Cell Injury

Question 1

What does stress on a normal cell lead to?

Answer 1

Adaptation

Question 2

If a cell is unable to adapt this leads to?

Answer 2

Cell injury

Question 3

Irreversible injury leads to what 2 things?

Answer 3

Necrosis and Apoptosis

Question 4

What are the 4 types of cell adaptation?

Answer 4

Hyperplasia
Hypertrophy
Metaplasia
Atrophy

Question 5

The increase in the size of cells resulting in increase size of organ?

Answer 5

Hypertrophy

Question 6

Increase in cell number resulting in larger organ?

Answer 6

Hyperplasia

Question 7

What is atrophy?

Answer 7

Shrinkage of the size of the cells by loss of cell substance

Question 8

What is Metaplasia?

Answer 8

One adult cell is replaced by another.

Question 9

Causes of cell injury?

Answer 9

Hypoxia
Ischemia
Chemical exposure
Infection
Radiation
Lack of nutrients
Immunologic reaction
Ageing

Question 10

What is the morphology of reversible cell injury?

Answer 10

Cellular swelling

Fatty change

Question 11

How does necrosis occur?

Answer 11

Damage to membranes allows enzymes to digest the cell

Question 12

What is apoptosis?

Answer 12

Programmed cell death involving irreparable damage to cell’s protein/DNA or deprived growth factors

Question 13

Is necrosis pathological or physiological?

Answer 13

Pathological

Question 14

What is the name of the enzymes involved in apoptosis?

Answer 14

Caspases

Question 15

What 2 pathways are involved in apoptosis?

Answer 15

Mitochondrial (intrinsic) and Fas receptor (extrinsic)

Question 16

What are the 4 types of necrosis?

Answer 16

Coagulative
Liquefactive
Caseous
Fat

Question 17

What are the 6 mechanisms of cell injury?

Answer 17

Depletion of ATP
Mitochondrial damage
Influx of calcium
Oxidative stress
Damage to the cell membrane
DNA damage

Question 18

What does dysplastic mean?

Answer 18

Abnormal growth

Question 19

What does neoplastic mean?

Answer 19

New growth