Pelvis Flashcards
What are the bones that compose the pelvis?
Hip bones -2
sacrum
coccyx
What are the borders of the pelvic brim
Symphysis pubis - ant
Iliopectineal line - lat
Sacral promontroy - post
What is the purpose of pelvic brim?
Separates the false and true pelvis
What are the borders of of the pelvic inlet?
Symphysis pubis
Iliopectineal line
Sacral promontory
What are the borders of the pelvic outlet?
Pubic arch
Ischial tuberosity
Tip of coccyx
Anatomic feature that makes the pelvis different from the female pelvis?
Rounded obturator foramen
[Male or Female]
shallow, oval inlet, larger outlet
female
[Male or Female]
sacrum is short, wide, flat
pubic arch is wound and wide
female
[Male or Female]
Everted ischial spine
Female
[Male or Female]
Deep pelvis
heart-shaped pelvic inlet, smaller outlet
male
[Male or Female]
sacrum is large, thin, curved
male
[Male or Female]
inverted ischial spiine
male
[Pelvic Inlet]
What are the anatomic landmarks used to measure the true conjugate diameter?
from sacral promontory to the superior margin of the symphysis pubis
[Pelvic Inlet]
What are the anatomic landmarks use to measure the diagonal conjugate
sacral promontory to the INFERIOR margin of the pubic symphysis
[Pelvic Inlet]
What is the normal value of your diagonal conjugate
> 11.5cm
[Pelvic Inlet]
What is the shortest pelvic diameter?
obstetric conjugate
[Pelvic Inlet]
What pelvic diameter is measured during pelvic examination
Diagonal Conjugate diameter
[Pelvic Outlet]
distance between the ischial tuberosities
Transverse diameter
[Pelvic Outlet]
What is distance between ischial spine which can be a barrier to the fetus during NSVD?
<9.5cm
[Type of pelvis]
flat antero-posteriorly
platypelloid
[Type of pelvis]
funnel shaped, contracted outlet
android
[Type of pelvis]
long, narrow, oval shaped
anthropoid
What ligament divides the sciatic notches?
Sacrospinous ligament
What bony landmark separates the greater and lesser notches?
Ischial spine
What foramen provides an exit from the pelvis into the gluteal region
Greater sciatic foramen
Remember, GrEx, LEnt
What foramen provides an entrance into the perineum from the gluteal region
Lesser Sciatic foramen
Remember, GrEx, LEnt
Whet tendon passes through the lesser sciatic foramen?
Tendon of obturator internus
What structure exits the greater sciatic foramen and enters the lesser sciatic foramen?
- Pudendal nerve
- Internal pudendal vesssels
- Nerve to obturator internus
What muscle passes through the greater sciatic foramen?
piriformis
What nerve exits the greater sciatic foramen but does not enter the lesser sciatic foramen?
- Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
- Inferior gluteal nerve
- Superior gluteal nerve
- Sciatic nerve
- Sciatic
What muscles compose the pelvic diaphragm?
- Levator ani
2. Coccygeus muscle
What are the components of the levator ani?
- Pubococcygeus
2. Ileococcygeus
What muscle is weak in prolapsed uterus?
Pubococcygeus
Levator Ani in general
What organ herniates in cystocele?
bladder
Cystocele herniates in which part of vagina?
upper part of the anterior wall of vagina
Rectocele - lower part of the vagina
What structure divides the perineum into genitourinary and anal triangles?
Line from Ischial tuberosities
What are the contents of the urogenital triangle in males?
- Root of scrotum and penis
2. Urogenital passages
What are the contents of the urogenital triangle in females?
- Anal canal
- External anal sphincter
- Superficial/deep transverse perineal muscles
What is the fascia that binds the vascular inidividual erectile tissue of the penis?
Tunica albuginea
What is the fascia that covers all three cylinders of erectile tissue?
Buck’s fascia
The buck’s fascia is a continuation of what fascia?
deep perineal fascia
The deep fascia of the penis is a continuation of the fascia which covers what abdominal muscle?
