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Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

The transtubercular like is at the level of what lumbar vertebra?

A

L5

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2
Q

The subcostal plane is at the level of what rib

A

10th rib

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3
Q

The subcostal plane corresponds to what lumbar vertebra

A

L3

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4
Q

The interspinous plane is an imaginary line from what surface landmarks?

A

ASIS

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5
Q

What are the fascias of the anterior abdominal wall

A
  1. Superficial fascia

2. Deep fascia

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6
Q

What are the layers of the superficial fascia of the anterior abdominal wall

A
  1. Campers fascia
  2. Scarpas fascia

Remember: Fatty Camper traversing a SCAry PArk (scarpa_

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7
Q

The campers fascia is connected to what fasci of the thigh?

A

Superficial fascia

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8
Q

The campers facia is connected to what fascia in the perineum?

A

Superficial fascia of the perineal fascia

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9
Q

What fascia covers the muscles of the abdomen

A

deep fascia

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10
Q

The deep fascia continues as what in the spermatic cord

A

external spermatic fascia

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11
Q

The deep fascia continues as what in the penis

A

As deep fascia or bucks fascia

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12
Q

What is the most superficial muscle of the abdomen?

A

External oblique

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13
Q

The inferior margin of the external oblique muscle forms what ligament?

A

inguinal ligament

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14
Q

What muscles interdigitate in the external oblique muscle of the abdomen?

A

Serratus anterior and latissimus dorsi

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15
Q

The external oblique muscle fibers is directed

A

Obliquely downward and medially

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16
Q

An anterior abdominal wall muscle that is part of the conjoint tendon

A
  1. internal oblique

2. transversus abdominis

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17
Q

What is the direction of the muscle fibers of the internal oblique muscle

A

upward and medial

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18
Q

What forms the conjoint tendon of the abdomen

A
  1. Aponeurotic fibers of internal iblique

2. Transversus abdominis

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19
Q

The aponeurosis of the rectus sheath comes from what muscles

A

internal oblique

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20
Q

what is the innermost muscle of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Transversus abdominis

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21
Q

the convex lateral border of the rectus abdominis is called

A

line semilunaris

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22
Q

What is the action of the pyramidalis?

A

tenses the linea alba

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23
Q

___ is a crescent shaped line marking the inferior limit of the posterior layer of the rectus sheath

A

arcuate line

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24
Q

The linea SEMICIRCULARIS is also called the ____

A

arcuate line

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25
Q

The arcuate line is see between what surface markers?

A

midway between the

  1. Umbilicus
  2. Pubic crest
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26
Q

If you stab a patient lateral to the rectus abdominis (above the arcuate line), what layers of the skin are affected?

A

[Anterior to posterior]

  1. Skin
  2. Subcutaneous tissue
  3. EO fascia
  4. IO fascia
  5. TA fascia
  6. Transversalis fascia
  7. Extraperitoneal fascia
  8. peritoneum
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27
Q

If you stab a patient directly over the rectus abdominis (above the arcuate line) muscle, what layers are traversed by the ice pic?

A
  1. Skin
  2. Subcutaneous tissue
  3. Anterior rectus sheath
  4. Rectus abdominis
  5. Posterior rectus sheath
  6. Extraperitoneal fascia
  7. Peritoneum
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28
Q

The anterior rectus sheath is composed of what fascia

A
  1. EO

2. IO

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29
Q

The posterior rectus sheath is composed of what fascia

A
  1. TA

2. Transversalis fascia

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30
Q

If you stab a patient below the arcuate line just lateral to the rectus abdominis muscle, what layers are traversed by the knife?

A
  1. Skin
  2. Subcutaneous fascia
  3. EO
  4. IO
  5. TA
  6. TF
  7. Extraperitoneal fascia
  8. Peritoneum

NO POSTERIO SHEATH

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31
Q

If you stab a patient below the arcuate line directly over the rectus abdominis muscle, what layers are traversed by the knife?

A
  1. Skin
  2. Subcutaneous tissue
  3. Anterior layer of rectus sheath
  4. Rectus abdomins muscle
  5. Transversalis fascia
  6. Extraperitoneal fascia
  7. Peritoneum
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32
Q

What are the layers of the anterior rectus sheath found below the arcuate line

A
  1. EO
  2. IO
  3. TA
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33
Q

the linea alba extends from the xyphoid process to the ___

A

pubic symphysis

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34
Q

The linea alba is the fusion of what aponeurosis

A
  1. External oblique
  2. Internal oblique
  3. Transversus abdominis
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35
Q

What are the blood supply of the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall?

A
  1. Superior epigastric
  2. Inferior epigastric
  3. Deep Circumflex
  4. Superficial epigastric
  5. Superficial cicumflex Iliac
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36
Q

The superior epigastric artery is a branch of the

A

Internal Thoracic artery

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37
Q

the inferior epigastric artery is a branch of

A

External iliac artery

38
Q

the SUPERFICIAL circumflex iliac artery is a brach of

A

the femoral artery

39
Q

The deep circumflex iliac is a branch of

A

external iliac artery

40
Q

What are the nerve supply of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

ventral rami of the lower six thoracic nerves and first lumbar nerve

41
Q

[Lymphatic Drainage]

if above the umbilicus

A

drain into axillary LN

42
Q

[Lymphatic Drainage]

if below the umbilicus

A

drain into the superficial inguinal nodes

43
Q

The inguinal region extends between the ___ and ___-

A

ASIS and Pubic tubercle

44
Q

What are the boundaries of Inguinal Triangle

A
  1. Inferior epigastric artery
  2. Inguinal ligament
  3. Rectus abdominis
45
Q

The poupart ligament is also called the

A

inguinal ligament

46
Q

What is the length of the inguinal canal?

