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Anatomy > The Great Vessels and Diaphragm > Flashcards

The Great Vessels and Diaphragm Flashcards

1
Q

___ is the most important muscle of respiration

A

diaphragm

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2
Q

Cite the openings of the diaphragm

A

IVC at T8
Esophageal at T10
Aortic at T12

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3
Q

___ part of the diaphragm contains the right crus, left crus and medial arcuate

A

Vertebral part

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4
Q

The diaphragm is innervated by?

A

Phrenic nerve

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5
Q

Cite the muscles used during forced Inspiration

A
  1. External intercostals

2. Accessory Muscles: SCM, serratus anterior, alae nasi, genioglossus, arytenoid

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6
Q

Cite the muscles used during forced expiration

A
  1. Internal Intercostals

2. Abdominal Muscles

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7
Q

What are the branches of the arch of the aorta?

A
  1. Brachiocephalic trunk
  2. Left Common Carotid
  3. Left subclavian
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8
Q

What muscle divides the subclavian artery into 3 parts?

A

scalenus anterior

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9
Q

What are the branches of the first part of the subclavian artery?

A
  1. vertebral
  2. Thyrocervical
  3. Internal thoracic
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10
Q

The vertebral artery passes through the ___ before it ascends to the foramen magnum

A

transverse foramina

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11
Q

The first part of the subclavian artery contains the thyrocervical trunk. What are its branches

A
  1. Inferior thyroid
  2. Superficial cervical
  3. Suprascapular
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12
Q

The second part of the subclavian artery has a branch ____

A

Costocervical

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13
Q

Which part of the subclavian artery lie behind the scalenus anterior?

A

second part

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14
Q

The third part of the subclavian artery lies behind the

A

first rib

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15
Q

What are the unpaired branches of the thoracic descending aorta?

A
  1. Bronchial
  2. Pericardial
  3. Esophageal
  4. Mediastinal
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16
Q

What are the paired branches of the thoracic descending aorta?

A
  1. Posterior intercostal

2. Superior phrenic

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17
Q

What are the unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta

A
  1. Celiac trunk
  2. Superior mesenteric
  3. Inferior mesenteric
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18
Q

What are the paired branches of the abdominal descending aorta?

A
  1. Inferior phrenic
  2. Adrenal
  3. Renal
  4. Gonadal
  5. Lumbar
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19
Q

The celiac trunk arises at the level of what thoracic vertebra?

A

T12

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20
Q

The inferior mesenteric artery arises at the level of what thoracic vertebra?

A

L4

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21
Q

The renal artery arises at the level of what vertebra?

A

L1

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22
Q

The aorta pierces the diaphragm at the level of what thoracic vertebra?

A

T12

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23
Q

The arch of the aorta preferentially arches upward, backward and to the ___ (left or right)

24
Q

What is the most common form of CoA?

A

Post ductal CoA = distal arteriosus

25
Q

What is the marker to say that the CoA is postductal or preductal?

A

ductus arteriosus

26
Q

What is the infantile form of CoA?

A

Preductal = proximal to the ductus ateriosus

27
Q

The IJV is a continuation of the ___ of the brain

A

Sigmoid Sinus

28
Q

The IJV descends through the neck in the ___ sheath

A

carotid sheath

29
Q

The IJV ___ (medial/lateral) to the vagus and common carotid artery

30
Q

What are the tributaries of the IJV?

A
  1. Lingual
  2. Inferior petrosal sinus
  3. Pharyngeal
  4. Superior thyroid
  5. Facial
  6. Middle thyroid

LIPS For Men

31
Q

The phrenic nerve lies ___ (in front/behind) the subclavian vein

32
Q

What are the tributaries of the SVC?

A
  1. Right brachiocephalic

2. Left brachiocephalic

33
Q

What are the tributaries of the Right brachiocephalic vein?

A
  1. IJV

2. R subclavian

34
Q

In anterior approach of Central venous catheter insertion, the catheter is inserted between what surface markers?

A

Apex of the triangle formed by the SCM and R clavicle

35
Q

In infraclavicular approach of Central venous catheter insertion, the catheter is inserted between what surface markers?

A

below the clavicle lateral to the thumb on the right side.

The thumb is placed in the intersection of the clavicle and first rib

36
Q

In central venous catheter insertion, the needle pierces through what layers?

A
  1. Skin
  2. Superficial fascia
  3. Pectoralis major
  4. Clavipectoral fascia
  5. Subclavius muscle
  6. Wall of subclavian vein
37
Q

in central venous catheter, what structures are vulnerable to needle puncture?

A
  1. Clavicle
  2. First rib
  3. Subclavian artery
  4. Phrenic nerve
38
Q

Within the carotid sheath, the IJV is ___ to the CCA (medial/later;)

39
Q

The right and left brachiocephalic vein unite at this level to form the SVC

A

Inferior border of the 1st right costal cartilage

40
Q

The union of the right and left brachiocephalic veins ends at the level of the ___ to enter the R atrium

A

3rd right costal cartilage

41
Q

What vein connects the SVC from the IVC?

A

Aygous veins

42
Q

What are the tributaries of the azygous vein

A
  1. Right ascending lumbar

2. Right Subcostal

43
Q

The azygous vein ascends through the aortic opening at the level of

44
Q

The hemiazygous is formed by what veins

A
  1. Left ascending lumbar

2. Left subcostal

45
Q

With respect to the aorta, the azygous vein lies on its ___ (right/left) side

46
Q

In SVC syndrome from bronchogenic CA, this vein can be used as an alternative

A

Azygous vein

47
Q

[Diaphragm]

the phrenic nerve arises from what cervical nerves?

48
Q

[Diaphragm]

the aortic opening transmits

A
  1. Aorta
  2. Thoracic duct
  3. Azygous
49
Q

[Diaphragm]

the caval opening transmits

A
  1. IVC

2. Phrenic nerve, right terminal branches

50
Q

[Diaphragm]

the esophageal opening transmits

A
  1. Esophagus
  2. Vagus (right and left)
  3. Gastric vessels, lef, branch to esophagus
  4. Lymphatics from the lower 1/3 of esophagus
51
Q

[Diaphragm]

the right crura arises from ___

A

Sides of T1 to T3

52
Q

[Diaphragm]

the left crura arises from the ___

A

body of L1 and L2

53
Q

[Diaphragm]

the medial arcuate arises from the

A

side of L2 to the transverse process of L1

54
Q

[Diaphragm]

the lateral arcuate arises from the

A

transverse process of L1 to T12

55
Q

The right lymphatic duct drains what structures?

A
  1. Right side of the head and neck
  2. Right side of the thorax
  3. Right upper limb
56
Q

The thoracic duct drains to the ___

A

left subclavian vein

57
Q

The right lymphatic duct drains to the

A

right subclavian vein

Anatomy (37 decks)

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