- External oblique
2. Rectus sheath muscle
The tunica albuginea is ____(dense/elastic) around the corpus spongiosum
Very elastic
The tunica cavernosa is ____(dense/elastic) around the corpus spongiosum
Very dense
what muscle maintaines penile erection?
- Bulbospongiosus
2. Ischocavernosus
The skin of the penis drains to what lymph nodes?
Superficial inguinal
The deep structures of the penis drain to what lymph node?
internal iliac LN
[Name the corresponding abdominal fascia]
External spermatic fascia (ESF)
External abdominal oblique (EAO)
Remember, ESF EAO
[Name the corresponding abdominal fascia]
Cremasteric muscle (CM)
Internal Oblique (IO) Muscle
Remember, IO CM
[Name the corresponding abdominal fascia]
Internal spermatic fascia
Transversalis fascia (TF)
Remember, ISF TF
What abdominal muscle does not continue to the scrotum?
Transversus abdominis
What are the 3 masses of erectile tissue on a female genital organ?
- crura of clitoris
2. TWO corpora cavernosa
What genital erectile tissue that is present in male but not in females?
Corpus spongiousum
What genital erectile tissue is present in both male and female?
Corpora cavernosa
What is the male homologue of corpus cavernosum and corpus spongiosum?
Vestibular bulb
What is the male homologue of bartholin glands?
Cowper glands
What is the male homologue of the skene glands?
Prostate gland
What is the male homologue of the labia minora
ventral shaft of the penis
What is the male homologue of the labia majora?
scrotum
What passes through the pudendal canal?
- Pudendal nerve
2. Pudendal vessels
What are the contents of the superficial perineal space for both male and female?
- Root of penis
- Superficial perineal muscle
- Bulbospongiosus
- Inchiocavernosus
- Perineal branch og the pudendal nerve
What are the contents of the superficial perineal space?
- External genitalia
- Part of the urethra
- Neurovascular structures
The common iliac artery divides at this level?
Sacroiliac joint
The internal iliac artery divides into anterior and posterior division at this anatomic location?
Upper margin of the greater sciatic foramen
What are the branches of the posterior internal iliac artery?
- Iliolumbar
- Lateral sacral
- Superior gluteal
ILS
What are the branches of the anterior internal iliac artery?
Internal pudendal
Inferior gluteal
Inferior vesical
Superior vesical Uterine Middle rectal Obturator Vaginal
III SUMOVo
What branch of the internal iliac artery that supplies the superior part of the urinary bladder?
Superior vesical
What branch of the internal iliac artery that supplies the pelvic muscles and medial compartment of thigh?
Obturator
What branch of the internal iliac artery that supplies the base of the UB, prostate, seminal vesicle, ductus deferens, lower ureter
Inferior vesicle
What branch of the internal iliac artery that supplies the vagina and base of UB?
Vaginal
What branch of the internal iliac artery that supplies the rectum and anal canal?
middle rectal
What branch of the internal iliac artery that supplies the muscles of the anal canal, skin and muscles of perineum
Internal pudendal
What branch of the internal iliac artery that supplies the uterus?
Uterine
What are the branches of the internal pudendal artery?
Inferior rectal perineal Superficial perinea Deep artery of penis/clitoris Dorsal artery of penis and clitoris
What are the branches of the sciatic nerve?
- Common peroneal (Posterior)
2. Tibial (Anterior)
What are the branches of the posterior division of the sacral plexus?
- Superior gluteal
- Inferior gluteal
- Piriforms
- Perforating cutaneous
What are the branches of the anterior division of the sacral plexus?
- Pudendal nerve
- Perineal nerve
- Levator ani and coccygeus nerve
- Obturator internus, Superior gemellus
- Quadratus femoris and gemellus
The pudendal nerve leaves the pelvic cavity via this foramen
Greater sciatic foramen
The pudendal nerve enters the perineum via this foramen
Lesser sciatic foramen
What are the branches of the pudendal nerve?
- Dorsal branch of the penis/clitoris
- Perineal branch
- Inferior rectal branch
The ability to consciously sense the need to urinate is due to what nerve branch?
Deep perineal branch of the pudendal nerve
The ability to be consciously aware of the need to defecate is due to what nerve branch?
Inferior rectal branch of the pudendal nerve