Pharynx and Larynx Flashcards
[Pharynx]
contains the opening of the auditory tube and pharynx
nasopharynx
[Pharynx]
contains the palatine and lingual tonsils
oropharynx
[Pharynx]
opens into the larynx and esophagus
laryngopharynx
also called the hypopharynx
the musculomembranous wall of the pharynx is deficient ___ (anteriorly/posteriorly)
anteriorly
What are the openings of the pharynx?
- Auditory tubes
- Two posterior nares
- Larynx
- Esophagus
What are the “tonsils” present in the pharynx?
- Pharyngeal
- Palatine
- Lingual
- Tubal
What are the locations of the constrictions of the pharynx?
- Superior constrictor
- Middle constrictor
- Inferior constriction
What muscle in the pharynx that act as an inner longitudinal coat of the pharynx?
Stylopharyngeus
[Innervation of the pharynx]
the afferent limb of the GAGA reflex comes from what nerve?
Glossopharyngeal pharyngeal
[Innervation of the pharynx]
the efferent limb of the gag reflex comes from the ____
pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve
The sensory innervation of the mucosa of the upper pharynx
afferent limb, glossopharyngeal nerve
The sensory innervation of the lower pharynx and larynx is the ___
vagus nerve
[Innervation of the pharynx]
the efferent limb of the gag reflex is from the
pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve
[Reflexes]
what is the afferent limb of the pupillary light reflex
CN 2
[Reflexes]
What is the efferent limb of the pupillary light reflex
CN III
[Reflexes]
what is the afferent limb of the corneal reflex?
CN 5
[Reflexes]
what is the efferent limb of the corneal reflex
CN 7
What nerve may be injured during a palatine tonsillectomy?
- Glossopharyngeal nerve
____ is a lymphoid tissue that surrounds the opening of the respiratory and digestive systems
waldeyer ring of lymphoid tissue
[waldeyer ring of lymphoid tissue]
what lymphoid tissue surrounds the openings of the auditory tube
tubal tonsils
[waldeyer ring of lymphoid tissue]
this lymphoid tissue lines the upper midline of the nasopharynx
pharyngeal tonsil (adnoid)
[waldeyer ring of lymphoid tissue]
this lymphoid tissue lines the posterior third of the band
lingual tonsil
the eustachian tonsil is also called
Gerlach’s tonsil
The torus tobarius contains what tonsils
Tubal tonsils
the tonsillar ring is also called the
waldeyers
[Lymph drainage of pharynx]
it drains directly to the ____
deep cervical LN
[Lymph drainage of pharynx]
it drains indirectly to the
retropharyngeal or paratracheal nodes then into the deep cervical nodes
____ is a protective sphincter at the inlet of air passages
Larynx
The larynx lies at the level of what cervical vertebra?
C4-6
The cartilage that forms the laryngeal prominence is the
thyroid cartilage
[Larynx]
What are the unpaired cartilages of the larynx?
- Epiglottis
- Thyoid
- Cricoid
[Larynx]
what are the paired cartilages of the larynx?
- Arytenoid
- Corniculate
- Cuneiform
[Larynx: Cartilage]
signet ring shaped
hyaline cartilage
cricoid
[Larynx: Cartilage]
leaf shaped
elastic cartilage
epiglottis
[Larynx: Cartilage]
largest
thyroid cartilage
[Larynx: Cartilage]
pyramid shape
located at the back of larynx
arytenoid
[Larynx: Cartilage]
small rod shaped
cuneiform
[Larynx: Cartilage]
small conical shape
corniculate
[Larynx: Membranes/Ligament]
connects the upper margin of the thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone; pierced by the superior laryngeal vessels and internal laryngeal nerve
thyrohyoid membrane
[Larynx: Membranes/Ligament]
connects the cricoid to the first ring of trachea
Cricotracheal ligament
[Larynx: Membranes/Ligament]
extends between the epiglottis and the arytenoid cartilages
quadrangular membrane
[Larynx: Membranes/Ligament]
forms the interior of the vestibular folds
quadrangular membrane
[Larynx: Membranes/Ligament]
forms the vocal ligament on each side
cricothyroid ligament
[Larynx: Membranes/Ligament]
the lower margin is attached to the upper border of the cricoid catilage
cricothyroid ligament
The true vocal cord lie superior to the ___
cricoid membrane
What are the layers sliced by the scalpel during cricothyroidectomy
- Skin
- Superficial fascia
- Investing layer of the deep cervical fascia
- Pretracheal fascia
- Larynx
[Laryngeal fold]
___ is mobile, concerned with voice production
vocal fold
[Laryngeal fold]
___ fixed, pink in color, vascular, formed by mucous membrane covering the vestibular ligament
vestibular fold
[Laryngeal fold]
___ formed by the mucus membrane covering the vocal ligament; avascular, white in color
vocal fold/cord
What is the narrowest part of the laryngeal cavity
Rima Glottids
Where can you see the rima glottids?
space between the vocal folds and the arytenoid cartilages
The right recurrent laryngeal nerve loops around___ prior to ascending
right subclavian
the left recurrent laryngeal nerve loops around ___ prior to ascending
arch of the aorta anterior ot the ligamentum arteriosus
What are the branches of the superior laryngeal nerve
- Internal laryngeal nerve
2. External laryngeal nerve
[Branch of the superior laryngeal nerves]
What nerve is sensory above the vocal cord area
Internal laryngeal nerve
[Branch of the superior laryngeal nerves]
what nerve supploes the cricothyoid
External laryngeal nerve
What is the sensory innervation below the vocal cord area
Inferior LN or Recurrent laryngeal nerve
All muscles of phonation are supplied by the recurrent laryngeal nerve except for this part
cricothyroid
What is the chief tensor of the vocal cords?
cricothyroid
What muscle widens the rima glottids
- Posterior cricarytenoid
What muscle stretches and tenses voice
Cricothyroid
Muscle important to allow air passage through the larynx
posterior arytenoids
What cartilage ABducts the vocal cords
posterior cricoarytenoids
wha cartilage ADDucts the vocal cords
lateral cricarytenoid
What muscle ADducts the arytenoid cartilage/OPENING OF RIMA GLOTTIDS
oblique arytenoid muscle
What muscle ADducts the arytenoid cartilage?
Closes the RIMA glottids
transverse arytenoid muscle
The thyroarytenoid ____ the rima glottids
relaxes
What nerve is most associated with the superior thyroid artery?
external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve
inability to produce high-pitched sound is due to a damage in what nerve?
External branch of the superior laryngeal nerve
The recurrent laryngeal nerve is most associated with what artery
Inferior thyroid artery
Damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve acan lead to ___ change in voice
hoarseness/breathiness
monotonous speech is associated with paralysis of what muscle
cricothyroid
loss of taste of the epiglottis is due to a damage in what nerve?
internal laryngeal nerve
[Unilateral/bilateral RLN damage]
voice cords assume a median or paramedian position; doesnt move laterally on deep inspiration
unilateral paralysis
The upper half of the larynx is supplied by the superior laryngeal branch. This is a branch of what artery?
Superior thyroid artery
The lower half of the larynx is supplied by the inferior laryngeal branch of what arrtery?
inferior thyroid artery
The superior laryngeal vein drains to the ____
superior thyroid vein
[Lymph drainage of the larynx]
above the vocal cords
superior deep cervical nodes
[Lymph drainage of the larynx]
below the level of vocal cords
paratracheal or pretracheal node
