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Pathology > Central Nervous System > Flashcards

Central Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the basic functions of the nervous system?

A 
Sensory
Motor
Central
Peripheral
Autonomic
Somatic
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2
Q

What are the higher functions of the nervous system?

A

Consciousness
Complex and learned motor skills
Memory and planning
Communication/language

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3
Q

What are the 4 areas of the cerebral hemispheres?

A

Grey matter
White matter
Basal ganglia
Ventricular system

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4
Q

What are the meninges?

A

Membranous covering of the central nervous system

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5
Q

What are the functions of the meninges?

A

Protective

Production of cerebrospinal fluid

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6
Q

What is the name used for the arteries in the brain?

A

Circle of willis

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7
Q

What is herniation of the brain?

A

When one part of the brain moves from one compartment of the skull to another

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8
Q

What is the spinal cord made up of?

A 
8 cervical nerve pairs
12 thoracic nerve pains
5 lumbar nerve pairs
5 sacral nerve pairs
1 coccygeal nerve
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9
Q

What is the function of the spinal cord?

A

Communications of motor and sensory functions between brain and peripheral nervous system

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10
Q

What is the role of neurons?

A

Processors

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11
Q

What are the 2 types of glial cells?

A

Schwann cells
Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes

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12
Q

The pre central gyrus is associated with which cortex?

A

Motor

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13
Q

The post central gyrus is associated with which cortex?

A

Sensory

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14
Q

Where is broca’s area located?

A

Frontal lobe, anterior to pre motor cortex

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15
Q

What is broker’s area responsible for?

A

Speech production

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16
Q

Where is wernicke’s area located?

A

Temporal lobe, posterior to auditory cortex

17
Q

What is wernicke’s area responsible for?

A

Speech processing

Comprehension of written and spoke language

18
Q

What is the basic function of the frontal lobe?

A 
Decision making
Emotion
Memory
Motor cortex
Olfactory function (smell)
Speech
19
Q

What is the basic function of the parietal lobe?

A

Sensory cortex

20
Q

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

A

Auditory cortex comprehension of written and spoken words

Memory

21
Q

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

A

Visual cortex

22
Q

What is the function of the brain stem?

A

Conduction of motor/sensory pathways
Cardiorespiratory function
Consciousness
Cranial nerve roots

23
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

Precise motor control
Language
Attention

24
Q

What are focal neurological signs?

A

Signs that causation can be localised to an anatomic site in the CNS

25
Q

What are general neurological abnormalities?

A

An alteration in level of consciousness

26
Q

Why is assessment of consciousness important?

A

It allows identification of the progression of a neurological insults

27
Q

What are examples of neurological signs that represent the frontal lobe?

A

Anosmia (no smell)
Inappropriate emotion
Expressive dysphasia
Motor impairment

28
Q

What are examples of neurological signs that represent the parietal lobe?

A

Receptive dysphasia

Sensory impairment

29
Q

What are examples of neurological signs that represent the temporal lobe?

A

Cortical deafness

Receptive dysphasia

30
Q

Complete paralysis of body and legs with maintained head and neck movement is caused by what?

A

Injuries to cervical spine (trauma)

31
Q

How does diffuse neurological injury manifest?

A

Impairment of consciousness

32
Q

What is diffuse neurological injury usually due to?

A

Intracranial pressure

33
Q

What are the obvious causes of reduced consciousness?

A

Trauma
Hypoxia
Hypothermia

34
Q

What causes of reduced consciousness may require additional tests?

A

Hypo/hyperglycaemia

Post epileptic seizure

35
Q

What is the basic AVPU assessment of consciousness?

A

Alert
Verbal
Pain
Unresponsive

36
Q

What tool is used to assess consciousness?

A

Glasgow coma scale

Pathology (22 decks)

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