47
Q

What lies immediately above the inguinal ligament

A

Inguinal canal

48
Q

The deep ring of the inguinal canal is a hole from what ring?

A

Transversalis fascia

49
Q

The superficial inguinal ring of the inguinal canal is composed of what fascia?

A

external oblique aponeurosis

50
Q

What nerve passes through the inguinal canal

A

ilioinguinal nerve

51
Q

What ligaments pass through the inguinal canal?

A

Spermatic cord for males

Round ligament for females

52
Q

What are the content of the spermatic cord?

A

3 arteries - testicular, cremasteric, artery of vas

2 Nerves - autonomic, genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve

2 others - vas deferens, processus vaginalis

1 vein - testicular vein

1 lymphatic vessel - testicular lymph vessel

53
Q

The cremasteric reflex utilizes what nerve

A

L1 spinal nerve

54
Q

Skin on the superior and medial thigh is supplied by the ____

A

gemoral branch of the genitofemiral nerve

55
Q

what nerve supplies the cremaster muscle

A

genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve

56
Q

What are the layers of the peritoneum

A
  1. Parietal

2. Visceral

57
Q

What nerve supplies the parietal peritoneum in the pelvis

A

obturator nerve

58
Q

[Parietal/visceral]

sensitive to pressure, pain, heat, cold

pain is localized

59
Q

[Parietal/visceral]

insensitive to touch, heat, cold

pain is poorly localized

60
Q

[Parietal/visceral]

innervated by autonomics

61
Q

What are your retroperitoneal organs?

A
  1. Pancreas
  2. Ureter
  3. Kidney
  4. IVC
  5. Duodenum
  6. Ascending colon
  7. Descending colon
  8. Abdominal aorta
62
Q

What are your primary retroperitoneal organs?

A 
Primary = not GIT
Kidney
ureter
urinary bladder
uterus
fallopian tube
aorta
IVC
suprarenal glands
63
Q

What are your secondary retroperitoneal organs?

A

Secondary = GIT

  1. Duodenum (second to fourth)
  2. Pancreas
  3. Ascending/Descending colon
  4. Middle rectum
64
Q

Part of the rectum that is peritoneal

A

superior rectum

65
Q

which part of the duodenum is retroperitoneal

A

2nd and rd part

66
Q

____ is a cavity within the abdominal cavity that has no organs

A

peritoneal caivty

67
Q

The peritoneal cavity is connected to the exterior of the body namely:

A
  1. Uterine tubes
  2. Uterine cavity
  3. Vaina
68
Q

The lesser sac lies to ___ (organs)

A
  1. posterior to the stomach and lesser omentum
69
Q

What are the boundaries of the foramen of winslow?

A

A: hepatoduodenal ligament, portal vein, hepatic artery, bile duct

P: IVC

S: caudate lobe of liver

I: inferior part of the duodenum

70
Q

How many layers of mesentery are there

71
Q

___ are extensions of the visceral peritoneum

72
Q

What connects the stomach to other viscera?

73
Q

How many layers does an omentum have?

74
Q

referred to as abdominal policement

A

greater omentum

75
Q

What are the parts of the greater omentum

A
  1. Gastrophrenic
  2. Gastrosplenic
  3. Gastrocolic
76
Q

[Peritoneal recess]

has 4 pouches

A

duodenal recess

77
Q

[Peritoneal recess]

has 3 peritoneal recesses

78
Q

[Peritoneal recess]

provide channels for the movement of infection in the peritoneal fluid

A

paracolic gutter

79
Q

[Peritoneal recess]

provide site for accumulation of pus, seen between the diaphragm and the liver

A

subphrenic spaces

80
Q

The greater omentum connects the greater curvature of the stomach and the ___

A

proximal part of the duodenum

81
Q

The lesser omentum connects the lesser curvature of the stomach and the

A

duodenum and proximal part of the liver

82
Q

The lesser omentum has 2 ligaments namely

A
  1. Hepatoduodenal

2. Hepatogastric

83
Q

What ligament conducts the portal traid

A

Hepatoduodenal ligament

84
Q

What are the 2 recommended areas for paracentesis

A
  1. 2 cm below the umbilicus, midline

2. 3-4cm superior and medial to the anterior superior iliac spines

85
Q

What are the layers pierced by the needle during umbilical paracentesis

A
  1. Skin
  2. Superficial fascia
  3. Deep faschia
  4. Linea alba
  5. transversalis fascia
  6. Extraperitoneal fat
  7. parietal peritoneum
86
Q

What are the layers pierced by the needle during lateral approach paracentesis

A
  1. Skin
  2. Superficial fascia
  3. External oblique
  4. Internal oblique
  5. Transversus abdominis
  6. Transversalis fascia
  7. Extraperitoneal fat
  8. Parietal peritoneum
87
Q

[Lymph Drainage]

the foregut derivatives drain to what lymph node

88
Q

[Lymph Drainage]

the midgut derivatives drain to what lymph node

A

superior mesenteric LN

89
Q

[Lymph Drainage]

the hindgut derivatives drain to what lymph nodes

A

inferior mesenteric LN

90
Q

[Lymph Drainage]

what are the pre-arotic lymph nodes

A
  1. Celiac
  2. Superior mesenteric
  3. Inferior mesenteric

Anatomy (37 decks)

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