Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
What is the axial part of the skeleton?
Skull
Sternum
Ribbs
Vetebral column
What is the other part of the skeleton that isn’t axial?
Appendicular
What are the ends of a long bone called?
Epiphysis
What is the middle part of a long bone called?
Diaphysis
How do fractures occur?
Trauma
What are possible obstacles to fracture healing?
Bone not aligned
Area not immobilised
Fracture site contains dead bone
Infection
What is osteoporosis?
Decrease in bone mass and density which can lead to fractures
What causes osteoporosis?
Imbalance between bone resorption and bone production
Inadequate peak bone mass
What hormonal influence causes osteoporosis?
Lack of oestrogen eg. post menopausal
How is osteoporosis treated?
NICE guidelines
Alendronic acid - bisphophonate that prevents osteoclast activity
What are the 5 classifications of arthritis?
Osteo Rheumatoid Gouty Infectious Juvenile Idiopathic
What are the 3 types of Seronegative Spondyloarthropathy?
Ankylosing spondylitis
Reactive arthritis
Psoriatic arthritis
What is osteoarthritis associated with?
Ageing and obesity
What joints does osteoarthritis usually affect?
Weight-bearing
What are the secondary causes of osteoarthritis?
Previous joint trauma
Congenital abnormality
What are the risk factors of osteoarthritis?
Age Female (menopause) Joint deformity Mechanical stress (sportspeople) Genetics Hypermobility Other diseases
What are osteophytes?
Bony thickening and outgrowths
What are some features of osteoarthritis?
Morning stiffness Pain with movement Reduced range of movement Reduced mobility Joint effusions Crepitus
What does of arthritis has a link with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)?
Rheumatoid