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Anatomy > Lower Extremity > Flashcards

Lower Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

[Anterior thigh muscles]

What innervates the anterior thigh muscles?

A

Femoral nerve

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2
Q

[Anterior thigh muscles]

What are your anterior thigh msucles?

A
  1. Iliopsoas
  2. Tensor fascia lata
  3. Sartorius
  4. Pectineus
  5. Quadriceps femoris
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3
Q

[Anterior thigh muscles]

What is the strongest hip flexor

A

Ilipsoas

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4
Q

[Anterior thigh muscles]

What medially rotates the thigh?

A

Tensor fascia lata

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5
Q

[Anterior thigh muscles]

What laterally rotates the thigh

A

Sartorius

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6
Q

[Anterior thigh muscles]

What are the components of your quadriceps femoris

A

Remember: tatlong Vastus sa recto

Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius

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7
Q

[Anterior thigh muscles]

what supples the tensor fascia lata?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

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8
Q

[Anterior thigh muscles]

What is the origin of sartorius and TFL?

A

ASIS

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9
Q

[Anterior thigh muscles]

what is the origin of your rectus femoris?

A

AIIS

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10
Q

[Anterior thigh muscles]

Wha is the common insertion of quadriceps femoris?

A

Patellar tendon

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11
Q

[Anterior thigh muscles]

What is the main action of the anterior compartment of the thigh muscles?

A
  1. Flex the thigh at hip joint

2. Extend the leg at knee joint

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12
Q

[Medial thigh muscles]

What are the components of your medial thigh?

A
  1. Adductor longus
  2. Adductor brevis
  3. Adductor magnus
  4. Gracilis
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13
Q

[Medial thigh muscles]

what innervates your medial thigh?

A

obturator nerve

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14
Q

[Medial thigh muscles]

what is the common insertion of your adductor muscles?

A

Linea aspera of femur

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15
Q

[Medial thigh muscles]

What is the insertion of the hamstring part of adductor magnus?

A

Adductor tubercle of femur

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16
Q

[Medial thigh muscles]

what adducts the thigh and flexes the leg?

A

Gracilis

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17
Q

[Medial thigh muscles]

What is the main action of your medial thigh muscles?

A

ADducts the thigh

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18
Q

[Posterior thigh muscles]

What are the actions of your posterior thigh muscles?

A
  1. Extend the thigh

2. Flex the leg

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19
Q

[Posterior thigh muscles]

What innervates your posterior thigh muscles?

A

Sciatic nerve

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20
Q

[Posterior thigh muscles]

What are the muscles of your posterior thigh?

A
  1. Semitendinosus
  2. Semimembranosus
  3. Biceps femoris, long head (tibial part)
  4. Biceps femoris, short head, common peroneal
  5. Adductor magnus
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21
Q

[Posterior thigh muscles]

What is the common origin of your hamstring muscles?

A

Ischial tuberosuty

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22
Q

What are the innervation of the adductor magnus?

A
  1. Medial thigh - obturator nerve

2. Posterior thigh - Sciatic nerve

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23
Q

[Femoral triangle]

What are the contents of your femoral traingle?

A

NAVEL

  1. Femoral nerve and its branches
  2. Femoral sheath
  3. Femoral artery and branches
  4. Femoral branches and tributaries
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24
Q

[Femoral triangle]

What are the borders of your femoral triangle?

A

S: Inguinal ligament
M: adductor longus
L: sartorius
F: Adductor longus, pectineu, lliopsoas

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25
Q

[Femoral Sheath]

It is formed by____

A
  1. Inferior prolongation of the iliopsoas

2. Transversalis fasia

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26
Q

[Femoral Sheath]

What are the compartments of the femoral sheath?

A
  1. Lateral - femoral artery
  2. Intermediate - femoral vein
  3. Medial - femoral canal
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27
Q

What is the most lateral structure within the femoral sheath?

A

Femoral artery

remember: sheath: artery

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28
Q

What is the most lateral structure within the femoral triangle

A

Femoral nerve

Remember: triangle: nerve

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29
Q

What nerve supplies the skin below the inguinal ligament?

A

genitofemoral nerve

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30
Q

The femoral vein is ___ (lateral/medial) to the femoral pulse

A

medial

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31
Q

Where can you palpate the femoral pulse?

