Breast Flashcards
What are the 4 clinical presentations of breast disease?
Pain
Palpable mass
Nipple discharge
Mammographic abnormality
How often are mammographies (breast cancer screening) performed?
50-70 years 3 yearly
What is fibrocystic disease?
Lumpiness
Pain/tenderness
Hormone related
Calcification
What is fat necrosis?
Trauma to breast causes localised haemorrhage and necrosis (mimics cancer)
What is mastitis?
Inflammatory condition
Red, tender, warm
Blocked ducts (lactation)
How can lactation mastitis be helped?
Breastfeeding
Avoid smoking
What are the 2 types of benign breast tumours?
Fibroadenoma
Papilloma
What are the 3 types of malignant breast tumours?
Ductal carcinoma
Lobular carcinoma
Paget’s disease
What is involved in the triple assessment to diagnose breast tumours?
Clinical impression
Radiology
Cytology/histology
What is papilloma?
Benign wart like growths in ducts with bleeding/nipple discharge
What is fibroadenoma?
Benign rubbery lumps at reproductive age that can grow in pregnancy
What is the cause of hereditary breast cancer?
BRCA mutation
What are the risk factors of breast cancer?
Age
Oestrogen (early puberty, parity, breastfeeding)
Obesity
Alcohol
What is ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS)?
Abnormality of milk ducts
Pre malignant
What are the 3 stages of ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS)?
Low grade
High grade
Invasive
