Thrombosis, Embolism and Shock Flashcards
Define Thrombosis
The formation of solid or semi sold mass from the constituents of the blood while moving within the vascular system during life
Where may Thrombi form?
Arteries, veins, capillaries
What can trigger thrombi in the capillaries?
Infections, septicaemia, malaria, neoplasms, liver disease
What 3 factors promote thrombosis? (Virchow’s Triad)
Abnormalities of vessel wall
Abnormalities of blood flow
Abnormalities of the blood’s constituents
Abnormalities of the vessel wall include what?
Atheroma Trauma Inflammation Chemicals eg. sclerosants (for varicose veins) and glucose (atheroma)
Abnormalities of blood flow include what?
Turbulence eg. aneurysms, plaques, spasm
What types of thing are associated with Polycythaemia?
Dehydration
Chronic Hypoxia
Polycythaemia rubra vera
Multiple myeloma are associated with hyperproteinaemia, what are they?
Tumour of plasma cells in bone marrow with accumulation of immunoglobulins in plasma
What can clotting abnormalities be attributed to?
Pregnancy Contraceptive pills Trauma Thrombocythaemia Tumours Genetics
What is the resolution of thrombi?
Fibrinolysis
Name the types/causes of emboli
Thrombi Fat Gas Tumour material Infective agents Atheroma Amniotic fluid Foreign bodies
What is shock?
Physiological state characterised by significant systemic reduction in tissue perfusion
What does reduced tissue perfusion result in?
Decreased tissue oxygen delivery and insufficient removal of cellular metabolic products resulting in tissue injury
Which type of shock results from internal/external haemorrhage or severe burns?
Hypovolaemic
What leads to cardiogenic shock?
Large acute MI
Other acute cardiac disease
