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Anatomy > Kidney, Adrenals, ureters > Flashcards

Kidney, Adrenals, ureters Flashcards

1
Q

The kidney lies at this vertebral level

A

T12 to L3

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2
Q

What muscle is in close relation with the kidney?

A

psoas major

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3
Q

What are the coverings of the kidney

A
  1. Perirenal fat
  2. Renal fascia/gerota
  3. Pararenal fat
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4
Q

what are the structures that leave at the renal hilum?

A
  1. Renal vein - anterior
  2. Renal artery
  3. Renal pelvis - posterior
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5
Q

What are the anterior borders of the right kidney?

A
  1. Suprarenal gland
  2. Liver
  3. Duodenum second part
  4. Right colic flexure
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6
Q

What is the anterior border of the left kidney?

A 
1. Suprarenal gland
2 Spleen
3. Pancreas
4. Stomach
5. Left colic flexure
6. Jejunum
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7
Q

The hilum of the left kidney is at the level of what vertebra?

A

L1

Ribs 11 and 12 posteriorly

150 grams

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8
Q

The hilum of the right kidney is at the level of what vertebra?

A

L1 and L2

Rib 12 posteriorly

140grams

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9
Q

The true renal capsule is composed of ___

A

Fibrous capsule

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10
Q

The fat covering the fibrous capsule is the _____

A

perirenal fat

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11
Q

___ fascia is the areolar tissue outside the perirenal fat; encloses the suprarenal glands

A

Renal fascia/gerotas fascia

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12
Q

__ fascia is external to the renal fascia, forms part of the retroperitoneal fat

A

Pararenal fat

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13
Q

[Outer Cortex/Inner medulla]

Forms the outer part of the kidney; projects into the medullary region between the renal pyramids

A

outer cortex

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14
Q

The renal corpuscles, PCT and DCT are seen in this part of the kidney _____

A

outer cortex

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15
Q

This part of the kidney contains the loop of henle and the collecting tubes

A

inner medulla

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16
Q

Part of the kidney consists of 8 to 12 renal pyramids

A

inner medulla

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17
Q

How many renal pyramids are there?

A

12

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18
Q

the renal pelvis is divided into how many major calyces?

A

2 to 3

Then divided into 2 to 3 minor calyces

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19
Q

The renal artery arises from the aorta at the level of?

A

L2

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20
Q

The Renal vein drains to the ____

A

IVC

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21
Q

The kidney drains to what LN

A

Lateral aortic or Paraaortic

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22
Q

What is the communication between two interlobar arteries?

A

Arcuate arteries

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23
Q

Compression of the left renal vein can be due to an aneurysm of what artery?

A

SMA

Left renal vein is between the abdominal aorta and the SMA

Nutcracker syndrome

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24
Q

[Renal transplant]

the renal artery is anastomosed to ____

A

internal iliac artery

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25
Q

[Renal transplant]

the renal vein is anastomosed to ____

A

external iliac vein

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26
Q

What are the 3 zones of the adrenal cortex?

A
  1. Glomerulosa - aldosterone
  2. Fasciculata - cortisol
  3. Reticularis - androgens
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27
Q

What is secreted in the adrenal emdulla?

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

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28
Q

[Right or left adrenal gland]

triangular

A

right

tRIGHTangular

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29
Q

[Right or left adrenal gland]

crescent shape

A

left = lunar = crescent

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30
Q

What is the embryologic origin of the adrenal cortex

A

mesoderm

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31
Q

What is the embryologic origin of the adrenal medula?

A

neural crest

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32
Q

The superior adrenal artery is a branch of?

A

Inferior phrenic

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33
Q

The middle adrenal artery is a branch of

A

Abdominal aorta

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34
Q

The inferior adrenal artery is a branch of

A

renal artery

35
Q

The right adrenal vain drains to ___

A

IVC

36
Q

The left renal vein drains to ____

A

Left renal vein then to the IVC

37
Q

The adrenal gland lies at the level of what vertebra?

A

T12 to L1

38
Q

[Diagnosis]

increased pigmentation
muscular weakness
Weight loss
hypotension

A

addison disease

due to adrenocortical insufficiency

39
Q

[Diagnosis]

Moon-shaped facies
Truncal obesity
Hirsutism
Hypertension

A

Cushing syndrome due to cortical hyperplasia due to adenoma or carcinoma of the cortex

40
Q

[Ureters]

Enters the pelvis at the ___

A

bifurcation of common iliac arteries in front of the sacroiliac joint

41
Q

In males, the ureter enters the lateral angle of the bladder and is crossed by ___

A

vas deferens

42
Q

What is the direction of the ureter as it enters the bladder of the female?

A

Turns forward, medially beneath the broad ligament

43
Q

In females, what crosses the ureter as it pierce the bladder

A

uterine artery

Uterine artery is avoe the ureter

44
Q

What are the posterior border of the ureter?

