vaccines are the primary way of prevention of gangrenous dermatitis

A

false

241
Q

1) Flaccid paralysis is a frequent clinical sign of tetanus

A

false

242
Q

2) The agent of tetanus is strictly anaerobic

A

true

243
Q

3) The agent of tetanus can enter the host through wounds

A

true

244
Q

4) Tetanus is only seen in horse

A

false

245
Q

5) Over-eating can predispose animals to Tetanus

A

false

246
Q

6) The agent of Tetanus needs oxygen to replicate

A

false

247
Q

7) Anatoxin vaccines are available for the prevention of tetanus.

A

true

248
Q

8) Haemorrhages under the serous membranes and enlargement of parenchymal organs are typical postmortem lesions of tetanus

A

false

249
Q

9) Spasms are typical clinical signs of tetanus

A

true

250
Q

10) Tetanus is a zoonosis

A

false

251
Q

11) Toxoid vaccines can be used for the prevention of tetanus.

A

true

252
Q

12) Dogs are resistant to tetanus

A

false

253
Q

13) The clinical signs of tetanus are inducible

A

true

254
Q

14) Tetanus toxin cleaves synaptobrevin

A

true

255
Q

15) For tetanus we use vaccines which contain toxoid

A

true

256
Q

16) Tetanus cannot be prevented with vaccination

A

false

257
Q

17) Tetanus is caused by Clostridium tetani

A

true

258
Q

18) The agent of tetanus causes septicaemia

A

false

259
Q

19) Tetanus can be diagnosed on the basis of post mortem lesions

A

false

260
Q

20) Clostridium tetani produced endotoxin

A

false

261
Q

21) C. tetani needs anaerobic conditions for propagation

A

true

262
Q

22) Dogs are susceptible to tetanus

A

true

263
Q

23) Tetanus can be prevented with vaccines containing inactivated bacteria

A

false

264
Q

24) Tetanus can cause spasms

A

true

265
Q

25) Horses are resistant to tetanus

A

false

266
Q

26) Tetanus can only develop after deep wounds

A

false

267
Q

27) Wounds can predispose to tetanus

A

true

268
Q

28) The paralysis usually starts at the place of the wound

A

false

269
Q

29) Clostridium tetani toxin is produced in the feed

A

false

270
Q

30) Horses are most sensitive to tetanus

A

true

271
Q

31) Tetanus can be prevented by anatoxin vaccination

A

true

272
Q

32) Tetanus causes rigid paralysis

A

true

273
Q

33) There is no vaccine for tetanus.

A

false

274
Q

34) Dogs have high resistance to tetanus

A

true

275
Q

35) Clostridium tetani produces neurotoxins

A

true

276
Q

1) The toxin of clostridium botulinum causes flaccid paralysis

A

true

277
Q

2) Clostridium botulinum generally causes wound infection

A

false

278
Q

3) Focal necrosis in the liver is a typical post mortem lesion of Botulism

A

false

279
Q

4) The toxin of Clostridium botulinum has irreversible effect

A

true

280
Q

5) Botulism can be seen as a result of a wound infection

A

false

281
Q

6) Flaccid paralysis is the main clinical sign of botulism

A

true

282
Q

7) Birds are resistant to botulism

A

false

283
Q

8) Necrotic foci in the liver are typical post mortem lesions of botulism

A

false

284
Q

9) Generally wounds predispose animals to botulism

A

false

285
Q

10) The agent of botulism generally produces toxin at the site of entry.

A

false

286
Q

11) Botulism is diagnosed on the basis of the typical post mortem lesions.

A

false

287
Q

12) Clostridium botulinum can produce toxins outside the hosts

A

true

288
Q

13) No characteristic post mortem lesions can be seen in the case of botulism

A

true

289
Q

14) Botulism doesn’t occur in Europe

A

false

290
Q

15) Clostridium botulinum cannot tolerate air at all.

A

true

291
Q

16) Botulism usually develops following a wound infection

A

false

292
Q

17) Clostridium botulinum propagates in rotten materials

A

true

293
Q

18) In Hungary, botulism is seen most commonly in birds

A

true

294
Q

19) Clostridium botulinum spores are extremely resistant to heat

A

true

295
Q

20) In Hungary, botulism occurs in winter and early spring

A

false

296
Q

21) Botulism is eradicated in Europe

A

false

297
Q

clostridium botulinum can produce toxin, some of which are activated by proteases.

A

true

298
Q

23) Botulism is seen mainly during summer

A

true

299
Q

24) Spasms are the typical clinical sign of botulism

A

false

300
Q

25) Paralysis is the main sign of botulism

A

true

301
Q

26) Toxins of botulism are produced generally in the food

A

true

302
Q

27) Animals are mostly sensitive to C and D types of Clostridium botulinum

A

true

Epi (74 decks)

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