Thorax and Neck Flashcards by Clyde Silverio

Differentiate typical vs atypical rib

Typical - long, twisted, flat, has costal groove

Atypical - small, flattened, first rib

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___ muscle is attached to the first rib (accessory muscle of respiration)

Scaleneus anterior

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the first to seventh ribs are attached to the ___ edge of the sternum

lateral

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the 8th to tenth ribs are attached to the ____

cartilage above it

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The sternal angle of louis is at the level of the ___ throracic vertebra

T4 to T5

Also the junction of the ascending and aortic arch,, bifurcation of the trachea,

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Name the false ribs

8,9,10

True ribs - 1 to 7
Floating - 11,12

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Compression of the brachial plexus and subclavian artery and vein against the first rib and clavicle causes

Thoracic outlet syndrome

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This muscle of respiration is lined by endothoracic fascia and pleura

innermost intercostal

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Arrangement of blood vessels and nerves in the intercostals (from top to bottom)

vein, artery, nerve

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Name the openings of the diaphragm

IVC 8
Esophageal 10
Aorta 12

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Name the muscles of inspiration

SCM, scalene, intercostals, diaphragm

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The suprasternal space of burns is located ___ cm above the manubrium

2 cm

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[Fascia]

what enclose the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid?

Superficial layer of the deep cervical fascia

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[Fascia]

what enclose the submandibular and parotid glands?

superficial layer of the deep cervical fascia

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[Fascia]

forms the false capsule of the thyroid

pretracheal layer

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[Fascia]

sheath that encloses the infrahyoid muscles

pretracheal layer

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[Fascia]

forms the fascial floor of the posterior triangle

prevertebral layer

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[Fascia]

most superficial deep fascia

investing layer

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[Fascia]

a deep cervical fascia that is limited to the anterior part of the neck

pretracheal

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___ local condensation of the prevertebral, pretracheal and investing layers of the deep cervical fascia

carotid sheath

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What are the contents of the carotid sheath

L: IJV
M: CCA, ICA
P: vagus nerve

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____

a potential space bounded by deep cervical fascia, lies between the vertebral and visceral compartments

retropharyngeal space

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What are the boundaries of the retropharyngeal space?

A: visceral part of the pretracheal fascia
P: Prevertebral fascia
L: carotid sheaths

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What are the fascia that surrounds the retropharyngeal space

A: pretracheal (middle deep fascia)

2. P: Prevertebral (deep deep fascia)

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The submandibular space is transected by what muscle

mylohyoid

____ broad thin, sheet of muscle in the subcutaneous tissue of the neck

platysma

In torticollis, the chin pointing to the right, then upward, and then the head turned to the left means that the damage is

Left SCM

what bone has no articulation with another bone?

hyoid

the hyoid bone is at the level of what cervical vertebra?

What are your suprahyoid muscles?

1. Digastric 2. Mylohoid 3. Stylohyoid 4. Geniogyoid Remember: D MSG

What muscle divides the digastric into anterior and posterior belly

stylohyoid

What are your infrahyoid muscles?

1. Thyrohyoid 2. Omohyoid 3. Sternohyoid 4. Sternothyroid

The superficial infrahyoid muscles are?

1. Omohyoid | 2. Sternohyoid

the deep infrahyoid muscles are

1. Thyrohyoid 2. Sternothyroid these are covered byt the sternohyoid muscle

What muscle depresses the larynx?

sternothyroid

What muscle elevates the larynx?

Thyrohyoid

what muscle divides the neck into anterior and posterior triangles?

SCM

What are the different triangles of the anterior traingle

1. Submental 2. Digastric/Submandibular 3. Carotid 4. Muscular

What are the triangles of the posterior triangle?

1. Supraclavicular | 2. Occipital

Draw the boundaries of the triangles of the neck

This neck triangle is associated with accessory nerve lesions

occipital triangle

The posterior triangle contains these nerves

1. 3 trunks of the brachial plexus 2. Four cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus 3. Spinal accessory

What are the arteries present in the posterior triangle?

1. 3rd part of subclavian artery 2. Suprascapular artery 3. Transverse cervical artery 4. Occipital artery

___ is the superficial landmark of the supraclavicular fossa

Supraclavicular triangle

This triangle is where the external jugular vein and subclavian vein crosses

supraclavicular triangle

What rib articulates the manubrium

1. First rib | 2. Upper half of the second rib

The head of 5th rib articulates with the

Superior articular facet, T4 | Inferior articular facet of T5

Rib 10 articulates to what thoracic vertebra

T10

The 5th rib tubercle articulates to the ___

Transverse process of T5

Rib without tubercle

11, 12

The rib tubercle articulates with what part of the vertebra

Transverse process of the corresponding vertebra

Weakest part of the rib is ___

anterior to its angle

What are your muscles of inspiration?

1. External intercostal 2. Internal intercostal 3. Innermost intercostal

[Diaphragm] The right crura arises from the

1. Sides of T1 to T3 + intervertebral discs

[Diaphragm] The left crura arises from the

Body of L1 to L2 + intervertebral disk

During inspiration, the rib neck moves laterally and rotates

on its own axis

What muscles contract during forced inspiration to raise the firs rib?

1. Scalenus anterior | 2. Scalenus medius

What muscles contract during forced inspiration to raise the sternum?

SCM

What muscles contract during forced inspiration to raise the ribs?

1. Serratus anterior | 2. Pectoralis minor

What muscles contract during forced expiration to pull the 12th rib downward?

1. Quadratus lumborum

What muscles contract during forced expiration to pull the lower ribs?

1. Latissimus dorsi

The largest branch among the intercostal nerves is the ____

1st intercostal nerve

What intercostal nerve joins the C8 to form the brachial plexus?

1st intercostal nerve

The skin above the sternal angle can be the referred pain site for ___

GB pain

What subcostal nerve runs beneath the 12th rib

12th thoracic spinal nerve

[Intercostal artery] Large single

Posterior intercostal artery

[Posterior Intercostal artery] The Intercostal artery supplying the first and 2nd ICS is a branch of the

Costovertebral trunk

[Posterior Intercostal artery] the intercostal artery supplying the 3rd to 9th intercostal space is a branch of the

thoracic aorta

[Intercostal artery] 2 arteries that are small

anterior intercostal artery

[Anterior Intercostal artery] The intercostal artery supplying the first to sixth intercostal space is a branch of the

Internal thoracic

[Anterior Intercostal artery] The intercostal artery supplying the 7th to 9th ICS is a branch of the

musculophrenic artery

The posterior intercostal vein drains to the ____

1. Azygous (right) | 2. Hemiazygous (left)

The anterior intercostal vein drains to teh

1. Internal thoracic vein | 2. Musculophrenic vein

During thoracentesis, the needle pass throug these structures

{Anterior to posterio} 1. Externa Intercostal 2. Innermost intercosta 3. Thoracic caity

From superior to inferior, what are the contents of the intercostal space?

Vein Artery Nerve

The intercostal nodes drain to the ____

Cysterna chyli

The phrenic nodes drain to the ____

parasternal and posterior mediastinal lymph nodes