Thoracic Cavity And Lungs

Question 1

What are the three parts of the sternum?

Answer 1

1. Manubrium
2. Body
3. Xiphoid process

Question 2

What is the Seternal angle (Angle of Louis)?

Answer 2

Where the manubrium and body of the sternum join

Question 3

What makes up the sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 3

Where the sternum and clavicle join

Question 4

What rib attaches to the manubrium?

Answer 4

Rib 1

Question 5

What rib attaches to the sternal angle?

Answer 5

Rib 2

Question 6

What ribs attach to the body of the sternum?

Answer 6

Ribs 3 -6

Question 7

What ribs are true ribs? What makes up a true rib?

Answer 7

1-7, They originate from vertebrate and join to sternum through costal cartilages

Question 8

What ribs are false ribs and why are they false?

Answer 8

Ribs 8,9,10- originate from vertebra and join to sternum through the costal cartilages - forms costal arch

Question 9

What ribs are floating ribs what makes them floating?

Answer 9

Ribs 11 and 12- originate from vertebra and don’t attach anywhere

Question 10

Which ribs are typical?

Answer 10

3-9

Question 11

What ribs are atypical?

Answer 11

1,2,11,12

Question 12

What structure runs through the vertebral foramen?

Answer 12

The spinal cord

Question 13

What is the surface landmark of the right lung?

• Midclavicular, midaxulary, midscapulam

Answer 13

Midclavicular- 6th rib
Midaxularu- 8th rib
Midscapulam- 10th rib

Question 14

What is the surface landmark of margin of the pleural?
- Midclavicular, midaxulary, midscapulam

Answer 14

Midclavicular: 8th rib
Midaxulary: 10th rib
Midscapulam: 12th rib

Question 15

What structure is between the visceral and parietal pleural?

Answer 15

Pleural cavity

Question 16

What is a pneumothorax? What causes one?

Answer 16

Is a pulmonary collapse (lung collapse)
Occurs when puncture in parietal pleura
Punctured parietal pleura which lets air into pleural cavity and compresses lung - or when lung and visceral pleura is damaged

Question 17

What does the vertebral column consist of? How many of each vertebrae are there in cervical, thoracic and lumbar

Answer 17

24 separate vertebrae, sacrum and coccyx.

7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar

Question 18

Draw the key structures of a typical rib

Answer 18

check powerpoint - should have head, neck, tubercle, costal groove, body, costal cartilages

Question 19

What is the importance of the sternal angle

Answer 19

attachment site for second rib, palpable landmark for surface anatomy so used as a guide in medical procedures, indicated the level of T4-T4 in vertebral discs, provides into on diaphragm position during inhalation/exhalation

Question 20

why is it important to perform a chest drain just above the rib while the patient is sat upright?

Answer 20

patient must be upright so fluid can pool at the bottom of the lungs, just above the rib as the neurovascular bundle is just above is smaller than the one below. So less damage

Question 21

which rib attaches to the articulate facet

Answer 21

rib 1

Question 22

which ribs attach to the demifacets of thoracic vertebrae and what is their function

Answer 22

ribs 2-9. head of rib/costal cartilage articulates with demifacets of the thoracic vertebrae

Question 23

why is bone marrow often taken from the iliac crest

Answer 23

it is an accessible point near few major vessels and nerves. iliac crest is high in red bone marrow needed for making blood cells

Question 24

what is the function of the external intercostal muscles

Answer 24

11 pairs, run inferior and medically, moves ribs superiority to elevate them in forced inspiration.

Question 25

what is the function of internal intercostal muscles

Answer 25

runs superior and medial, moves ribs inferiority and most active in forced expiration/coughing

Question 26

where does the neurovascular bundle run in the muscle layers of the ribs

Answer 26

between the innermost intercostal muscles and the internal intercostal muscle layers

Question 27

at what point does the pleura of the left side deviate from the midline and why

Answer 27

at the 4th rib, to accomodate for the heart

Question 28

where are the left and right pleura at the:
8th rib
10th rib
12th rib

Answer 28

• both diverge and cross the mid clavicular line
• both diverge and cross the mid axillary line
• both reach the posterior chest just below the 12th rib

Question 29

Which structure lies superior in the blood vessels of the right lung

Answer 29

the bronchus

Question 30

why is the recovery position lying the patient on the left side

Answer 30

because the right bronchus is larger and things (vomit, teeth etc) are more likely to enter and get stuck

Question 31

What is the Hilum?

Answer 31

The root of each lung is a short tubular collection of structures that together attach lung to structures in mediastinum- covered mediastinal pleura

Question 32

What is the internal thoracic wall?

Answer 32

Supplies the breast and anterior chest wall- travels along the inner surface of the an†erior chest wall

Question 33

What is present between the pleural layers and what is its function

Answer 33

pleural fluid. allows lubrication and the layers of the pleura to move when breathing. maintains negative pressure between the lungs and thoracic cavity