Bones, Joints, Muscles, Fascia And Compartmentd Flashcards
What are the two types of bone based on morphology?
- Compact bone- Dense
- Cancellous/ trabeculae bone- spongy
What are the four types of bone shapes?
- Long
- Irregular
- Flat
- Short
What are the features bones can have?
- Extensions or projections of bone
- Depression in bone
- Cavities or passages where structures pass through the bone
What are the different names for cavities and passages?
- Canal
- Foramen
- Fissure
- Notch
What are the different names for depressions?
- Sulcus
- Fossa
- Groove
What are the different names for extensions and projections?
- Head
- Condylar
3 Epicondylitis - Process
- Tubercle
- Spine
What are the types of joints?
- Hinge
- Pivot
- Ball and socket
What is the definition of a hinge joint?
Movement takes place around a single stationary axis- movement is restricted to one plane
What is a pivot joint?
Allows rotation around the axis of the pivot
What is a ball and socket joint?
Multiaxial- allows movements in many directions
What is a tendon?
At the end of muscle and attached to bone
What is the origin bone?
The bone that stays stationary
What is the insertion bone?
The mobile bone
What is the function of a tendon?
To transfer the force off muscle to bone to generate movement
What are the different shapes and sizes of tendons?
Round and flat
What is aponeuroses?
Are flat sheets of connective tissue in your body that are similar to tendons.
What are the three types of contractions muscles can undergo?
- Concentric contractions - shorter
- Eccentric contractions- Longer
- Isotonic contraction - stays the same
What is fascia?
Most regions of the body have layers of tissue made from collagen (connective tissue)
What are the two types of fascia?
Superficial and deep
What is superficial fascia?
In the outermost layer. - A mixture of loose connective tissue and fat. Thickness varies in people and parts of body
What is deep fascia?
Deep to superficial, consists of membranous layer of connective tissue. Surrounds and separates groups of muscle. Forms layer that may direct infection through specific paths
Why can compartments surrounds by deep fascia cause problems clinically? And what is the treatment of this?
Deep fascia is tough and fibrous- cannnot stretch so if swelling occurs within the compartment - pressure increases - which can compress blood vessels and nerves contained within the compartment. TREATMENT- Incision through the skin, superficial and deep fascia - known as fasciotomy- relives pressure and restores blood supply
In the anterior compartment of the arm what nerve innervates it?
The musculcutaneous nerve
In the posterior compartment of the arm what nerve innervates it?
Radial nerve
