Hip, shoulder, knee and elbow joints Flashcards
State the features of the posterior scapula
supraspinous fossa, infraspinous fossa, spine, acromion
State the features of the anterior scapula
coracoid process, subscapular fossa
Draw the humerus and label the greater and lesser tubercle, head, anatomical and surgical neck
State the 3 joints of the shoulder
acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular, glenohumeral
State 2 features of the humoral head
large and has articular cartilage
State 3 features of the glenoid fossa
shallow, articular cartilage, fibrocartilage
Why does the glenohumeral joint have a greater range of movement than any other joint
it is ball and socket so allows - flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, internal/external rotation. combining these gives circumduction
What three movements is the scapula capable of
elevation/depression
protraction/retraction
upward/downward rotation
What are the 3 ligaments associated with the actiomioclavicular joint
acriomioclavicular ligament
coracoacromial ligament
coracoclavicular ligament
How does an osteoarthritic shoulder joint look different to a normal one
rough and pitted, little/no hyaline cartilage
What type of joint is the elbow and what movement does it allow
synovial hinge = flexion and extension
Where does the elbow joint articulate? what are they called?
at the distal humerus and proximal ulna (ulnohumeral), between the proximal radius and the humerus (radio humoral) , between the proximal radius and ulna (radioulnar joint)
What three ligaments support the elbow
ulnar collateral ligament
radial collateral ligament
annulnar ligament (encircles head of radius and connects it to the ulnar)
What are the capitulum and trochlea
depressions of the distal humerus that form the elbow joint
capitulum = articulates with radius
trochlea = medial and articulates with ulna
What type of joint is the hip
multiaxial ball and socket
What structures for the basic hip joint
acetabulum and head of the femur
What three fibrous ligaments surround the hip joint and where are they located
iliofemoral = anterior
ischiofemoral = posterior
pubofemoral = medial
State some features of the femoral head
large
articular cartilage
ligamentum teres
State some features of the acetabulum
deep
articular cartilage
fibrocartilage
What is the fovea?
a small ovoid depression on the femoral head which is the attachment point for ligamentum teres
What is the ligamentum teres
ligament connecting the head of femur to acetabulum
What movements can be performed at the knee joint
flexion, extension
medial and lateral rotation
What are the 3 joints in the knee
two femorotibial
one femoropatellar
State the 3 bursa in the knee
suprapatellar bursa
prepatella bursa
infrapatella bursa
State the structures found in the knee joint
crucial ligaments (anterior and posterior)
menisci (lateral and medial)
collateral ligaments (lateral and medial)
How does normal cartilage appear
smooth and translucent
