Tissue Injury and Repair Flashcards
What does increased demand/stimulation lead to?
Hypertrophy and Hyperplasia
What causes Atrophy?
Decreased nutrients/stimulation
What does chronic irritation lead to?
Metaplasia
What are the causes of cellular injury?
Hypoxia Physical Agents Chemical Agents Infectious Agents Immunological Reactions Genetic Derangements Nutritional Imbalances
What are mechanisms of cellular injury?
AT`P Depletion Mitochondrial Damage Increased Intracellular Ca2+ Oxidative Stress Membrane Damage DNA & Protein Damage
What is required for tissue regeneration?
Tissues with high proliferative capacity
Viable stem cells
Intact connective tissue scaffolding
What is regeneration?
Complete reconstitution
What is repair?
A combination of regeneration & scar formation
Give 2 examples of true regeneration
Epithelium following superficial skin injury
Bone following fracture
What local factors affect wound healing?
Size
Location
Type
Infections, mechanical forces, foreign bodies
What systemic factors effect wound healing?
Nutritional status
Metabolic status eg. diabetes
Circulatory/ vascular status
Hormones
Excessive repair can lead to what?
Excessive granulation tissue (proud flesh)
Excessive collagen accumulation (hypertrophic scar)
Keloid
