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Anatomy > Heart and Pericardium > Flashcards

Heart and Pericardium Flashcards

1
Q

Lub sound is caused by?

A

closure of TV and MV

Dub - closure of AV and PV

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2
Q

The orientation the apex of the heart is?

A

downward, forward, left at 5th ICS, 9cm from the midline

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3
Q

Remnants of the heart and their adult counterpart (3)

A

Foramen Ovale = Fossa Ovalis
Ductus arteriosis = Ligamentum arteriosus
Ductus Venosus = ligamentum venosus

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4
Q

The pulmonary valve has two anterior cusps and one posterior cusp. The aortic valve on the other hand has?

A

one anterior cusp, 2 posterior cusp

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5
Q

True or false The left ventricle has moderator band?

A

False. The left ventricle has NO moderator band.

The right ventricle has moderator band.

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6
Q

Trace the flow of the blood from the liver

A

Liver –> IVC –> RA –>TV–> RV –> PV –>LA –>MV –>LV –> AV –> aorta

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7
Q

___ coronary artery arises from the anterior aortic sinus of the ascending aorta

A

RCA

LCA - from posterior aortic sinus

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8
Q

____ drains blood from the cardiac vein directly the RA

A

coronary sinus

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9
Q

____ is composed of papillary muscle and moderator band (cite location)

A

Trabeculae carnae, RV

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10
Q

The pericardium encloses what structures

A
  1. Heart

2. Roots of the greatevessels

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11
Q

What is the function of the fibrous pericardium?

A

It limits unecessary movement of the hear

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12
Q

What ligament attaches the fibrous pericardium to the sternum

A

Sternopericardial ligament

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13
Q

Normal mL of pericardial fluid

A

30mL

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14
Q

Where will you insert the needle when you do a pericardiocentesis

A

Left 5th or 6ths ICS near the sternum

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15
Q

What are the layers pierced by the needle during pericardiocentesis?

A
  1. Skin
  2. Subcutaneous fascia
  3. Rectus sheath
  4. Rectus abdominis
  5. Fibrous layer
  6. Serous layer
  7. Parietal pericardium
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16
Q

What is the direction of the heart apex

A

downward, forward, left

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17
Q

[Surface Anatomy]

the heart apex is located

A

5th ICS LMCL 9am from midline

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18
Q

The base of the heart is composed largely of what chamber?

A

LA

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19
Q

The apex of the heart is composed largely of what chamber?

A

LV

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20
Q

____ external vertical groove that forms

A

sulcus terminali

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21
Q

____ junction of the sinus venosus and RA proper

A

crista terminalis

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22
Q

____ posterior to the crista terminalis that is a smooth portion

A

sinus venarum

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23
Q

what makes the RA rough?

A

musculi pectini

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24
Q

This heart chamber houses the moderator band

A

RV

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25
Q

the moderator band in the RV is attached to what walls of the heart

A

septal and anterior

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26
Q

trabeculae carnae is seen in what heart chamber?

A

RV

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27
Q

the cusps of the aortic valve are placed where?

A

1 anteriorly
2 posteriorly

1,2 Aortic

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28
Q

The anterior sinus of the aortic valve gives rise to ____

A

Right coronary artery

Remember: Left Coronary artery = Likod = Posterior

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29
Q

What valve is attached to the chordae tendinae

A

Tricuspid

Mitral

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30
Q

The cusps of the tricuspid valve are arranged ___

A

anterior
septal
inferior

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31
Q

The cusps of the pulmonic valve is arranged:

A

2 anterior
1 posterior

2,1 pulmonic

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32
Q

[Surface anatomy]

the tricuspid valve can be heart at

A

lower end of sternum

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33
Q

[Surface anatomy]

the mitral valve is best heard ata

A

5th ICS LMCL

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34
Q

The pulmonic valve is best heard at?

A

2nd L ICS

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35
Q

The aortic valve is best heard at

A

2nd R ICS

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36
Q

Physiologic closing is due to ____

A

delayed closure of pulmonic valve on inspiration

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37
Q

S3 is normal in ___

A

children

38
Q

What arterial branch supplies the apex of the heart

A

LAD

39
Q

What artery supplies the left atrium and ventricle?

A

circumflex branch of the left coronary artery

40
Q

What artery supplies the interventricular septum?

A

Anterior interventricular artery of the left coronary

41
Q

What artery supplies the right ventricle?

A
  1. Anterior interventricular artery

2. Marginal branch of right coronary

42
Q

What artery supplies the right atrium?

A

right coronary arter

43
Q

What is the blood supply of the SA?

A

RCA (60%)

44
Q

What is the parasympathetic supply of the heart?

A

vagus nerve

45
Q

The RCA drains to what LN?

A

Anterior mediastinal

46
Q

The LCA drains to when LN?

