Thoracic Cavity And Lungs Flashcards
What are the three parts of the sternum?
- Manubrium
- Body
- Xiphoid process
What is the Seternal angle (Angle of Louis)?
Where the manubrium and body of the sternum join
What makes up the sternoclavicular joint?
Where the sternum and clavicle join
What rib attaches to the manubrium?
Rib 1
What rib attaches to the sternal angle?
Rib 2
What ribs attach to the body of the sternum?
Ribs 3 -6
What ribs are true ribs? What makes up a true rib?
1-7, They originate from vertebrate and join to sternum through costal cartilages
What ribs are false ribs and why are they false?
Ribs 8,9,10- originate from vertebra and join to sternum through the costal cartilages - forms costal arch
What ribs are floating ribs what makes them floating?
Ribs 11 and 12- originate from vertebra and don’t attach anywhere
Which ribs are typical?
3-9
What ribs are atypical?
1,2,11,12
What structure runs through the vertebral foramen?
The spinal cord
What is the surface landmark of the right lung?
- Midclavicular, midaxulary, midscapulam
Midclavicular- 6th rib
Midaxularu- 8th rib
Midscapulam- 10th rib
What is the surface landmark of margin of the pleural?
- Midclavicular, midaxulary, midscapulam
Midclavicular: 8th rib
Midaxulary: 10th rib
Midscapulam: 12th rib
What structure is between the visceral and parietal pleural?
Pleural cavity
What is a pneumothorax? What causes one?
Is a pulmonary collapse (lung collapse)
Occurs when puncture in parietal pleura
Punctured parietal pleura which lets air into pleural cavity and compresses lung - or when lung and visceral pleura is damaged
What does the vertebral column consist of? How many of each vertebrae are there in cervical, thoracic and lumbar
24 separate vertebrae, sacrum and coccyx.
7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
Draw the key structures of a typical rib
check powerpoint - should have head, neck, tubercle, costal groove, body, costal cartilages
What is the importance of the sternal angle
attachment site for second rib, palpable landmark for surface anatomy so used as a guide in medical procedures, indicated the level of T4-T4 in vertebral discs, provides into on diaphragm position during inhalation/exhalation
why is it important to perform a chest drain just above the rib while the patient is sat upright?
patient must be upright so fluid can pool at the bottom of the lungs, just above the rib as the neurovascular bundle is just above is smaller than the one below. So less damage
which rib attaches to the articulate facet
rib 1
which ribs attach to the demifacets of thoracic vertebrae and what is their function
ribs 2-9. head of rib/costal cartilage articulates with demifacets of the thoracic vertebrae
why is bone marrow often taken from the iliac crest
it is an accessible point near few major vessels and nerves. iliac crest is high in red bone marrow needed for making blood cells
what is the function of the external intercostal muscles
11 pairs, run inferior and medically, moves ribs superiority to elevate them in forced inspiration.
what is the function of internal intercostal muscles
runs superior and medial, moves ribs inferiority and most active in forced expiration/coughing
where does the neurovascular bundle run in the muscle layers of the ribs
between the innermost intercostal muscles and the internal intercostal muscle layers
at what point does the pleura of the left side deviate from the midline and why
at the 4th rib, to accomodate for the heart
where are the left and right pleura at the:
8th rib
10th rib
12th rib
- both diverge and cross the mid clavicular line
- both diverge and cross the mid axillary line
- both reach the posterior chest just below the 12th rib
Which structure lies superior in the blood vessels of the right lung
the bronchus
why is the recovery position lying the patient on the left side
because the right bronchus is larger and things (vomit, teeth etc) are more likely to enter and get stuck
What is the Hilum?
The root of each lung is a short tubular collection of structures that together attach lung to structures in mediastinum- covered mediastinal pleura
What is the internal thoracic wall?
Supplies the breast and anterior chest wall- travels along the inner surface of the an†erior chest wall
What is present between the pleural layers and what is its function
pleural fluid. allows lubrication and the layers of the pleura to move when breathing. maintains negative pressure between the lungs and thoracic cavity
