Brachial Plexus Flashcards
Name the 5 parts of the brachial plexus
RoTonDa CuBao (5 roots, 3 trunks, 6 divisions, 3 cords, 5 branches)
What are the 5 roots of the brachial plexus
C5, C6, C7, C8, T1
What are the 3 trunks of the brachial plexus?
Superior, middle, inferior
What are the 6 divisions of the brachial plexus?
3 anterior, 3 posterior divisions
What are the 3 cords of the brachial plexus
Lateral, Posterior, Medial
What are the 5 branches of the brachial plexus
Musculocutaneous, Axillary, Radial, Medial, Ulnar
What are the anterior division fibers of the brachial plexus?
- Musculocutaneous
- Ulnar
- Median
What are posterior division fiber of the brachial plexus?
- Radial
2. Axillary
What are the medial cords of your brachial plexus?
- Median
2. Ulnar
What are the lateral cords of your brachial plexus?
- Musculocutaneos
2. Median
What innervates the rhomboids?
C5 - dorsal scapular
What innervates the serratus anterior?
Long thoracic
What innervates the subscapularis?
Upper subscapular
What innervates the latissimus dorsi
Thoracodorsal
What innervates the deltoid and teres minor?
Deltoid and Teres minor
The musculocutaneous nerve innervates what compartment of the arm?
anterior compartment
The radial nerve innervates what compartment of the arm?
posterior compartment
The ulnar nerve innervates what compartment of the arm?
intrinsic muscles of hand
What innervates the FCU and FDP?
medial
Erb-duchenne syndrome is due to a lesion in the ____
C5 and C6
Waiter’s tip is due to a damage in what nerve
C5 and C6
What syndrome?
Arm is adducted, extended, medially rotated, forearm is pronated, carpal flexors flex the hand at the wrist
Erb Duchenne
In Erb Duchenne, the sensation is ___ (medial/lateral)
lateral
Paralysis of the C8 to T1 results to
Klumpke
In Klumpke, the alteration of the sensation is see on the ___ (medial/lateral) aspect of the hand, ring, little finger
medial
“ape” hand
“claw” hand
Klumpke
What muscles in the upper limb are affected in Klumpke? Distal/proximal
Distal
What syndrome
weakness of the wrist and finger flexors due to excessive ABduction of the arm
Klumkpe
Winged scapula
long thoracic
Serratus anterior
Nerve damage from radical mastectomy, stab wounds, thoracic surgery
long thoracic nerve
Nerve damage during surgical procedures of the axilla
Thoracodorsal nerve
Latissimus dorsi
Patient have a difficulty elevating the trunk, difficulty using a crutch
Thoracodorsal nerve
What nerve may be damaged if there is a fracture of the surgical neck
axillary nerve
what nerve is damaged if the head of the humerus is dislocated?
axillary nerve
[What damage]
A patient unable to ABduct the arm, altered sensation in the skin covering the deltoid
axillary nerve
Weakness in lateral rotation is due to a weakness of what muscle?
Teres minor muscle
Alteration of sensation in the skin covering of the deltoid suggests a damage in what nerve?
Axillary nerve
This muscle is compressed through the coracobrachialis muscle
musculocutaneous nerve
patient presents with weakness in flexion of the forearm at the elbow and weakness in supination
musculocutaneous nerve
Spiral fracture of the midshaft of the humerus can lead to a damage in _____
radial nerve
Patient felt pain and paresthesia in skin over the first dorsal interosseus muscle between the thumb and index finger
Radial nerve lesions
“wrist drop”
radial nerve
weakness in the ability to extend the hand at the wrist and a loss of extension at the MP joints of all digits
Radial nerve
Crutch pressing upward into the armpit
axillary nerve
downward shoulder dislocation
axillary nerve
fractures of the surgical neck of the humerus
axillary nerve
crutches pressing the axilla
radial nerve
saturday night palsy
radial nerve
supracondylar fracture of the humerus
median nerve
hand of benediction
median nerve
altered cutaneous sensation-lateral 3 and 1/2 digits and thenar eminence; flexion at wrist; flexion of lateral finger and flesxon of thumb
Median nerve
Lunate dislocation
carpal tunnel syndrome
numbness and pain over the palmar aspect of thumb, index, and middle fingers
carpal tunnel syndrome
___ hand
weakness in opposition of thumb; remains adducted and extended
APE hand
What nerve is affected in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Median Nerve
part of the body
formed posteriorly by the concave surfaces of the carpal bones and anteriorly by a thickening of the deep fascia
flexor retinaculum
The median nerve is entrapped here leading to Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Flexor retinaculum / Transverse carpal ligament
What tendons pass through the carpal tunnel?
- FDS x 4 tendons
- FDP x 4 tendons
- FPL x 1 tendon
What lies between the tendons of the FDS and FCR
median nerve
What tendon is directly medial to the to the median nerve?
FDS
What tendon is directly lateral to the median nerve
FCR
damage to the median nerve leads to pins and needles sensation. What is its distribution
- Lateral 3 1/2 of fingers
2. Weak thenar muscles
What branch of the median nerve passes superficially to the flexor retinaculum resulting to paresthesia
palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve
medial epicondyle fractures
ulnar nerve
weakness in the flexion of medial fingers
weakness in wrist flexion
altered sensation of the medial 1 and 1/2 digits
ulnar nerve
Fracture of the hook of hamate
ulnar nerve
claw hand
ulnar nerve
weakness in the ability to ABduct/ADduct fingers
ulnar
crutch palsy
radial nerve
surgical neck fracture of humerus
axillary
midshaft spiral fractures humerus
radial nerve
supracondylar fracture of the humerus
median nerve
medial epicondyle fracture
ulnar nerve
hook of hamate fracture
ulnar nerve
What are the branches of the lateral cord
- Musckulocutaneous
2. Median
What are the branches of the medial cord?
- Median
2. Ulanr
What are the branches of the posterior cord?
- Axillary
2. Radial
What innervates the reginmental badge area in the deltoid?
axillary nerve