A

tracheobronchial node

47
Q

The AV node is located near ____

A

coronary sinus

48
Q

[Placement of ECG leads]

V1 lead

A

4th ICS, right of sternum

49
Q

[Placement of ECG leads]

V4

A

5th ICS LMCL

50
Q

[Placement of ECG leads]

V5

A

5th ICS LAAL

51
Q

[Placement of ECG leads]

V6

A

5th ICS LMAL

52
Q

[Coronary Arteries and infarct location with ECG]

I
AVL
V1-V6

A

Proximal LAD, large anterior wall

53
Q

[Coronary Arteries and infarct location with ECG]

V2-V4

A

Anteroapical, Distal LAD

54
Q

[Coronary Arteries and infarct location with ECG]

II, III, aVF

A

Inferior wall, distal LAD

55
Q

[Coronary Arteries and infarct location with ECG]

V1-V3

A

Anteroseptal, distal LAD

56
Q

[Coronary Arteries and infarct location with ECG]

V4-V6

A

Posterolatera, circumflex

57
Q

The musculi pectini is seen on the __ (anterior/posterior) side of the RA

A

anterior

58
Q

The sinus venarum is seen on the __ (anterior/posterior) side of the RA

A

posterior

59
Q

What do you call the irregular muscle ridges seen on the internal surface of the right ventricle

A

trabeculae carna

60
Q

___ is a modified trabeculae carnae that crosses the interventricular septum

A

moderator band

61
Q

What is the most posterior of the 4 heart chambers?

A

left atrium

62
Q

[Right/Left ventricle]

Cresenteric cavity

A

RV

63
Q

[Right/Left ventricle]

presence of moderator band

A

RV

64
Q

[Right/Left ventricle]

circular cavity

A

LV

65
Q

[Heart Embryology]

When will the heart tube elongates and bends?

A

Day 23

66
Q

[Heart Embryology]

The primitive atrium forms the ____

A

left atrium

67
Q

[Heart Embryology]

the sinus venosus gives rise to ____

A

right atrium

68
Q

[Heart Embryology]

the bulbus cordis forms the ____

A

Right ventricle

69
Q

[Heart Embryology]

the primitive ventricle forms the ____

A

left ventricle

70
Q

[Heart Embryology]

the truncus arteriorus gives rise to?

A

root of the aorta and the pulmonary trunk

71
Q

What are the components of TOF

A
  1. Pulmonary stenosis
  2. VSD
  3. Overriding aorta
  4. RVH
72
Q

[Fetal Circulation]

Trace the pathway for Oxygenated blood

A
  1. Umbilical vein
  2. Ductus Venosus
  3. IVC
  4. RA
  5. Foramen Ovale
  6. Left Atrium
  7. Left Ventricle
  8. Aorta
73
Q

[Fetal Circulation]

Trace the pathway for deoxygenated blood

A
  1. SVC
  2. RA
  3. RV
  4. Pulmonary trunk
  5. Ductus arteriosus
  6. Aorta
74
Q

[Fetal Circulation]

what shunts become close as soon as the baby is born?

A
  1. Foramen ovale
  2. Ductus arteriosus
  3. Umbilical vessels
75
Q

[Adult derivatives of fetal vascular structures]

Ligamentum teres

A

Umbilical vein

76
Q

Medial umbilical ligament

A

UmbilicaL arterues

77
Q

[Adult derivatives of fetal vascular structures]

Ligamentum venosus

A

Ductus venosus

78
Q

[Adult derivatives of fetal vascular structures]

Ligamentum arteriosum

A

Ductus arteriosus

79
Q

[Adult derivatives of fetal vascular structures]

median umbilical ligament

A

remnant of urachus

80
Q

The closure of the foramen ovale and fossa ovalis occus in ___ month after birth?

A

3rd

81
Q

Congenital rubella infection is associated with what anomaly?

A

PDA

82
Q

In PDA, the aortic blood is shunted to the?

A

pulmonary artery

83
Q

[Aortic Arch derivatives]

The first pair gives rise to

A

maxillary artery

84
Q

[Aortic Arch derivatives]

the second pair gives rise to

A

stapedial arteries

85
Q

[Aortic Arch derivatives]

The proximal part of the third pair gives rise to

A

Common Carotid Artery

86
Q

[Aortic Arch derivatives]

the distal parts of the third pair gives rise to

A

Internal carotid artery

87
Q

[Aortic Arch derivatives]

the fifth pair gives rise to

A

NONE!

Yes NONE

88
Q

[Adult derivatives of fetal vascular structures]

The venous drainage are composed of ___

A
  1. Umbilical or allantoic or placental veins
  2. Vitelline or omphalomesenteric vein
  3. cardinal vein
  4. Umbilical vein
89
Q

[Adult derivatives of fetal vascular structures]

this venous drainage system receives returning blood from the splanchopleyra to become the portal system

A

Omphalomesenteric veins or vitelline

90
Q

[Adult derivatives of fetal vascular structures]

venous system that become the caval syste

A

cardinal veins

91
Q

[Adult derivatives of fetal vascular structures]

umbilical vein that disappears at the end of the embryonic period

A

umbilical veins

92
Q

___ connects the umbilical vein with the IVC

A

ductus venosus

Anatomy (37 decks)

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