Respiratory Tract Flashcards
What are the vast majority of lung tumours?
Carcinomas
What are the risk factors of lung carcinomas?
Smoking
Industrial hazards
Family history
Immunodeficiency
What other types of carcinoma is smoking associated with?
Mouth Pharynx Larynx Oesophagus Pancreas Cervix Kidney Bladder
What are the 4 presenting complaints of lung carcinomas?
Cough
Weight loss
Chest pain
Dyspnoea
What hormones are involved in paraneoplastic syndromes?
ADH ACTH Parathormone, parathyroid hormone related peptide, prostaglandin E, cytokines Calcitonin Gonadotropins Serotonin and bradykinin
What are the 3 types of non small cell carcinoma?
Squamous cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Large cell carcinoma
What is the histopathology of small cell carcinomas?
Small, tightly packed, darkly stained ovoid tumour cells (resemble oats)
What is the histopathology of squamous cell carcinoma?
Well differentiated resembles stratified squamous epithelium; characterised by keratin formation &/ intercellular bridges
What is the histopathology of adenocarcinoma?
Well differentiated and have obvious glandular elements; 80% contain mucin
What is the histopathology of large call carcinoma?
Large, anapaestic epithelial cells growing in islands and sheets
How do metastatic neoplasms arrive at the lung?
Blood, lymphatics or direct continuity
What are the common primary sites that metastasise to the lungs?
Bowel
Prostate
Breast
Kidney
When is secondary metastatic involvement more common than primary tumour?
In pleural tumours
What is the name of the primary pleural tumour?
Malignant mesothelioma
What are people with malignant mesothelioma often exposed to?
Asbestos
