Nervous System Flashcards
What are your unpaired cranial bones?
Frontal
Occipital
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
What are your unpaired facial bones?
Vomer
Mandible
[Junctions of the skull]
Frontal + temporal + parietal + greater wing of sphenoid
Pterion
[Junctions of the skull]
parietomastoid + occipitomastoid + lamboid
Asterion
[Junctions of the skull]
coronal + saggital suture
Bregma
[Junctions of the skull]
labdoid + saggital suture
Lambda
The anterior fontanelle is the future site of
Bregma
close by 18 months
The posterior fontanelle is the future site of
lamda
close during the first few months after birth
Hematoma in the temple is most likely due to a tear of
MMA
can cause epidural hematoma
The middle meningeal artery is a branch of the
maxillary of external carotid artery
[Where is the fracture]
blood or CSF to escape from the ear, hearing loss and facial nerve damage
Fracture of the petrous portion of the temporal bone
[Where is the fracture]
anosmia, periorbital bruising/raccoon eye and CSF leakage from the nose/rhinorrhea
Anterior cranial fossa
What are the contents of the petrous portion of the temporal bone
- Vestibulocochlear organ
- ICA
- Petrosal sinus
- Branch of CN VII, VIII, IX, X, XII
- petrosal and sigmoid sinus
What houses the anterior cranial fossa?
- Cribiform plate of the ethmoid
2. CN 1
What are the layers of the scalp?
Skin Connective Aponeurosis Loose connective tissue Pericranium/Periosteum
What are the three primary bran vesicles?
- Prosencephalon/Fore brain
- Midbrain/Mesencephalon
- Hindbrain/Rhombencephalon
Remember, P comes first with R, F comes first with H.
What are your secondary brain vesicles?
Remember, TD MsMtMe
- Telencephalon
- Diencephalon
- Mesencephalon
- Metencephalon
- Myelencephapon
What are your adult brain structures?
Remember:
- Cerebrum
- Diencephalon
- Midbrain
- SC
What are the components of your cerebral hemisphere?
- Cortex
- White matter
- Basal nuclei
What are the components of your diencephalon?
- Thalamus
- Hypothalamus
- Epithalamus
- Retina
What are the adult structures of your Metencephalon?
- Pons
2. Cerebellum
What are your neural crest derivative?
- Pigment cells of retina
- Cells of the adrenal medulla
- Meninges
- Neurolemnal sheath of peripheral nerve
- Sensory ganglia of cranial and spinal nerves
Absence of neural crest cell migration in Hirschsprung disease is due to ___
RET mutation
What are the three protective membranes of the brain and spinal cord?
- Dura Mater
- Arachnoid mater
- Pia mater
What is the inner surface of skull bones?
Endosteal layer
What separates the endosteal layer and meningeal layer?
Venous sinus
What are the septa that divide the cranial cavity into freely communicating spaces?
- Falx cerebri - sickle shaped
- Tentorium cerebelli - crescent shaped
- Falk cerebelli - small, sickle shaped
- Diaphragma sella - circular
The dura mater receives its sensory nerve supply from the
- C1 to C3
2. Trigeminal nerve
Referred headache and face is related to what nerve supplying the dura above the tentorium
Trigeminal nerve
Headache referred to the back of the head
Cervical nerves
___ lines the pia mater and dura mater
arachnoid mater
what is the potential space between arachnoid mater and dura mater?
Subdural space
Remember:
What is the potential space between the pia mater and he arachnoid mater?
Subarachnoid space
Remember: Ara is on top of Pia
What covers the gyri of the brain?
pia mater
composed of mesothelial cells
Wha is the functional classification of the cerebrum?
Brodmann classification
BA 44, 45
Broca = frontal = motor
Bro youre 44, were 22
BA 22
Wernicke = temporal = sensory
Bro your 44, were 22
[Brodmann classification]
pre-central gyrus
Primary Motor area = BA 4
[Brodmann classification]
somatosensory area
Post central gyrus
BA 312
[Brodmann classification]
primary visual area
BA 17
[Brodmann classification]
priamry auditory area
BA 41, 42
[Wernicke/Broca]
cannot comprehend
can speak nonsensical senstences
Wernicke = word salad
[Wernicke/Broca]
can comprehend
difficulty putting words together
Broca = broken speech
[Stroke presentation]
LE > UE weakness
contralateral paralysis
contralateral sensory loss
Anterior cerebral
[Stroke presentation]
UE > LE weakness
Contralateral paralysis of face, UE
Contralateral sensory loss of face and UE
MCA
[Stroke presentation]
contralateral hemianopia, with macular sparing
Posterior CA
[UMNL vs UMNL]
spastic paralysis, increased muscle tone, hyperreflexia, positive babinski, positive clonus, no atrophy
UMNL
[Thalamic nuclei]
Emotions
Anterior/Dorsomedial
[Thalamic nuclei]
sensory
VPL/VPM