Ischaemic Heart Disease Flashcards
What is the cause?
Imbalance between supply and demand of oxygenated blood
What causes decreased flow/supply of oxygenated blood?
Atheroma
Embolism
Spasm
What causes increased demand for oxygen?
Thyrotoxicosis
Myocardial hypertrophy
What are the fixed risk factors?
Positive family history
Male
Age
Genes
What are potentially reversible risk factors?
Hyperlipidaemia Smoking Hypertension Diabetes Lack of exercise Obesity Alcohol
What are the signs and symptoms?
Chest pain Shortness of breath Palpitations Syncope Nausea, sweating, paleness
Why might chest pain not be a symptom?
Elderly or diabetic
What are the clinical presentations?
Stable angina Unstable angina NSTEMI STEMI Sudden death
What investigations can be undertaken?
Observations Bloods Chest x-ray ECG Exercise tolerance test
What are the complications of myocardial infarction?
Cardiac arrest
Arrythmias
Pericarditis
Valvular defects
What treatments are common for all acute coronary syndromes and angina?
Oxygen
Pain relief
Aspirin
What treatments are used for angina?
Lifestyle changes
Nitrates
B-blockers
What treatments are used for acute coronary syndromes?
Thrombolytic therapy
PTCA
CABG
Drugs
What is LDL cholesterol?
‘bad cholesterol’
it is delivered to peripheral tissues
What is HDL cholesterol?
‘good cholesterol’
mobilises cholesterol from the tissues and transports it to the liver to be excreted in bile
