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Pathology > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of endocrine diseases?

A

Underproduction
Overproduction
Mass lesions

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2
Q

What hormones are released form the pituitary gland?

A 
Growth
Thyroid stimulating
Adreno-corticotrophic
Follicle stimulating
Lutenising
Prolactin
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3
Q

What are the causes of hyperpituitarism?

A

Adenoma
Cancer
Hyperplasia

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4
Q

What are 5 possible causes of hyperthyroidism?

A 
Grave's disease
Over treatment of thyroxine
Thyroiditis
Toxic multinodular goitre
Toxic adenoma
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5
Q

How can hyperthyroidism be managed?

A 
Thyroid function test
Treat cause
Carbimazole/propylthiouracil
Radioiodine
Thyroidectomy
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6
Q

What are the 5 causes of hypothyroidism?

A 
Iodine deficiency
Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Iatrogenic (surgery, radioiodine)
Pituitary defects
Congenital
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7
Q

What drug is used to manage hypothyroidism?

A

Thyroxine

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8
Q

What is the most common type of thyroid cancer?

A

Papillary carcinoma

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9
Q

What are the 3 causes of hypoparathyroidism?

A

Thyroidectomy
Congenital
Hereditary (autoimmune)

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10
Q

What are the symptoms of hypoparathyroidism?

A

Irritability
Tetany
Seizures

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11
Q

What are the 3 stages of hyperparathyroidism?

A

Primary- Adenoma
Secondary- chronic renal failure
Tertiary- after renal transplant

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of hyperparathyroidism?

A 
Constipation
Depression
Seizures
Muscle wasting
Polyuria
Bone fractures
Kidney stones
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13
Q

What are the 2 types of hyperaldosteronism?

A

Primary (conn’s)

Secondary (high renin)

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14
Q

What are the symptoms of conn’s disease?

A

Oedema
Hypertension
High sodium
Low potassium

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15
Q

What are the 3 functions of cortisol?

A

Regulates blood sugar
Inhibits inflammation
Stress response

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16
Q

What causes cushion’s syndrome?

A

ACTH releasing tumour (pituitary/lung)

Steroids

17
Q

What are the possible causes of addison’s disease (adrenal insufficiency)?

A

Autoimmune
Infection
Neoplasms

18
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of addison’s disease?

A

GI (anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea)
Weight loss
Hyperpigmentation
Low sodium/high potassium

19
Q

What are the two gonadocorticoids?

A

Testosterone

Oestrogen

20
Q

What are the presentations of phaeochromocytoma?

A 
Hypertension
Sweating
Palpitations
Nervousness
Increased metabolism
Rapid heart rate
21
Q

What does MEN stand for?

A

Multiple endocrine neoplasia

Pathology (22 decks)

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