Bones, Joints, Muscles, Fascia And Compartmentd

Question 1

What are the two types of bone based on morphology?

Answer 1

1. Compact bone- Dense
2. Cancellous/ trabeculae bone- spongy

Question 2

What are the four types of bone shapes?

Answer 2

1. Long
2. Irregular
3. Flat
4. Short

Question 3

What are the features bones can have?

Answer 3

1. Extensions or projections of bone
2. Depression in bone
3. Cavities or passages where structures pass through the bone

Question 4

What are the different names for cavities and passages?

Answer 4

1. Canal
2. Foramen
3. Fissure
4. Notch

Question 5

What are the different names for depressions?

Answer 5

1. Sulcus
2. Fossa
3. Groove

Question 6

What are the different names for extensions and projections?

Answer 6

1. Head
2. Condylar
   3 Epicondylitis
3. Process
4. Tubercle
5. Spine

Question 7

What are the types of joints?

Answer 7

1. Hinge
2. Pivot
3. Ball and socket

Question 8

What is the definition of a hinge joint?

Answer 8

Movement takes place around a single stationary axis- movement is restricted to one plane

Question 9

What is a pivot joint?

Answer 9

Allows rotation around the axis of the pivot

Question 10

What is a ball and socket joint?

Answer 10

Multiaxial- allows movements in many directions

Question 11

What is a tendon?

Answer 11

At the end of muscle and attached to bone

Question 12

What is the origin bone?

Answer 12

The bone that stays stationary

Question 13

What is the insertion bone?

Answer 13

The mobile bone

Question 14

What is the function of a tendon?

Answer 14

To transfer the force off muscle to bone to generate movement

Question 15

What are the different shapes and sizes of tendons?

Answer 15

Round and flat

Question 16

What is aponeuroses?

Answer 16

Are flat sheets of connective tissue in your body that are similar to tendons.

Question 17

What are the three types of contractions muscles can undergo?

Answer 17

1. Concentric contractions - shorter
2. Eccentric contractions- Longer
3. Isotonic contraction - stays the same

Question 18

What is fascia?

Answer 18

Most regions of the body have layers of tissue made from collagen (connective tissue)

Question 19

What are the two types of fascia?

Answer 19

Superficial and deep

Question 20

What is superficial fascia?

Answer 20

In the outermost layer. - A mixture of loose connective tissue and fat. Thickness varies in people and parts of body

Question 21

What is deep fascia?

Answer 21

Deep to superficial, consists of membranous layer of connective tissue. Surrounds and separates groups of muscle. Forms layer that may direct infection through specific paths

Question 22

Why can compartments surrounds by deep fascia cause problems clinically? And what is the treatment of this?

Answer 22

Deep fascia is tough and fibrous- cannnot stretch so if swelling occurs within the compartment - pressure increases - which can compress blood vessels and nerves contained within the compartment. TREATMENT- Incision through the skin, superficial and deep fascia - known as fasciotomy- relives pressure and restores blood supply

Question 23

In the anterior compartment of the arm what nerve innervates it?

Answer 23

The musculcutaneous nerve

Question 24

In the posterior compartment of the arm what nerve innervates it?

Answer 24

Radial nerve