A
  1. R/L psoas

2. Bifurcation of R /L common iliac arteryu

45
Q

What are the 3 constrictions of the ureter?

A
  1. Renal pelvis joins the ureter
  2. Pelvic brim and the external iliac artery
  3. As it pierce the bladder wall
46
Q

The upper 1/3 of the ureter is supplied by what artery?

A

Renal artery

47
Q

The middle third of the ureter is supplied by what artery?

A

Gonadal artery

48
Q

The lower third of the artery is supplied by?

A

superior vesical artery

49
Q

In relation to the major blood supply, the ureter lies ____ (medial/lateral) at the level of the abdomen

A

Lateral

50
Q

In relation to the major blood supply, the ureter lies ____ (medial/lateral) at the level of the pelvis

A

medial

51
Q

Renal colic pain is referred to what dermatomes?

A

T11 through L2

it is supplied by the renal plexus, testicular/ovarial plexus, hypogastric plexus

52
Q

What is the size of ureteral stones wherein pain can be felt

A

> 3mm

or a sharp stone

53
Q

Trace the pelvic course of the ureter in males

A
  1. Enters the pelvis by crossing the bifurcation of the lateral wall
  2. In front of the Internal Iliac artery to the
  3. Ischial spine. then turn forward to enter the lateral angle of the bladder
  4. Crossed by Vas deferens near its termination
54
Q

Trace the course of the ureter at the level of the pelvis in emales

A
  1. Cross the pelvic inlet in front of the common iliac artery
  2. runs downward and backward INF FRONT of the internal iliac artery until the ischial spine
  3. Turns forward and medially beneath the broad ligament
  4. Forward and lateral to vagina to enter the bladder
55
Q

In oophrectomy, the ureter lies ____ (lateral/medial) to the ovarian vessels

A

medial

56
Q

In vaginal hysterectomy, the ureter is ___ (lateral/medial) to the cervix

A

Lateral

57
Q

The common iliac artery bifurcates in to external and internal iliac in this anatomic landmark

A

inguinal ligament

58
Q

The common iliac arteries arise at the level of ___ vertebra

A

L4

59
Q

What is the maximum capacity of the urinary bladder?

A

500mL

60
Q

What ligament connects the apex of the bladder to the umbilicus

A

mediaN umbilical ligament

61
Q

the base of the urinary bladder has a ___ shape

A

triangular

62
Q

What ligaments hold the neck of the bladder

A
  1. Puboprostatic ligament (males)

2. Pubovesical ligaments (females)

63
Q

Which part of the bladder is covered with perotoneum?

A

superior

64
Q

What are the openings of the trigone?

A
  1. Two from the ureters

2. On to the urethra

65
Q

What are the true ligaments of the bladder

A
  1. Pubovesical/ Puboprostatic

2. Rectovesical

66
Q

What ligament holds the bladder to the sides of the rectum and sacrum

A

Rectovesical

67
Q

What are the false ligaments of the urinary bladder?

A
  1. Medial Umbilical (umbilical artery)

2. MediaN umbilical (urachus)

68
Q

The inferior vesical artery is from the ___

A

internal iliac

69
Q

What is the sympathetic innervation of the bladder?

A

upper lumbar nerve through the hypogastric plexus

70
Q

What is the action of the sympathetic nerves on the bladder?

A
  1. Inhibit detrusor muscle

2. Stimulate closure of sphincter vesicae

71
Q

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the bladder?

A

pelvic splanchnic from the 2nd, 3rd, 4th sacral nerves

72
Q

What is the action of the parasympathetic nerve on the bladder

A
  1. Contraction of detrusor muscle
  2. Relax the sphincter vesical

to empty the bladder

73
Q

[Embryology of ureter]

What are the derivatives of the Metanephric Diverticulum/ Ureteric bud?

A
  1. Ureter
  2. Renal Pelvis
  3. Renal calyces
  4. Collecting tubules
74
Q

[Embryology of ureter]

What are the derivates of the metanephric TUBULE?

A
  1. Nephron (renal corpuscle, PCT, Loop of Henle, DCT
75
Q

The vesical part of the urinary bladder is part of the ____

A

Urogenital Sinus

76
Q

The vesical part of the urogenital sinus gives rise to ___

A

Urinary bladder

77
Q

The pelvic part of the urogenital sinus gives rise to ___

A
  1. Urethra in the bladder neck
  2. Prostatic and membranous parts in males
  3. Entire part in females + Lower part of the vagina
78
Q

The phallic part of the urogenital sinus fives rise to

A

Genital tubercle

79
Q

The widest and most dilatable part of the urethra?

A

Prostatic urethra

80
Q

The ejaculatory ducts open into __

A

prostatic urethra

81
Q

The narrowest and least distensible part of the urethra is the ___

A

intermediate (membranous) urethra

82
Q

The longest and most mobile part of the urethra

A

Spongy urethra

83
Q

___ fascia encloses the three erectile tissue in body of penis

A

Buck’s Fascia

Anatomy (37 decks)

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