A

between the ASIS and symphisis pubis

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32
Q

This refers to the hunter canal

A

Adductor canal = subsartorial canal

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33
Q

[Adductor canal]

what are the contents of your adductor canal?

A
  1. Femoral artery/vein
  2. Saphenous nerve
  3. Nerve to vastus medialis
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34
Q

This tunnel runs from the apex of the femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus in the adductor magnus muscle

A

adductor hiatus

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35
Q

[Gluteal region]

what are the different regions in your gluteal area?

A
  1. Superficial group - extends thig
  2. Intermediate group - ABduct, medially rotate thigh
  3. Deep group, lateral rotator of thigh
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36
Q

[Gluteal region]

What are the muscles of the superficial group of the gluteal region?

A

Gluteus maximus - extend thigh

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37
Q

[Gluteal region]

What are the muscles of the intermediate group of the gluteal region?

A
  1. Gluteus medius
  2. Gluteus minimus

ABduct thigh
Medially rotates thigh

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38
Q

[Gluteal region]

What are the muscles of the deep group of the gluteal region?

A
  1. Piriformis
  2. Obturator internus
  3. Superior and inferior gemelli
  4. Quadratus femoris

lateral rotator

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39
Q

What are the common origin of your gluteal muscles?

A

Outer surface of ilium

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40
Q

Which gluteal muscles does not insert in the greater trochanter of femur?

A
  1. Gluteus maximus

2. Quadratus femoris

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41
Q

[Gluteal region]

What innervates your gluteal medius and minimus?

A

Superior gluteal

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42
Q

What is the largest nerve in the body?

A

sciatic nerve

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43
Q

[Ligaments]

What prevents overextension during standing?

A

Iliofemoral ligament

Inverted Y shape

44
Q

[Ligaments]

What limits extension and abduction at the hip joint

A

Pubofemoral

Triangular shape

45
Q

[Ligaments]

what limits extension at the hip joint?

A

Ishiofemoral

Spiral shaped

46
Q

[Diagnose: Nerve injury]

Waddling gate

A

superior gluteal nerve

47
Q

What muscle is damaged in waddling gate?

A

Weakened gluteus medius

48
Q

Weak Right gluteus medius results to pelvic sagging to the ____

A

unsupported limb

49
Q

[Diagnose: Nerve injury]

Weakness in the ability to laterally rotate and extend the thigh at the hip joint

like climbing stairs or rising from a chair

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

50
Q

[Diagnose: Nerve injury]

IM injection at this site can lead to sciatic nerve damage

A

lower medial quadrant

51
Q

[Diagnose: Nerve injury]

intragluteal injections are done at the

A

superolateral part of the buttock

52
Q

___ syndrome irritates and places pressure on the sciatic nerve causing pain in the buttocks and referring pain along the course of sciatic nerve

A

Piriformis Syndrome

53
Q

___ pain in the lower back and hip radiating down the back of the thigh and leg

A

Sciatica

54
Q

[Diagnose: Nerve injury]

pain and paresthesia in the skin of the medial aspect of the leg and foot. no motor loss.

A

saphenous nerve lesions

55
Q

[Diagnose: Nerve injury]

inability to adduct the thigh at the hip, paresthesia of the medial thigh

A

obturator nerve lesions

56
Q

[gaits and associated pathology]

spastic gait

A

ALS

57
Q

[gaits and associated pathology]

waddling gait

A
  1. superior gluteal nerve injury

2. Duchenne muscular dystrophy

58
Q

[gaits and associated pathology]

Wide-based gait

A

Cerebellar lesion

59
Q

[gaits and associated pathology]

Steppage gait/foot drop

A

common peroneal

60
Q

[gaits and associated pathology]

shuffling gait

A

parkinsons

61
Q

[Femur]

Neck shaft angle > 140deg

A

Coxa Valga

ADduction is limited

62
Q

[Femur]

Neck shaft angle < 135

A

Coxa vara

ABduction is limited

63
Q

[Femur]

what is the major arterial supply of the femoral head?

A

Medial femoral circumflex

64
Q

[Femur]

What is the arterial supply of small branch of the femoral head?

A

Obturator artery

65
Q

[Femur]

Dislocation of the femoral head commonly occur in the __ direction

A

posterior

66
Q

[Leg]

what are the three compartments of the leg

A

Anterior
Lateral
Posterior

67
Q

[Leg]

What is the action of the anterior leg muscles

A
  1. Dorsiflex foot

2. Extend foot

68
Q

[Leg]

what is the nerve supply of the anterior leg muscles?

