Central Nervous System Flashcards by Jess Campbell

What are the basic functions of the nervous system?

Sensory
Motor
Central
Peripheral
Autonomic
Somatic

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What are the higher functions of the nervous system?

Consciousness
Complex and learned motor skills
Memory and planning
Communication/language

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What are the 4 areas of the cerebral hemispheres?

Grey matter
White matter
Basal ganglia
Ventricular system

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What are the meninges?

Membranous covering of the central nervous system

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What are the functions of the meninges?

Protective

Production of cerebrospinal fluid

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What is the name used for the arteries in the brain?

Circle of willis

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What is herniation of the brain?

When one part of the brain moves from one compartment of the skull to another

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What is the spinal cord made up of?

8 cervical nerve pairs
12 thoracic nerve pains
5 lumbar nerve pairs
5 sacral nerve pairs
1 coccygeal nerve

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What is the function of the spinal cord?

Communications of motor and sensory functions between brain and peripheral nervous system

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What is the role of neurons?

Processors

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What are the 2 types of glial cells?

Schwann cells
Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes

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The pre central gyrus is associated with which cortex?

Motor

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The post central gyrus is associated with which cortex?

Sensory

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Where is broca’s area located?

Frontal lobe, anterior to pre motor cortex

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What is broker’s area responsible for?

Speech production

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Where is wernicke’s area located?

Temporal lobe, posterior to auditory cortex

What is wernicke’s area responsible for?

Speech processing

Comprehension of written and spoke language

What is the basic function of the frontal lobe?

Decision making
Emotion
Memory
Motor cortex
Olfactory function (smell)
Speech

What is the basic function of the parietal lobe?

Sensory cortex

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

Auditory cortex comprehension of written and spoken words

Memory

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

Visual cortex

What is the function of the brain stem?

Conduction of motor/sensory pathways
Cardiorespiratory function
Consciousness
Cranial nerve roots

What is the function of the cerebellum?

Precise motor control
Language
Attention

What are focal neurological signs?

Signs that causation can be localised to an anatomic site in the CNS

What are general neurological abnormalities?

An alteration in level of consciousness

Why is assessment of consciousness important?

It allows identification of the progression of a neurological insults

What are examples of neurological signs that represent the frontal lobe?

Anosmia (no smell) Inappropriate emotion Expressive dysphasia Motor impairment

What are examples of neurological signs that represent the parietal lobe?

Receptive dysphasia | Sensory impairment

What are examples of neurological signs that represent the temporal lobe?

Cortical deafness | Receptive dysphasia

Complete paralysis of body and legs with maintained head and neck movement is caused by what?

Injuries to cervical spine (trauma)

How does diffuse neurological injury manifest?

Impairment of consciousness

What is diffuse neurological injury usually due to?

Intracranial pressure

What are the obvious causes of reduced consciousness?

Trauma Hypoxia Hypothermia

What causes of reduced consciousness may require additional tests?

Hypo/hyperglycaemia | Post epileptic seizure

What is the basic AVPU assessment of consciousness?

Alert Verbal Pain Unresponsive

What tool is used to assess consciousness?

Glasgow coma scale