A

Deep peroneal nerve

69
Q

[Leg]

What are the your anterior leg muscles?

A
  1. Tibialis anterior
  2. Extensor digitorum longus
  3. Extensor hallucis longus
  4. Extensor digitorum brevis
  5. Peroneus tertius
70
Q

[Leg]

What is the action of your lateral leg muscles

A
  1. Eversion

2. Weak plantarflexion

71
Q

[Leg]

What innervates your lateral leg muscles?

A

superficial peroneal nerve

72
Q

[Leg]

What are the components of your lateral leg muscles

A
  1. Peroneus longus

2. Peroneus brevis

73
Q

[Leg]

What is the action of your posterior leg muscles?

A
  1. Plantarflexion

2. Flexion

74
Q

What muscle unlocks the knee

A

Popliteus

75
Q

Muscle that is part of the posterior leg muscle but has no action on the ankle joint

A

Popliteus

76
Q

[Leg]

what innervates your posterior leg muscle?

A

tibial nerve

77
Q

[Leg]

What are the components of your superficial, posterior leg muscle

A
  1. Gastrocnemius
  2. Plantaris
  3. Soleus
78
Q

[Leg]

What are the components of your deep, posterior leg muscle

A
  1. Popliteus
  2. Flexor digitorum longus
  3. Flexor hallucis longus
  4. Tibialis posterior
79
Q

[Leg]

Triceps surae is made of what muscles

A
  1. Gastrocnemius

2. Soleus

80
Q

[Diagnose]

Sudden acute pain at the back of the calf or ankle

snap is heard, patient difficulty walking and standing on TIPTOE

A

Achilles tendon rupture

81
Q

What muscle everts the foot, and plantar flex

A

Peroneus

82
Q

Wha muscle inverts the foot, and plantar flex the foot?

A

tibialis muscle

83
Q

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?

A
  1. Popliteal vessels
  2. Common peroneal N
  3. Posterior cutaneous N
  4. LN
  5. Small saphenous N
  6. Tibial N
  7. Genicular branch of obturator N
84
Q

[Tendon reflexes]

C5

A

Biceps brachii

85
Q

[Tendon reflexes]

C6

A

Brachioradialis

86
Q

[Tendon reflexes]

L4

A

Patellar tendon

87
Q

[Tendon reflexes]

S1

A

Achilles tendon

88
Q

[Blood Vessels of the LE]

What are the branches of your external iliac artery?

A
  1. Inferior epigastric
  2. Deep circumflex
  3. Femoral
89
Q

[Blood Vessels of the LE]

What are the branches of your femoral artery

A
  1. Superficial femoral

2. Deep femoral artery

90
Q

[Landmark of pulses]

What is the landmark to locate the dorsalis pedis pulse?

A

Between the malleoli and 1st intermetatarsal space

91
Q

[Landmark of pulses]

Femoral artery

A

behind the inguinal ligament midway between the ASIS and symphysis pubis

92
Q

[Landmark of pulses]

popliteal artery

A

popliteal space by passively flexing the knee joint

93
Q

[Landmark of pulses]

posterior tibial

A

behind the medial malleolus, between tendons of FDL and FHL/ midway between medial malleolus and heel

94
Q

The great saphenous vein drains to the?

A

Femoral vein

95
Q

The small saphenous vein drains to the

A

Popliteal vein

96
Q

[Cutaneous innervations]

The lateral cutaneous and superficial peroneal originates from the?

A

Common peroneal

97
Q

[Cutaneous innervations]

The saphenous nerve originates from the?

A

femoral nerve

98
Q

[Cutaneous innervations]

What supplies the anteromedial surface of teh leg

A

Saphenour nerve

99
Q

The sural nerve is a branch of?

A

Tibial nerve

100
Q

[Cutaneous innervations]

supplies the skin of the lower part of the posterolateral surface of the leg

A

Sural nerve

101
Q

What nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the leg

A

Deep peroneal

102
Q

What nerve supplies the lateral compartment of the leg

A

superficial peroneal

103
Q

what nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

tibial

104
Q

[Nerve lesion]

Weakness in foot eversion

A

Superficial peroneal/ Fibular nerve lesions

105
Q

[Nerve lesion]

Patient cant stand on tiptoes

A

Tibial nerve lesions

Anatomy (37 decks)

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